Covid19-Sources

Post-Covid Syndrome (PCS) is the term used to describe long-term sequelae of COVID- 19 disease. This includes a variety of symptoms that may develop after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. They occur both in patients who had no or only mild symptoms in the first phase and were accordingly not hospitalized, as well as in those who have survived a (severe) COVID-19 illness. These after-effects may persist for months, affect different organs and even lead to incapacity to work. There is no treatment for the causes of PCS, so currently only the symptoms are treated. The proportion of COVID-19 patients who develop PCS is in the double-digit percentage range in adults and adolescents and is also relevant in children. Thus, a large proportion of those who are listed as recovered in the statistics suffer from the consequential damage of the disease for a longer period of time. Since there are only a few PCS centers so far, it is difficult for many patients to find competent contact points that can carry out adequate diagnostics, treatment and assessment of partial or complete occupational disability. For the group of children and adolescents, who have hardly been vaccinated so far, there is now - due to the gradual lifting of infection protection measures - an increased risk of becoming infected and contracting PCS. After a detailed presentation of the clinical picture, we propose in this toolbox the following measures for dealing with PCS in the German healthcare system: ● Prevention: Even in a situation of low incidence, it is advisable to further reduce and keep case numbers low through appropriate protective measures and to promote vaccination readiness. A general vaccination recommendation for children and adolescents should be considered in light of what is known about PCS and the expected dynamics of spread if protective measures are discontinued. ● Improving data on PCS: Representative retrospective studies and routine, possibly app-based, symptom screening after surviving infections would help to better assess the prevalence. Additionally, they would provide the data basis for early detection of PCS, the improvement of diagnostics and therapy, and the development and expansion of PCS patient care. ● Research funding: Interdisciplinary research collaborations are needed to gain a complete picture of the disease (and its psychosocial side effects), to investigate the as yet not understood causes of PCS, and to develop effective therapeutic options. ● Care capacities: In order to treat the many PCS patients in the best possible way, interdisciplinary PCS competence centers should be established at university hospitals, nationwide PCS outpatient clinics (also for children and adolescents) and specialized rehabilitation clinics. ● Education: Particularly in view of the persistent impairments that PCS sufferers can experience in their daily work, school life and social life, it is essential to provide good information for patients, medical professionals and the general public.

COVID-19-Patienten, die ins Spital müssen, erleiden häufig zusätzliche Komplikationen und Schäden an Organen. Junge Menschen sind ebenfalls stark gefährdet.

Viral infection and transmission in a large well-traced outbreak caused by the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant Baisheng Li1,2#, Aiping Deng1,2#, Kuibiao Li3#, Yao Hu1,2#, Zhencui Li1,2#, Qianling Xiong1,2,4, Zhe Liu1,2, Qianfang Guo1,2, Lirong Zou1,2, Huan Zhang1,2,Meng Zhang1,2, Fangzhu Ouyang1,2, Juan Su1,2, Wenzhe Su3, Jing Xu1,2, Huifang Lin1,2,4, Jing Sun1,2,4, Jingju Peng1,2,4, Huiming Jiang1,2,4, Pingping Zhou1,2,4, Huanying Zhen1,2, Jianpeng Xiao1,2,4, Tao Liu1,2,4, Rongfei Che1,2, Hanri Zeng1...

Complications and worse functional outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are high, even in young, previously healthy individuals. Acute complications are associated with reduced ability to self-care at discharge, with neurological complications being associated with the worst functional outcomes. COVID-19 complications are likely to cause a substantial strain on health and social care in the coming years. These data will help in the design and provision of services aimed at the post-hospitalisation care of patients with COVID-19.

CCDH finds ‘disinformation dozen’ have combined following of 59 million people across multiple social media platforms

We report here comparative data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in health-care workers in Hong Kong who received either the BNT162b2 vaccine (Comirnaty; Fosun–BioNTech) or the inactivated virus (vero cell) vaccine (Coronavac; Sinovac). We collected blood samples before vaccination, before the second dose, and 21–35 days after the second dose. We tested the samples for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using an ELISA to detect antibodies that bind to the receptor binding domain of the spike protein, testing ELISA-positive samples for neutralising antibodies with a surrogate virus neutralisation (sVNT) assay, and then a plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) with live SARS-CoV-2 virus.

