Covid19-Sources

Haematology; Pregnancy; Immunology; Stem cells research; Developmental biology

Preschool-age children mount a different adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 than adults.

COVID-19 patients who experienced loss of smell showed long-term brain changes, including structural thinning, decreased white matter integrity, and altered decision-making behavior, suggesting potential neurological consequences even after recovery.

A pathogen capture and neutralizing spray (PCANS) is reported to prevent respiratory infections through a multi-modal approach. PCANS coats the nasal cavity, capturing large respiratory droplets and ...

Liverpool – Ein Jahr nach einer schweren Erkrankung an COVID-19, die eine Hospitalisierung erforderlich machte, hatten Teilnehmer einer britischen...

The 2019 outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has caused a major worldwide health crisis with high rates of morbidity and death. Interestingly, it has also been linked to cancer, which begs the issue of whether it plays a role in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have revealed various mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 can influence oncogenic pathways, potentially promoting cancer development. The virus encodes several proteins that alter key signaling pathways associated with cancer hallmarks. Unlike classical oncogenic viruses, which transform cells through viral oncogenes or by activating host oncogenes, SARS-CoV-2 appears to promote tumorigenesis by inhibiting tumor suppressor genes and pathways while activating survival, proliferation, and inflammation-associated signaling cascades. Bioinformatic analyses and experimental studies have identified numerous interactions between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and cellular components involved in cancer-related processes. This review explores the intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer, focusing on the regulation of key hallmarks driving initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by viral proteins. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving cellular transformation, the potential of SARS-CoV-2 as an oncovirus is highlighted. Comprehending these interplays is essential to enhance our understanding of COVID-19 and cancer biology and further formulating strategies to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 influence on cancer consequences. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of SARS-CoV-2 associated alterations contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. PI3K/ AKT/mTOR: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B/ Mammalian Target of Rapamycin; TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor-beta; VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; JNK, Jun N-terminal Kinase; HDAC, Histone Deacetylase; DNMT, DNA Methyltransferase; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha; pRB, Retinoblastoma Protein. This image was created using BioRender software.

Nature Medicine - The rapid waning of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibodies observed after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may be accounted for by the absence of long-lived plasma cells in...

PDF | On Jan 4, 2023, Ziad Fajloun and others published COVID-19 and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: the dangers of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

The primary life-limiting pulmonary morbidity of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by pulmonary endothelialitis, microangiopathy, and aberrant angiogenesis (1). Although numerous studies have highlighted the pronounced microangiopathy in pulmonary circulation, the impact of the bronchial vascular system has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed complete lung lobes from three male patients (age, 63.7 ± 14.2 years; hospitalization time, 22 ± 1 days, mechanically ventilated) who succumbed to severe COVID-19 using conventional computed tomography, histology, microvascular corrosion casting, and hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (2). We used three control lungs from body donors (age, 78.3 ± 13.6 yr; nonventilated, two females and one male died from cerebral stroke or uterine carcinoma). In pulmonary computed tomography angiography, we found the previously reported pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 lung injury in the form of bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities, peribronchial consolidations, and peripheral macrovascular congestion (3) (Figures 1A and 1B). Peribronchial and perivascular microvessels (vasa vasorum) were distinctly dilated (Figures 1C–1F). This intrapulmonary shunting by the bronchial circulation (Figure 2A) accounts for the continued perfusion in a variety of airway conditions, such as inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic thromboembolism (3). In severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the microvascular architecture of the peribronchial vessels showed a microvascular architecture with densely packed aberrant bundles of blood vessels (Figures 2B–2E). The expansion of the peribronchial plexus is mainly driven by intussusceptive angiogenesis as evidenced by the appearance of transluminal endothelial tissue pillars (Figures 2B–2D) (1, 4, 5).

