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New data suggests Canada's 'gamble' on delaying, mixing and matching COVID-19 vaccines paid off | CBC News
New data suggests Canada's 'gamble' on delaying, mixing and matching COVID-19 vaccines paid off | CBC News
New Canadian data suggests the strategy to delay and mix second doses of COVID-19 vaccines led to strong protection from infection, hospitalization and death — even against the highly contagious delta variant — that could provide lessons for the world.
·cbc.ca·
New data suggests Canada's 'gamble' on delaying, mixing and matching COVID-19 vaccines paid off | CBC News
Differential immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous boost in Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients
Differential immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous boost in Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients
Protection offe red by COVID-19 vaccines wanes over time, requi ring an eval uation of different boos ti ng s trategies to revert suc h a trend and enhance the quanti ty and quality of Spike-s pecific humoral and cellu lar i mmune responses . T hes e immunolo gic al parameters in homologous or heterologous vaccination boosts have thus far been studied for mRNA and ChAdO x1 nCoV-19 vaccines, but knowledge on indi viduals who received a s ingle dose of Ad26.COV2.S is lacking. We studied Spike-specific humoral and cellular immun ity in Ad26.CO V2.S vac cinated individuals (n=55) who were eith er pr imed with Ad26.COV2.S only (n=13), or boosted with a homologous (Ad26.COV2.S, n=28) or heterol ogous (BNT162b2, n=14) second dose. W e compared our findings with the res ul ts found in i ndiv iduals vaccinated with a single (n=16) or double (n=44) dos e of BN T162b2. W e obs erved tha t a strategy of heterologous vaccination enhanc ed the quanti ty and breadth of b oth, Spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity in Ad26.CO V2.S vaccinated. In contras t, the impa ct of h omol ogous boost was quanti tati vely minimal in Ad26.COV2.S vacc inate d and Spike-speci fic antibodies and T cells were narrowly focus ed to the S1 region. Al though a direct ass ociation between quantity and quality of immuno logic al parameters and in vivo protec ti on has not been demonstrated, the immunol og ical features of Spike-spec ifi c humora l and cellular immune r esponses s upport the utili zation of a heter ologous s trategy of vacc ine boos t in individuals who receiv ed Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
·medrxiv.org·
Differential immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous boost in Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients
Immunogenicity and efficacy of heterologous...
Immunogenicity and efficacy of heterologous...
Following severe adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine1,2, European health authorities have recommended that patients under the age of 55 who received one dose of ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine receive a second dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine as a booster. However, the effectiveness and the immunogenicity of this vaccination regimen have not been formally tested. Here, we show that the heterologous ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19/BNT162b2 combination confers better protection against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the homologous BNT162b2/BNT162b2 combination in a real-world observational study of healthcare workers (n=13121). To understand the underlying mechanism, we conducted a longitudinal survey of the anti-spike immunity conferred by each vaccine combination. Both combinations induced strong anti-spike antibody (Ab) responses but sera from heterologous vaccinated individuals displayed a stronger neutralizing activity, regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant. This enhanced neutralizing potential was correlated with increased frequencies of switched and activated memory B cells recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). The ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine induced a weaker IgG response but a stronger T cell response than the BNT162b2 vaccine after the priming dose, which could explain the complementarity of both vaccines when used in combination. The heterologous vaccination regimen could therefore be particularly suitable for immune compromised individuals.
·nature.com·
Immunogenicity and efficacy of heterologous...
Long-term immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccination in older people and younger health-care workers
Long-term immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccination in older people and younger health-care workers
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) is highly immunogenic and effective in preventing severe illness.1 Studies have indicated decreasing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations, but largely stable vaccine efficacy and effectiveness 6 months after vaccination.2,3 The emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), such as the delta (B.1.617.2) VOC, has raised concerns about waning protection, particularly in high-risk populations such as older people, who display lower immune responses to BNT162b2 vaccination than younger adults.
