Covid19-Sources

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Revisiting the Basic Reproductive Number for Malaria and Its Implications for Malaria Control
Revisiting the Basic Reproductive Number for Malaria and Its Implications for Malaria Control
A new mathematical approach applied to 121 human populations infected with malaria revises the basic reproductive number--an indication of the transmission intensity--up by an order of magnitude, with serious implications for effective malaria control.
·journals.plos.org·
Revisiting the Basic Reproductive Number for Malaria and Its Implications for Malaria Control
Institute of Armchair Immunology on Twitter
Institute of Armchair Immunology on Twitter
Überraschung des Tages im US Experten-Meeting zum Herbst-Impfstoff-Update: Novavax!Die Immun-Ergebnisse zu BA.5 waren im Vergleich zu denen von Moderna und Pfizer beeindruckend.Hier die Präsentation: https://t.co/CnOxg0g0Y11/ pic.twitter.com/F2f0BJlqRQ— Institute of Armchair Immunology (@ArmchairViro) June 28, 2022
·twitter.com·
Institute of Armchair Immunology on Twitter
Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting
Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting
Structural features of our recombinant trimeric spike protein vaccine leads to broadly cross neutralizing antibodies  Displays conserved epitopes across prototype and emerging variants  Adjuvant causes epitope spreading and enhanced recognition of conserved epitopes on spike protein  Previously infected individuals and those vaccinated with NVX-CoV2373 demonstrate broad recognition of variants following booster doses  Antigenic cartography shows boosting minimizes effect of variant escape  Status of ongoing clinical boosting study and vaccine supply
·fda.gov·
Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting
Saliva swabs are the preferred sample for Omicron detection
Saliva swabs are the preferred sample for Omicron detection
The Omicron variant is characterised by more than 50 distinct mutations, the majority of which are located in the spike protein. The implications of these mutations for disease transmission, tissue tropism and diagnostic testing are still to be determined. We evaluated the relative performance of saliva and mid-turbinate swabs as RT-PCR samples for the Delta and Omicron variants. The positive percent agreement (PPA) of saliva swabs and mid-turbinate swabs to a composite standard was 71% (95% CI: 53-84%) and 100% (95% CI: 89-100%), respectively, for the Delta variant. However, for the Omicron variant saliva and mid-turbinate swabs had a 100% (95% CI: 90-100%) and 86% (95% CI: 71-94%) PPA, respectively. This finding supports ex-vivo data of altered tissue tropism from other labs for the Omicron variant. Reassessment of the diagnostic testing standard-of-care may be required as the Omicron variant become the dominant variant worldwide. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This research was funded in whole, or in part, by Wellcome [203135/Z16/Z]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. This study was funded in whole, or in part, by National Health Laboratory Service in South Africa. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This research has been approved by the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 420/2020). I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors.
·medrxiv.org·
Saliva swabs are the preferred sample for Omicron detection
Chris Turnbull on Twitter
Chris Turnbull on Twitter
Covid, SARS 2: New Study: Virus found to invade brainstem in a similar way to SARS 1 and MERS Cov: H/T: @RolandBakerIII pic.twitter.com/qqLgyP5RDA— Chris Turnbull (@EnemyInAState) July 6, 2022
·twitter.com·
Chris Turnbull on Twitter
Fit-tested N95 masks combined with portable HEPA filtration can protect against high aerosolized viral loads over prolonged periods at close range - PubMed
Fit-tested N95 masks combined with portable HEPA filtration can protect against high aerosolized viral loads over prolonged periods at close range - PubMed
Fit-tested N95 masks combined with HEPA filtration protects against high virus aerosol loads at close range and for prolonged periods of time.
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Fit-tested N95 masks combined with portable HEPA filtration can protect against high aerosolized viral loads over prolonged periods at close range - PubMed
Evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in seronegative patients with long COVID
Evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in seronegative patients with long COVID
We discovered that IL-2 release (but not IFN-γ release) from T cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides is both sensitive (75% +/−13%) and specific (88%+/−7%) for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 months after a positive PCR test. We identified that 42–53% of patients with Long COVID, but without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, nonetheless have detectable SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses.
There is currently no consensus on the diagnosis, definition, symptoms, or duration of COVID-19 illness. The diagnostic complexity of Long COVID is compounded in many patients who were or might have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 but not tested during the acute illness and/or are SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative.
·thelancet.com·
Evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in seronegative patients with long COVID
Face masks: what the data say
Face masks: what the data say
Nature - The science supports that face coverings are saving lives during the coronavirus pandemic, and yet the debate trundles on. How much evidence is enough?
