Covid19-Sources

Scientific Reports - <ArticleTitle Language="En" OutputMedium="All" xml:lang="en">RETRACTED ARTICLE: Stay-at-home policy is a...

Background: There are concerns regarding post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, but it is unclear whether COVID-19 poses a significant downstream mortality risk. The objective was to determine the relationship between COVID-19 infection and 12-month mortality after recovery from the initial episode of COVID-19 in adult patients.Methods: An analysis of electronic health records (EHR) was performed for a cohort of 13,638 patients, including COVID-19 positive and a comparison group of COVID-19 negative patients, who were followed for 12 months post COVID-19 episode at one health system. Both COVID-19 positive patients and COVID-19 negative patients were PCR validated. COVID-19 positive patients were classified as severe if they were hospitalized within the first 30 days of the date of their initial positive test. The 12-month risk of mortality was assessed in unadjusted Cox regressions and those adjusted for age, sex, race and comorbidities. Separate subgroup analyses were conducted for (a) patients aged 65 and older and (b) those 65 years.Results: Of the 13,638 patients included in this cohort, 178 had severe COVID-19, 246 had mild/moderate COVID-19, and 13,214 were COVID-19 negative. In the cohort, 2,686 died in the 12-month period. The 12-month adjusted all-cause mortality risk was significantly higher for patients with severe COVID-19 compared to both COVID-19 negative patients (HR 2.50; 95% CI 2.02, 3.09) and mild COVID-19 patients (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.28, 2.74). The vast major...

Recent studies have suggested the neuroinvasive potential of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Notably, neuroinvasiveness might be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some studies have demonstrated that synapse-connected routes may enable coronaviruses to access the central nervous system (CNS). However, evidence related to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS, its direct impact on the CNS, and the contribution to symptoms suffered, remain sparse. Here, we review the current literature that indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the nervous system. We also describe the neural circuits that are potentially affected by the virus and their possible role in the progress of COVID-19. In addition, we propose several strategies to understand, diagnose, and treat the neurological symptoms of COVID-19.

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered, there have been questions surrounding the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and more recently the COVID-19 vaccine, on men’s health and fertility. Significant research has been conducted to study viral tropism, potential causes for gender susceptibility, the impact of COVID-19 on male sexual function in the acute and recovery phases, and the effects of the virus on male reproductive organs and hormones. This review provides a recent assessment of the literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 and its vaccine on male sexual health and reproduction.

A new diverse genome has appeared within the B.1.1.529 lineage that has all of the shared mutations of B.1.1.529, some of the mutations unique to BA.1 and some unique to BA.2 plus a few of its own....

Joshua Kimmich kämpft nach seiner Corona-Erkrankung mit Infiltrationen in der Lunge. Was hat es damit auf sich – und was kann das für seine Karriere als Fußballprofi bedeuten? …

Analysis of human serum samples before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic show that antibodies against common seasonal human coronaviruses are cross-reactive against SARS-CoV-2 but do not confer cross-protection against infection or hospitalization.

COVID-19 vaccine responses provide insights into how the immune system perceives threats

Based on its genetic profile and preliminary in vitro and epidemiological data, the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is predicted to evade immune res

High COVID-19 vaccination rates were expected to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in populations by reducing the number of possible sources for transmission and thereby to reduce the burden of COVID-19 disease. Recent data, however, indicate that the epidemiological relevance of COVID-19 vaccinated individuals is increasing. In the UK it was described that secondary attack rates among household contacts exposed to fully vaccinated index cases was similar to household contacts exposed to unvaccinated index cases (25% for vaccinated vs 23% for unvaccinated).