PDF | This paper develops a sustainable way to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. The strategy presented here aims to avoid new infections, deaths and... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

This study identified key differences between those with a primary neurological disorder versus those with PIMS-TS. Compared with patients with a primary neurological disorder, more patients with PIMS-TS needed intensive care, but outcomes were similar overall. Further studies should investigate underlying mechanisms for neurological involvement in COVID-19 and the longer-term outcomes.

A new study describes the results of a macaque study that showed the development of neurological features of inflammation, following infection by SARS-CoV-2.

This post appears at the same time as this piece at grftr.news  by Jack Lawrence . Jack contacted me to ask if I could help him look at a nu...

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Welche Risikofaktoren für schwere Covid-19-Verläufe mit einer rheumatischen Grunderkrankung zusammenhängen, haben Experten der DGRh jetzt…

Tocilizumab is a humanised interleukin-6 receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody that is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-related conditions. Recently, tocilizumab has been investigated as a possible treatment for severe coronavirus-induced disease 2019 ( …

Growing evidence suggests that the coronavirus causes ‘brain fog’ and other neurological symptoms through multiple mechanisms.

No surprise that there is no herd immunity through natural infection with covid. https://t.co/U5xIbmR8Bo https://t.co/oQthFNQ8KB https://t.co/3dz9HDQk9o

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody neutralization response and its evasion by emerging viral variants and variant of concern (VOC) are unknown, but critical to understand reinfection risk and breakthrough infection following vaccination. Antibody immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens and Spike variants, inhibition of Spike-driven virus–cell fusion, and infectious SARS-CoV-2 neutralization were characterized in 807 serial samples from 233 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals with detailed demographics and followed up to 7 months. A broad and sustained polyantigenic immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid proteins, along with high viral neutralization, was associated with COVID-19 severity. A subgroup of “high responders” maintained high neutralizing responses over time, representing ideal convalescent plasma donors. Antibodies generated against SARS-CoV-2 during the first COVID-19 wave had reduced immunoreactivity and neutralization potency to emerging Spike variants and VOC. Accurate monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses would be essential for selection of optimal responders and vaccine monitoring and design.

Australian scientists researching how our immune system responds to COVID-19 have revealed that those infected by early variants in 2020 produced sustained antibodies, however, these antibodies are not as effective against contemporary variants of the virus.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in both acute and post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the mechanism of these effects is unknown. Here, we derive human brain organoids with innately developing microglia to investigate the cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection on a single cell level. We find evidence of limited tropism to SARS-CoV-2 for all major cell types and observe extensive neuronal cell death that also include non-infected cells. Single cell transcriptome profiling reveals distinct responses in microglia and astrocytes that share features with cellular states observed in neurodegenerative diseases, includes upregulation of genes with relevance for synaptic stripping, and suggests altered blood brain barrier integrity. Across all cell types, we observe a global translational shut-down as well as altered carbohydrate metabolism and cellular respiration. Together, our findings provide insights into cellular responses of the resident brain immune cells to SARS-CoV-2 and pinpoint mechanisms that may be of relevance for the neuropathological changes observed in COVID-19 patients. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection relies on the binding of S protein (Spike glycoprotein) to ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) 2 in the host cells. Vascular endothelium can be infected by SARS-CoV-2,1 which triggers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and glycolytic shift.2 Paradoxically, ACE2 is protective in the cardiovascular system, and SARS-CoV-1 S protein promotes lung injury by decreasing the level of ACE2 in the infected lungs.3 In the current study, we show that S protein alone can damage vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by downregulating ACE2 and consequently inhibiting mitochondrial function.