Die Intensivmediziner Christian Karagiannidis und Steffen Weber-Carstens kritisieren Behauptungen des Bonner Virologen Hendrik Streeck über die Situation auf den Intensivstationen während der Hochpha

Nature Communications - For infections that affect peripheral tissues it is better to promote immune responses in these tissues. Here the authors characterise nasal mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific T...

Nature Communications - Factors that determine the cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the host cell receptor, ACE2, are poorly defined. Here, the authors show that tonic activation of the...

Pediatric Research - Post-COVID-19 condition in children: epidemiological evidence stratified by acute disease severity

Scientific Reports - RNA-Seq analysis of human heart tissue reveals SARS-CoV-2 infection and inappropriate activation of the TNF-NF-κB pathway in cardiomyocytes

Nature Communications - Characterization of clinical isolates of the cryptic fungal pathogen Aspergillus latus revealed traits that distinguish it from other species. Steenwyck et al show that A....

Nature - Fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and fibrin-targeting immunotherapy may represent a therapeutic intervention for patients with long COVID.

The wealth of genomic data that was generated during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an exceptional opportunity to obtain information on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, there is great interest to better understand how the effective reproduction number R e and the overdispersion of secondary cases, which can be quantified by the negative binomial dispersion parameter k , changed over time and across regions and viral variants. The aim of our study was to develop a Bayesian framework to infer R e and k from viral sequence data. First, we developed a mathematical model for the distribution of the size of identical sequence clusters, in which we integrated viral transmission, the mutation rate of the virus, and incomplete case-detection. Second, we implemented this model within a Bayesian inference framework, allowing the estimation of R e and k from genomic data only. We validated this model in a simulation study. Third, we identified clusters of identical sequences in all SARS-CoV-2 sequences in 2021 from Switzerland, Denmark, and Germany that were available on GISAID. We obtained monthly estimates of the posterior distribution of R e and k , with the resulting R e estimates slightly lower than resulting obtained by other methods, and k comparable with previous results. We found comparatively higher estimates of k in Denmark which suggests less opportunities for superspreading and more controlled transmission compared to the other countries in 2021. Our model included an estimation of the case detection and sampling probability, but the estimates obtained had large uncertainty, reflecting the difficulty of estimating these parameters simultaneously. Our study presents a novel method to infer information on the transmission of infectious diseases and its heterogeneity using genomic data. With increasing availability of sequences of pathogens in the future, we expect that our method has the potential to provide new insights into the transmission and the overdispersion in secondary cases of other pathogens. Author summary Pathogen transmission is a stochastic process that can be characterized by two parameters: the effective reproduction number R e relates to the average number of secondary cases per infectious case in the current conditions of transmission and immunity, and the overdispersion parameter k captures the variability in the number of secondary cases. While R e can be estimated well from case data, k is more difficult to quantify since detailed information about who infected whom is required. Here, we took advantage of the enormous number of sequences available of SARS-CoV-2 to identify clusters of identical sequences, providing indirect information about the size of transmission chains at different times in the pandemic, and thus about epidemic parameters. We then extended a previously defined method to estimate R e , k , and the probability of detection from this sequence data. We validated our approach on simulated and real data from three countries, with our resulting estimates compatible with previous estimates. In a future with increased pathogen sequence availability, we believe this method will pave the way for the estimation of epidemic parameters in the absence of detailed contact tracing data. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement EH, RH, and CA were supported or received funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation (No 196046). MW, JR, and CA were supported or received funding by the Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. JR was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (No 189498). CA received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program - project EpiPose (No 101003688). This project was supported by the ESCAPE project (101095619), funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HADEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. This work was funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government's Horizon Europe funding guarantee (grant number 10051037). This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 22.00482. EH was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation Starting Grant (TMSGI3_211225). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Sequence data are available via GISAID after registration, and are available in EPI\_SET\_240326pm (doi.org/10.55876/gis8.240326pm) for Switzerland, EPI\_SET\_240326mz (doi.org/10.55876/gis8.240326mz) for Denmark, and EPI\_SET\_240326uh (doi.org/10.55876/gis8.240326uh) for Germany; see also the supplementary tables 1-3. Code to generate identical sequence clusters from the starting alignments is available via github.com/emmahodcroft/sc2\_rk\_public. Functions for estimation of parameters and simulation of identical sequence clusters are available via the R package estRodis github.com/mwohlfender/estRodis. Code used for the analysis of data and results as well as the creation of plots and tables is available via github.com/mwohlfender/R\_overdispersion\_cluster_size. [https://github.com/emmahodcroft/sc2\_rk\_public][1] [https://github.com/mwohlfender/R\_overdispersion\_cluster_size][2] [1]: https://github.com/emmahodcroft/sc2_rk_public [2]: https://github.com/mwohlfender/R_overdispersion_cluster_size