·thelancet.com·
Long-term immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccination in older people and younger health-care workers
SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of Parkinson's disease: facts and fantasy
SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of Parkinson's disease: facts and fantasy
During the pandemic it has become clear that severe acure respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes not just respiratory disease, but can affect multiple organs and tissues. Of note is the involvement of the CNS and PNS, and the fact that this involvement is independent from the severity of the respiratory disease. Acute and subacute neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infections are reported in up to 85% of patients, including those with severe COVID-19, but also in otherwise minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic people.
·thelancet.com·
SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of Parkinson's disease: facts and fantasy
Severe impairment of T-cell responses to BNT162b2 immunization in multiple myeloma patients | Blood | American Society of Hematology
Severe impairment of T-cell responses to BNT162b2 immunization in multiple myeloma patients | Blood | American Society of Hematology
Julius C Enssle, Julia Campe, Amelie Schwenger, Eliza Wiercinska, Helen Hellstern, Ralf Dürrwald, Michael A Rieger, Sebastian Wolf, Olivier Ballo, Björn Steffen
·ashpublications.org·
Severe impairment of T-cell responses to BNT162b2 immunization in multiple myeloma patients | Blood | American Society of Hematology
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Screening and Mitigation Measures for Primary School Children Attending School in Liège, Belgium | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Screening and Mitigation Measures for Primary School Children Attending School in Liège, Belgium | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network
This cohort study uses data from a primary school in Belgium to examine the possible role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
·jamanetwork.com·
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Screening and Mitigation Measures for Primary School Children Attending School in Liège, Belgium | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network
Transient expression of IL-1beta induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis - PubMed
Transient expression of IL-1beta induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis - PubMed
IL-1beta is one of a family of proinflammatory cytokines thought to be involved in many acute and chronic diseases. Although it is considered to participate in wound repair, no major role has been attributed to IL-1beta in tissue fibrosis. We used adenoviral gene transfer to transiently overexpress …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Transient expression of IL-1beta induces acute lung injury and chronic repair leading to pulmonary fibrosis - PubMed
Long‐lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein‐mediated inflammasome activation in COVID‐19 | EMBO Molecular Medicine
Long‐lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein‐mediated inflammasome activation in COVID‐19 | EMBO Molecular Medicine
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to hyperinflammatory syndromes in a subset of patients. We show that human primary macrophages require genome-wide transcriptional modifications for pro-inflammatory signal...
·embopress.org·
Long‐lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein‐mediated inflammasome activation in COVID‐19 | EMBO Molecular Medicine
Association Between Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Nonimmune Individuals and COVID-19 Immunity in Their Family Members | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network
Association Between Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Nonimmune Individuals and COVID-19 Immunity in Their Family Members | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network
This cohort study examines the spread of COVID-19 infection within family members living in the same residence with different levels of immunity.
·jamanetwork.com·
Association Between Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Nonimmune Individuals and COVID-19 Immunity in Their Family Members | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network
Using random forests to understand unrecognized progression to late-stage CKD, a case-control study
Using random forests to understand unrecognized progression to late-stage CKD, a case-control study
Abstract Background and objectives Patients with undiagnosed CKD are at increased risk of suboptimal dialysis initiation and therefore reduced access to home dialysis and transplantation as well as poor outcomes. Improved understanding of how patients remain undiagnosed is important to determine better intervention strategies. Design, setting, participants, and measurements A retrospective, matched, case-control analysis of 1,535,053 patients was performed to identify factors differentiating 4 patient types: unrecognized late-stage CKD, recognized late-stage CKD, early-stage CKD and a control group without CKD. The sample included patients with commercial insurance, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare fee-for service coverage. Patient demographics, comorbidities, health care utilization, and prescription use were analyzed using random forests to determine the most salient features discriminating the types. Models were built using all four types, as well as pairwise for each type versus the unrecognized late-stage type. Results Area under the curve for the three pairwise models (unrecognized late-stage vs recognized late-stage; unrecognized late-stage vs early-stage; unrecognized late-stage vs no CKD) were 82%, 68% and 82%. Conclusions The lower performance of the unrecognized late-stage vs early-stage model indicates a greater similarity of these two patient groups. The unrecognized late-stage CKD group is not simply avoiding or unable to get care in a manner distinguishable from the early-stage group. New outreach for CKD to undiagnosed or undetected, insured patients should look more closely at patient sets that are like diagnosed early-stage CKD patients. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This research was funded by the National Kidney Foundation and Optum Kidney Services. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The Medicare Fee-for-Service claims files held by OptumLabs, a certified CMS qualified entity, were approved for research re-use by CMS. This study used only de-identified data and obtained an IRB exemption from the New England Institutional Review Board (NEIRB). I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes While de-identified data was used, the data use agreements require that researchers apply directly to CMS and Optum Life Sciences for access to the data.