The COVID-19 infection fatality rate was low for citizens younger than 51 years without comorbidity (3.36 per 100000 infections). The infection fatality rate in

Die Mundhöhle spielt eine große Rolle bei Covid-19-Infektionen. Was eine gute Zahn- und Mundhygiene bewirken kann

Leaked research conducted by Israeli hospital indicates that third shot yields more antibodies, and that these antibodies are also better at preventing disease

1) Excellent work from an Austrian team around @janinekimpel and Doro von Laer. Same results as @sigallab and @CiesekSandra for Omicron neutralization but more data from heterologous prime-boost vaccination and convalescent individuals.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused economic shock waves across the globe. Much research addresses direct health implications of an infection, but to date little is known about how this shapes lasting economic effects. This paper estimates the workplace productivity effects of COVID-19 by studying performance of soccer players after an infection. We construct a dataset that encompasses all traceable infections in the elite leagues of Germany and Italy. Relying on a staggered difference-in-differences design, we identify negative short- and longer-run performance effects. Relative to their pre- infection outcomes, infected players’ performance temporarily drops by more than 6%. Over half a year later, it is still around 5% lower. The negative effects appear to have notable spillovers on team performance. We argue that our results could have impor- tant implications for labor markets and public health in general. Countries and firms with more infections might face economic disadvantages that exceed the temporary pandemic shock due to potentially long-lasting reductions in productivity.

Die Schweizer Strategie müsse nicht nur die Belegung der Intensivstationen, sondern die Anzahl Infektionen im Visier haben, fordert Neurologin Maja Strasser.

Summary 1 mRNA-1273 vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Delta wanes over time; however, there are limited data on the impact of durability of immune responses on protection. Here, we immunized rhesus macaques and assessed immune responses over one year in blood, upper and lower airways. Serum neutralizing titers to Delta were 280 and 34 reciprocal ID50 at weeks 6 (peak) and 48 (challenge), respectively. Antibody binding titers also decreased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Four days after Delta challenge, virus was unculturable in BAL and subgenomic RNA declined by ~3-log10 compared to control animals. In nasal swabs, sgRNA was reduced by 1-log10 and virus remained culturable. Anamnestic antibodies (590-fold increased titer) but not T cell responses were detected in BAL by day 4 post-challenge. mRNA-1273-mediated protection in the lungs is durable but delayed and potentially dependent on anamnestic antibody responses. Rapid and sustained protection in upper and lower airways may eventually require a boost.

Aktuell wird viel über den nachlassenden Immunschutz geredet. Was bedeutet das? Ja, der Schutz vor Infektion lässt 6 Monate nach der 2. Impfung nach. ABER: Schutz vor schwerer Erkrankung ist auch 1 Jahr später noch vorhanden! https://t.co/y3sPEWyTHf https://t.co/7Vcnr3GSCJ

Lungen der geimpften Tiere zeigen deutlich weniger Schaden nach Infektion als die ungeimpften Tiere. Daher: Booster für Schutz vor Infektion notwendig; Schutz vor schwerer Erkrankung hält aber deutlich länger! Nur mit hoher Impfquote bekommen wir schwere Verläufe in den Griff!

In a prospective study >35,000 people with Pfizer or AZ vaccination, 27% with Prior Covid https://t.co/kukquPfD0Z —3 shots are "essential to maintain protection" for people without Prior Covid —Most durable protection was from hybrid immunity: Prior Covid + 1 or 2 shots https://t.co/PcLIxXTZOG

2,311,282 people were included in the study, of whom 164,046 (7.1%) were admitted and 53,156 (2.3%) died within 28 days. There was significant variation in the case hospitalisation and mortality risk over time, peaking in December 2020-February 2021, which remained after adjustment for individual risk factors. Older age groups, males, those resident in more deprived areas, and those with obesity had higher odds of admission and mortality. Of risk factors examined, severe mental illness and learning disability had the highest odds of admission and mortality.