Background In the post-pandemic period, COVID-19 continues to cause significant numbers of hospitalisations and deaths. We describe this burden and compare it to the burden of influenza in the first two post-pandemic years in Denmark. Methods A cohort study including residents in Denmark from May 16, 2022, to June 7, 2024. Data were obtained from national registries, including information on Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test-positive COVID-19 and influenza admissions, mortality within 30 days of admission, sex, age, COVID-19 and influenza vaccination, comorbidity, and living in long-term care facility for elderly. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) to compare rates of admissions between COVID-19 and influenza. To assess severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients, we used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of 30-day mortality between COVID-19 and influenza. Results Among 5,899,170 individuals, admissions with COVID-19 (n=24,687) were more frequent than admissions with influenza (n=8,682; aIRR 2.01, 95%CI 1.37-2.95), in particular during the first year (p=0.01), in the summer (p

This cross-sectional study uses US mortality data to assess monthly rates of sudden unexpected infant death and sudden infant death syndrome before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Incomplete resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung with viral residue, chronic inflammatory and fibrotic damage and alveolar-bronchiolization impaired respiratory function. Aberrant activation of CK14+ basal cells during tissue regeneration led to persistent alveolar-bronchiolization due to sustained Notch signaling. This study advances our understanding of respiratory PASC, sheds light on disease management and highlights the necessity for monitoring disease progression in people with respiratory PASC.

Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction play critical roles in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and Long-COVID. We hypothesized that a supplementation combining -Arginine (to improve endothelial function) and Vitamin ...

Dringt das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in die Lunge ein, richtet es massive Gewebeschäden an. Eine charakteristische Folge der Infektion ist unter anderem die Verstopfung der Lungengefäße wegen einer lokal überschießenden Blutgerinnung.

Ein Forschungsteam der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) zeigt erstmals auf, wie die Entzündung bei Covid‑19 die kleinsten Gefäße im Herzen verändert.

SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) mediating specific humoral immunity have been identified in the human bone marrow (BM) after …

Nature Communications - SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been updated to include antigens from new variants. Here, the authors analyse data from published studies to investigate whether updating vaccines...

ords coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and ischemic stroke. A random-effects model was estimated, and subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were performed. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 26 eligible studies with 307,800 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results show that in-hospital and 90-day mortality was 3.31-fold higher in AIS with SARS-CoV-2 patients compared with those without SARS-CoV-2. When matched for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, the risk ratio of in-hospital mortality from AIS among patients with SARS-CoV-2 versus without decreased to 2.83. Reperfusion therapy and endovascular thrombectomy may further reduce the risk of death in patients to some extent but do not increase the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Meta-regression showed that in-hospital mortality decreased with increasing National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in AIS with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those without SARS-CoV-2 and that the difference in mortality risk between the 2 was independent of age and sex. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that AIS patients with SARS-CoV-2 have higher short-term mortality compared to AIS patients without SARS-CoV-2, and reperfusion and endovascular thrombectomy therapy may reduce the risk of short-term mortality to some extent. The differences in in-hospital mortality risk were similar across ages and sexes. Focused attention is therefore needed on AIS patients with SARS-CoV-2 to control mortality....