·nature.com·
Face masks: what the data say
Vaccine surveillance report week 24
Vaccine surveillance report week 24
Four coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines have now been approved for use in the UK. Rigorous clinical trials have been undertaken to understand the immune response, safety profile and efficacy of these vaccines as part of the regulatory process. Ongoing monitoring of the vaccines as they are rolled out in the population is important to continually ensure that clinical and public health guidance on the vaccination programme is built upon the best available evidence. UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), formerly Public Health England (PHE), works closely with the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA), NHS England, and other government, devolved administration and academic partners to monitor the COVID-19 vaccination programme. Details of the vaccine surveillance strategy are set on the page COVID-19: vaccine surveillance strategy (1). As with all vaccines, the safety of COVID-19 vaccines is continuously being monitored by the MHRA. They conclude that overall, the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh any potential risks (2). Please note that this report is published on a monthly basis. The next report will be published on 7 July 2022. This week’s report contains updates on consensus vaccine effectiveness estimates, and vaccination in pregnancy data.
·assets.publishing.service.gov.uk·
Vaccine surveillance report week 24
Leif Erik Sander on Twitter
Leif Erik Sander on Twitter
Sehr, sehr wichtige Studie aus Israel zur Effektivität der COVID-Impfung bei Kindern 5-11J. gegen Omicron-KEIN Schutz vor Infektion nach 1 Dosis-moderater Schutz nach 2 Dosen (36-69%)-Booster notwendig?Thanks @ClalitInnovate @RanBalicer 🙏https://t.co/sradqCx0Ti pic.twitter.com/TQt0Kv6g3D— Leif Erik Sander (@Sander_Lab) July 1, 2022
·twitter.com·
Leif Erik Sander on Twitter
Why SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is milder? A single high-frequency mutation of structural envelope protein matters
Why SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is milder? A single high-frequency mutation of structural envelope protein matters
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly transmissible and extensive morbidity, which has raised concerns for antiviral therapy. In addition, the molecular basis for the attenuated pathogenicity and replication capacity of Omicron remains elusive. Here, we report for the first time that a high-frequency mutation T9I on 2-E of SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron forms a non-selective ion channel with abolished calcium permeability and reduced acid sensitivity compared to the WT channel. In addition, T9I caused less cell death and a weaker cytokine production. The channel property changes might be responsible for the Omicron variant releases less efficiently and induces a comparatively lower level of cell damage in the infected cells. Our study gives valuable insights into key features of the Omicron variant, further supporting 2-E is a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2 and providing critical information for the COVID-19 treatment. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
·biorxiv.org·
Why SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is milder? A single high-frequency mutation of structural envelope protein matters
WesElyMD on Twitter
WesElyMD on Twitter
1/🧵 Long COVID Brain Science: 🧠For ~100M suffering 🌎, let’s use data to combat myths & #MisinformationCOVID is biologically dangerous long after virus is gone#LongCOVID affects our….📍Olfactory & Limbic Systems📍 Interferon Autoimmunity📍PET scans📍AstrocytesHow? pic.twitter.com/gfWMoPxGoX— WesElyMD (@WesElyMD) June 15, 2022
·twitter.com·
WesElyMD on Twitter
molecular.sylvia on Twitter
molecular.sylvia on Twitter
Was?? Es sind nicht die Long Lockdown Adeno-Dogs? *Shocked* https://t.co/X9bkkXr1b7SARS-CoV-2 ORF1abA1061S Mutation resultiert in einem PARP14 identen Peptid, das über HLA-A präsentiert wird und autoreaktive zytotoxische T-Zellen begünstigt.— molecular.sylvia (@SylviaGruber88) June 30, 2022
·twitter.com·
molecular.sylvia on Twitter
Eric Topol on Twitter
Eric Topol on Twitter
The Omicron BA.4/5 subvariants are leading to a new wave in Europe and the United States, with an impact of some increase in hospitalizationshttps://t.co/y0LvkzoCRb @SarahNev @JamieSmythF @jburnmurdoch @TWenseleers pic.twitter.com/pBuS7Xc5Li— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) June 17, 2022
·twitter.com·
Eric Topol on Twitter
Ralf Wittenbrink on Twitter
Ralf Wittenbrink on Twitter
Dies ist eine äußerst wichtige Studie, die darauf hindeutet, dass eine Infektion durch frühere Varianten die schützende Immunität gegen nachfolgende Varianten verändern und sogar beeinträchtigen kann – ein Prozess, der von den Autoren als „Hybrid-Immundämpfung“…#COVID19 pic.twitter.com/uBqYpwQiVI— Ralf Wittenbrink (@RWittenbrink) June 15, 2022
·twitter.com·
Ralf Wittenbrink on Twitter