Wearing face masks and maintaining social distance are familiar to many people around the world during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Evidence suggests that these are effective ways to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is not clear how exactly the risk of infection is affected by wearing a mask during close personal encounters or by social distancing without a mask. Our results show that face masks significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to social distancing. We find a very low risk of infection when everyone wears a face mask, even if it doesn’t fit perfectly on the face. Previously published data were used for this work (https://aerosol.ds.mpg.de/). All other study data are included in the article and/or [ SI Appendix ][1]. [1]: https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.2110117118/-/DCSupplemental

To introduce the perspective of patients who have PASC with vibrations and tremors as a prominent component, we leveraged the efforts by [Survivor Corps][1], a grassroots COVID-19 patient advocacy group, to gather information from people in their Facebook group suffering from vibrations and tremors. Survivor Corps collected 140 emails and 450 Facebook comments from members. From the emails, we identified 22 themes and 7 broader domains based on common coding techniques for qualitative data and the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis. Facebook comments were analyzed using Word Clouds to visualize frequency of terms. The respondents’ emails reflected 7 domains that formed the basis of characterizing their experience with vibrations and tremors. These domains were: (1) symptom experience, description, and anatomic location; (2) initial symptom onset; (3) symptom timing; (4) symptom triggers or alleviators; (5) change from baseline health status; (6) experience with medical establishment; and (7) impact on people’s lives and livelihood. There were 22 themes total, each corresponding to one of the broader domains. The Facebook comments Word Cloud revealed that the 10 most common words used in comments were: tremors (64), covid (55), pain (51), vibrations (43), months (36), burning (29), feet (24), hands (22), legs (21), back (20). Overall, these patient narratives described intense suffering, and there is still no diagnosis or treatment available. ### Competing Interest Statement In the past three years, Harlan Krumholz received expenses and/or personal fees from UnitedHealth, IBM Watson Health, Element Science, Aetna, Facebook, the Siegfried and Jensen Law Firm, Arnold and Porter Law Firm, Martin/Baughman Law Firm, F-Prime, and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases in Beijing. He is a co-founder of Refactor Health and HugoHealth, and had grants and/or contracts from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medtronic, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Johnson & Johnson, and the Shenzhen Center for Health Information. ### Funding Statement This study did not receive any funding. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: IRB of Yale University waived ethical approval for this work. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All deidentified data in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors. [1]: https://www.survivorcorps.com/