Scientific Reports - Altered functional brain connectivity, efficiency, and information flow associated with brain fog after mild to moderate COVID-19 infection

NEW DELHI: In a five-year-long study analysis over its cardiac patients, Aakash Healthcare has found that the cases of heart attacks jumped more than double aft

DMZ – FORSCHUNG ¦ Sarah Koller ¦ Laut Bericht der New Indian Express verdeutlicht eine neue Untersuchung das Zusammenspiel von ST-Hebungsinfarkten (STEMI) und bereits vorhandenen Vorerkrankungen. In einer umfassenden fünfjährigen Analyse kardialer Patienten hat das Aakash Healthcare in Neu-Delhi festgestellt, dass die Fälle von Herzinfarkten bei Erwachsenen unter 40 Jahren in den Jahren nach der COVID-19-Pandemie mehr als doppelt so häufig auftreten. Besonders auffällig ist ein Anstieg von Notfällen um 60 Prozent. Diese Ergebnisse basieren auf der Untersuchung von 762 Fällen, die in den stationären und Notfallbereichen des Krankenhauses zwischen Mai 2018 und Oktober 2023 behandelt wurden. Die Studie unterscheidet dabei drei Zeiträume: vor der Pandemie, während der Pandemie und nach der Pandemie, jeweils über 22 Monate hinweg. Dr. Harpeet Kaur, ärztliche Leiterin des Aakash Healthcare, äußerte sich besorgt über die Erkenntnisse: „Die Ergebnisse zeichnen ein beunruhigendes Bild der kardiovaskulären Risiken in einer sich wandelnden Gesundheitslandschaft. Diese Zahlen verdeutlichen die Dringlichkeit, die zugrunde liegenden Zusammenhänge genauer zu untersuchen und präventive Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.“ Besonders beunruhigend ist der Anstieg von ST-Hebungsinfarkten (STEMI), einer schwerwiegenden Form des Herzinfarkts, bei jüngeren Menschen. Während alle Altersgruppen einen Anstieg der STEMI-Fälle nach COVID-19 verzeichneten, war der Zuwachs in der Altersgruppe unter 40 Jahren besonders dramatisch: Die Zahl der Fälle verdreifachte sich im Vergleich zur Zeit vor der Pandemie. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Studie eine enge Verbindung zwischen STEMI und bereits vorhandenen Gesundheitsproblemen wie Diabetes. Der Anteil diabetischer Patienten unter den STEMI-Fällen stieg nach der Pandemie um 50 Prozent an. Auch ein Anstieg von Bluthochdruck-Fällen wurde beobachtet, dieser war jedoch statistisch nicht signifikant. Dr. Aashish Chaudhry, Geschäftsführer des Aakash Healthcare, betonte die Dringlichkeit weiterer Forschungen: „Die statistisch signifikante Verbindung zwischen COVID-19 und der Verschlechterung der metabolischen Gesundheit sowie deren Einfluss auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko erfordert dringend weitere Untersuchungen mit größeren Patientengruppen. Der Anstieg von STEMI-Fällen, insbesondere bei jüngeren Menschen und Diabetikern, macht präventive Maßnahmen unerlässlich.“ Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie werfen ein neues Licht auf die langfristigen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von COVID-19, insbesondere auf das Herz-Kreislauf-System. Angesichts der steigenden Zahl von Herzinfarkten bei jungen Erwachsenen müssen Gesundheitsbehörden verstärkt auf Prävention und Aufklärung setzen, um zukünftige Risiken zu minimieren. Zudem ist es erforderlich, weiterführende Studien durchzuführen, um das volle Ausmaß der kardiovaskulären Folgen der Pandemie zu verstehen.

Aspirin use may be associated with improved outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, a sufficiently powered randomized controlled trial is needed to assess whether a causal relationship exists between aspirin use and reduced lung injury and mortality in COVID-19 patients.