·medrxiv.org·
Using random forests to understand unrecognized progression to late-stage CKD, a case-control study
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness by Product and Timing in New York State
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness by Product and Timing in New York State
Background US population-based data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 3 currently FDA-authorized products is limited. Whether declines in VE are due to waning immunity, the Delta variant, or other causes, is debated. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 8,834,604 New York adults, comparing vaccine cohorts defined by product, age, and month of full-vaccination to age-specific unvaccinated cohorts, by linking statewide testing, hospital, and vaccine registry databases. VE was estimated from May 1, 2021 for incident laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases (weekly life-table hazard rates through September 3) and hospitalizations (monthly incidence rates through August 31). Results 155,092 COVID-19 cases and 14,862 hospitalizations occurred. Estimated VE for cases declined contemporaneously across age, products, and time-cohorts, from high levels beginning May 1 (1.8% Delta variant prevalence), to a nadir around July 10 (85.3% Delta), with limited changes thereafter (95% Delta). Decreases were greatest for Pfizer-BioNTech (−24.6%, −19.1%, −14.1% for 18-49, 50-64 years, and ≥65 years, respectively), and similar for Moderna (−18.0%, −11.6%, −9.0%, respectively) and Janssen (−19.2%, −10.8, −10.9%, respectively). VE for hospitalization for adults 18-64 years was 86% across cohorts, without time trend. Among persons ≥65 years, VE declined from May to August for Pfizer-BioNTech (95.0% to 89.2%) and Moderna (97.2% to 94.1%). VE was lower for Janssen, without trend, ranging 85.5%-82.8%. Conclusions Declines in VE for cases may have been primarily driven by factors other than waning. VE for hospitalizations remained high, with modest declines limited to Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna recipients ≥65 years, supporting targeted booster dosing recommendations. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement No external funding was received ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This work was determined to be exempt by the NYS DOH IRB. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Data in this manuscript are not publicly available.
·medrxiv.org·
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness by Product and Timing in New York State
Newborns passive humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity following heterologous vaccination of the mother during pregnancy - ScienceDirect
Newborns passive humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity following heterologous vaccination of the mother during pregnancy - ScienceDirect
Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were already described after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women equivalent to non-pregnant women2, with a correlation of maternal and neonatal antibody level3,4. Non-inferiority of heterologous vaccination, when 86 compared to homologous regimens, was recently reported in non-pregnant5. We detected vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG antibodies after vector-based prime vaccination in pregnancy with an average increase of more than one log10 level after mRNA-based boost. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was ruled out due to negative nucleocapsid IgG results. The observed immune response in pregnant women showed no significant difference to non-pregnant controls 16 weeks after initial vaccination (Mann-Whitney U test: p = .514). We found similar levels of anti-Spike IgG antibodies with high neutralization capacity in the cord serum, indicating a strong passive humoral immunity in the newborns.