COVID-19 has been associated with many neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, many individuals experience a protracted post-viral syndrome which is dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of severe COVID-19 more broadly. We sought to investigate the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury (neurofilament light [NfL], Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein [GFAP] and total Tau) and markers of dysregulated host response including measures of autoinflammation (proinflammatory cytokines) and autoimmunity. Brain injury biomarkers were measured using the Quanterix Simoa HDx platform, cytokine profiling by Luminex (R&D) and autoantibodies by a custom protein microarray. During hospitalisation, patients with COVID-19 demonstrated elevations of NfL and GFAP in a severity-dependant manner, and there was evidence of ongoing active brain injury at follow-up 4 months later. Raised NfL and GFAP were associated with both elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of autoantibodies; autoantibodies were commonly seen against lung surfactant proteins as well as brain proteins such as myelin associated glycoprotein, but reactivity was seen to a large number of different antigens. Furthermore, a distinct process characterised by elevation of serum total Tau was seen in patients at follow-up, which appeared to be independent of initial disease severity and was not associated with dysregulated immune responses in the same manner as NfL and GFAP. ### Competing Interest Statement HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Alector, Annexon, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Pinteon Therapeutics, Red Abbey Labs, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure and Biogen, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program. MG has received research grants from Gilead Sciences and Janssen-Cilag and honoraria as speaker and/or scientific advisor from Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline/ViiV, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, Novocure, and Novo Nordic SRI is a coapplicant and receives royalties on patent application WO/210/046716 (U.K. patent no., PCT/GB2009/051441) entitled Neurological Autoimmune Disorders (licensed for the development of assays for LGI1 and other VGKC-complex antibodies) and Diagnostic Strategy to improve specificity of CASPR2 antibody detection. (PCT/G82019 /051257). SRI has received honoraria and/or research support from UCB, Immunovant, MedImmun, Roche, Cerebral therapeutics, CSL Behring, ONO Pharma and ADC therapeutics. VFJN holds a grant from Roche Pharmaceuticals on proteomic biomarkers in traumatic brain injury. EB serves on the scientific advisory board of Sosei Hepatares and as a consultant for GSK. MT is the founder and CEO of Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd. DKM reports grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from GlaxoSmithKline Ltd.; grants, personal fees, and other from NeuroTrauma Sciences; grants and personal fees from Integra Life Sciences; personal fees from Pfizer Ltd.; grants and personal fees from Lantmannen AB; from Calico Ltd.; personal fees from Pressura Neuro Ltd.; and others from Cortirio Ltd., outside the submitted work. AJC received honoraria and travel expenses from Genzyme (a Sanofi company) until September 2017. VFJN reports personal fees from Neurodiem, outside the submitted work. ### Funding Statement EN, DKM and AC are supported by Brain Research UK. HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532), the European Research Council (#681712), Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809-2016862), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimers Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C and #ADSF-21-831377-C), the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor, Hjarnfonden, Sweden (#FO2019-0228), the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860197 (MIRIADE), and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. MG is supported by the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research ( ALFGBG-717531) and by grants from the SciLifeLab National COVID-19 Research Program, financed by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2020.0182 and 2020.0241). GB is supported by a sabbatical grant from PASPA-DGAPA-UNAM, Mexico. SRI is supported by a Wellcome Trust Fellowship [104079/Z/14/Z], a Medical Research Council Fellowship [MR/V007173/1], BMA Research Grants- Vera Down grant (2013) and Margaret Temple (2017), Epilepsy Research UK (P1201), the Fulbright UK-US commission (MS-Society research award) and by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. VFJN is an Academy of Medical Sciences / The Health Foundation Clinician Scientist. EB is supported by an NIHR Senior Investigator award DKM is supported by an NIHR Senior Investigator Award and European Union 7th Framework program We would like to thank Addenbrookes Charitable Trust and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre for their funding, and the NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility outreach team for enrollment of patients. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2020 01771) and the East of England Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee (17/EE/0025); via the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre). Healthy controls were recruited through the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (prior to the COVID 19 pandemic) and all provided written consent (approved by East of England Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee 17/EE/0025). Data from a small positive control group consisting of patients with acute traumatic brain injury were included as a reference for the magnitude of brain injury biomarker elevations (approved by East of England Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee REC 97/290). I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon request to the authors

Infektionsgefahr nur noch im Promille-Bereich: Eine neue Studie zeigt, wie effektiv FFP2-Masken sind - wenn sie korrekt getragen werden. Ohne Maske und selbst mit viel Abstand beträgt das Ansteckungsrisiko dagegen fast 100 Prozent.

In einem gerade erschienenen Preprint wird eine erhöhten Re-Infektionsrate in Südafrika, ausgelöst durch die Omicron Variante, berichtet. Das wäre ein deutlicher Hinweis auf Immune Escape, es bleiben aber weiterhin Fragen, v.a. im Hinblick auf Impfschutz. https://t.co/GMUmfFMJBQ https://t.co/ahK4LpumFP

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Comparative Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines in U.S. Veterans

I slightly favor reverse zoonosis for a few reasons: 1. The lineage is old and undetected circulation in immunocompromised patient(s) for this long seems unlikely 2. SARS-CoV-2 is a generalist virus and we have seen human>animal>human transmission happen in e.g., mink .. 17/

In the USA and Germany, high-level officials have used the term pandemic of the unvaccinated, suggesting that people who have been vaccinated are not relevant in the epidemiology of COVID-19. Officials’ use of this phrase might have encouraged one scientist to claim that “the unvaccinated threaten the vaccinated for COVID-19”.1 But this view is far too simple.