In a recent study conducted at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA, scientists have identified six vaccine breakthrough cases caused by the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Background The long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in children remain poorly characterised. This study aimed to assess long-term outcomes in children previously hospitalised with Covid-19 and associated risk factors. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of children (≤

Thread BT vs. Delta: Weshalb beträgt die Wirksamkeit der BT Impfung laut Daten aus Schottland (Teil von GB) 79%, laut den (unveröffentlichten) Daten aus Israel jedoch bloß 64%? Es könnte daran liegen, dass die Israelis schneller geimpft haben. [1/9]

Hab ja gedacht, jeder hat jetzt kapiert, dass die mit #Homburg / #Bhakdi / #MWGFD verbandelte #Walach "Studie" haarsträubender Unfug ist - Homburg nicht 🤷‍♂️! Um es kurz zu machen, hänge ich einfach alle Widerlegungen kommentarlos hintereinander, ok? Bin faul heute 😂! #corona 1/12

Das Statistische Bundesamt bestätigt, dass die übergroße Zahl der Menschen, die 2020 der Pandemie zum Opfer fallen, nicht mit dem Virus sterben, sondern direkt am Virus. Immer wieder behaupten insbesondere Gegner der Corona-Maßnahmen zudem, diese führten zu mehr Suiziden. Dazu gibt es nun verlässliche Zahlen.

Variants of SARS-CoV-2 are evolving under a combination of immune selective pressure in infected hosts and natural genetic drift, raising a global alarm regarding the durability of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we conducted longitudinal analysis over 1.8 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 183 countries or territories to capture vaccination-associated viral evolutionary patterns. To augment this macroscale analysis, we performed viral genome sequencing in 23 vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 patients and 30 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients for whom we also conducted machine-augmented curation of the electronic health records (EHRs). Strikingly, we find the diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 lineages is declining at the country-level with increased rate of mass vaccination (n = 25 countries, mean correlation coefficient = −0.72, S.D. = 0.20). Given that the COVID-19 vaccines leverage B-cell and T-cell epitopes, analysis of mutation rates shows neutralizing B-cell epitopes to be particularly more mutated than comparable amino acid clusters (4.3-fold, p < 0.001). Prospective validation of these macroscale evolutionary patterns using clinically annotated SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences confirms that vaccine breakthrough patients indeed harbor viruses with significantly lower diversity in known B cell epitopes compared to unvaccinated COVID-19 patients (2.3-fold, 95% C.I. 1.4-3.7). Incidentally, in these study cohorts, vaccinated breakthrough patients also displayed fewer COVID-associated complications and pre-existing conditions relative to unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. This study presents the first known evidence that COVID-19 vaccines are fundamentally restricting the evolutionary and antigenic escape pathways accessible to SARS-CoV-2. The societal benefit of mass vaccination may consequently go far beyond the widely reported mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and amelioration of community transmission, to include stemming of rampant viral evolution. ### Competing Interest Statement nference collaborates with biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics companies on data science initiatives unrelated to this study. These collaborations had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. JCO receives personal fees from Elsevier and Bates College, and receives small grants from nference, Inc, outside the submitted work. ADB is a consultant for Abbvie and Flambeau diagnostics, is a paid member of the DSMB for Corvus pharmaceuticals, Equilium, and Excision biotherapeutics, has received fees for speaking for Reach MD, owns equity for scientific advisory board positions in nference and Zentalis, and is founder and President of Splissen therapeutics. JH, JCO, GJG, AWW, AV, MDS, and ADB are employees of the Mayo Clinic. The Mayo Clinic may stand to gain financially from the successful outcome of the research. nference and Mayo Clinic have filed a provisional patent application associated with this study. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and is being conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. ### Funding Statement No external funding was received for this study ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This is a retrospective study of individuals who underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic Health System care facilities. This study was reviewed by the Mayo Clinic institutional review board and determined to be exempt from human subject research. Subjects were excluded if they did not have a research authorization on file. All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes After publication, the data will be made available to others upon reasonable requests to the corresponding author. A proposal with detailed description of study objectives and statistical analysis plan will be needed for evaluation of the reasonability of requests.

Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Infection and Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing-Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variants

AbstractBackground. Long COVID is defined as the persistence of symptoms beyond 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. To better understand the long-term course a