·sciencedirect.com·
Newborns passive humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity following heterologous vaccination of the mother during pregnancy - ScienceDirect
Chise 🧬🧫🦠💉🔜 BWS GOH auf Twitter: "Yes, the vaccines ARE effective against the Delta variant. Yes, you will want both doses for maximum protection. Yes, they’re effective against preventing symptomatic infection, severe disease, AND hospitalization. Several studies have proven this now. Stop the misinformation." / Twitter
Chise 🧬🧫🦠💉🔜 BWS GOH auf Twitter: "Yes, the vaccines ARE effective against the Delta variant. Yes, you will want both doses for maximum protection. Yes, they’re effective against preventing symptomatic infection, severe disease, AND hospitalization. Several studies have proven this now. Stop the misinformation." / Twitter
Yes, the vaccines ARE effective against the Delta variant. Yes, you will want both doses for maximum protection. Yes, they’re effective against preventing symptomatic infection, severe disease, AND hospitalization. Several studies have proven this now. Stop the misinformation.
·twitter.com·
Chise 🧬🧫🦠💉🔜 BWS GOH auf Twitter: "Yes, the vaccines ARE effective against the Delta variant. Yes, you will want both doses for maximum protection. Yes, they’re effective against preventing symptomatic infection, severe disease, AND hospitalization. Several studies have proven this now. Stop the misinformation." / Twitter
(2) Lonni Besançon 🇫🇷 🇸🇪 auf Twitter: "You have probably seen this very popular paper among anti-vaxxers. There are however many problems with this paper that @Nibor_Tolum, Corentin Segalas, @LeyClem and I wrote about. We submitted this letter to the journal: https://t.co/OjlKYsDVpy Quick thread 1/n 🧵 https://t.co/DsB9ka730J" / Twitter
(2) Lonni Besançon 🇫🇷 🇸🇪 auf Twitter: "You have probably seen this very popular paper among anti-vaxxers. There are however many problems with this paper that @Nibor_Tolum, Corentin Segalas, @LeyClem and I wrote about. We submitted this letter to the journal: https://t.co/OjlKYsDVpy Quick thread 1/n 🧵 https://t.co/DsB9ka730J" / Twitter
You have probably seen this very popular paper among anti-vaxxers. There are however many problems with this paper that @Nibor_Tolum, Corentin Segalas, @LeyClem and I wrote about. We submitted this letter to the journal: https://t.co/OjlKYsDVpy Quick thread 1/n 🧵 https://t.co/DsB9ka730J
·twitter.com·
(2) Lonni Besançon 🇫🇷 🇸🇪 auf Twitter: "You have probably seen this very popular paper among anti-vaxxers. There are however many problems with this paper that @Nibor_Tolum, Corentin Segalas, @LeyClem and I wrote about. We submitted this letter to the journal: https://t.co/OjlKYsDVpy Quick thread 1/n 🧵 https://t.co/DsB9ka730J" / Twitter
Longitudinal immune dynamics of mild COVID-19 define signatures of recovery and persistence
Longitudinal immune dynamics of mild COVID-19 define signatures of recovery and persistence
SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 160 million and caused more than 3 million deaths to date. Most individuals (80%) have mild symptoms and recover in the outpatient setting, but detailed studies of immune responses have focused primarily on moderate to severe COVID-19. We deeply profiled the longitudinal immune response in individuals with mild COVID beginning with early time points post-infection (1-15 days) and proceeding through convalescence to 100 days after symptom onset. We correlated data from single cell analyses of peripheral blood cells, serum proteomics, virus-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and clinical metadata. Acute infection was characterized by vigorous coordinated innate and adaptive activation, including an early cellular and proteomic signature that correlated with the amplitude of virus- specific humoral responses after day 30. We characterized signals associated with recovery and convalescence to define a new signature of inflammatory cytokines, gene expression, and chromatin accessibility that persists in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).
·biorxiv.org·
Longitudinal immune dynamics of mild COVID-19 define signatures of recovery and persistence