Covid19-Sources

Growing evidence suggests the neurobiological mechanism upholding post-COVID-19 depression mainly relates to immune response and subsequent unresolved…

Die Schrecken der Corona-Pandemie liegen größtenteils hinter uns. Jetzt zeigt sich: Die Impfung könnte jetzt sogar nachwirken – positiv.

The origin of SARS-CoV-2 has been intensely scrutinized, and epidemiological and genomic evidence has consistently pointed to Wuhan’s Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market as the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early cases were associated with this market, and environmental sequencing placed the common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity within the market. Phylogenetic analysis also suggested separate introductions of lineages A and B into the human population, a finding that can be tested with additional data. Here, we curated an expanded sequence dataset of early SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes, including newly available sequences from mid-January 2020. In this dataset, we found no additional support for previously proposed alternative progenitor sequences, or for any evolutionary intermediates between lineages A and B in the human population. Instead, we identified SARS-CoV-2 lineages that may have spread from the market, and additional samples of a sublineage of lineage A with three mutations, including one found in closely related bat coronaviruses. Although our analysis of early pandemic genomes suggests that this mutation is unlikely to characterize the immediate SARS-CoV-2 ancestor, it is more plausible than two previously proposed ancestral genomes. These findings reinforce the proposed emergence of SARS-CoV-2 from the wildlife trade at the Huanan market, demonstrating how new data continues to both solidify and clarify our understanding of how the pandemic began.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting the cardiovascular system have been reported, but evidence in young people is limited. Here, the authors quantify the incidence of a range of outcomes in children and adolescents using electronic health records from the United States.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Long COVID, a chronic condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection, has raised concerns regarding its effects on the male reproductive system, particularly viral persistence in immune-privileged sites, such as the testis. This study ...

Background Common complaints of long COVID patients are cardiac symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and a feeling of palpitations. The study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients with persistent cardiological symptoms occurring within 3 to 6 months after COVID-19. Differences in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), Holter ECG (electrocardiogram) and Echocardiography between people with and without persistent cardiological symptoms were evaluated. We also assessed whether the symptoms of anxiety and depression may be implicated in the clinical outcomes. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study of patients affiliated with the STOP-COVID registry who attended a follow-up visit 3–6 months after undergoing COVID-19. The visit assessed the clinical symptoms present and performed tests: ABPM, Holter ECG and Echocardiography. 504 patients additionally had GAD-2 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item) and PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) tests performed. Results The analysis included 1080 patients. At least 1 of the analyzed symptoms was present in 586 patients (54.3%). The most common symptom was fatigue (38.9%). Comparing patients with or without palpitations showed that the mean value of ventricular extrasystole was higher in the former group (p = 0.011). Comparing patients with and without cardiac symptoms, there were differences in the mean values of the PHQ-2 (p = 0.022) and GAD-2 (p  0.001) scales, as well as in the percentage of responses related to the risk of anxiety or depression. Conclusion Cardiological symptoms are common among health issues that patients must face after contracting COVID-19. People with palpitations had more excessive ventricular extrasystoles than patients without these symptoms. Trial registration Our retrospective study was based on analysis of medical data of patients with COVID-19 treated on out-patient basis in the STOP-COVID registry of the Polish Long-Covid Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier– NCT05018052, the registration date 29.05.2020). Consent to conduct the study was obtained from the Bioethics Committee of the District Medical Chamber in Lodz (no. KB-0115/2021).

NVX-CoV2373 is an adjuvanted, recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine that was shown to have clinical efficacy for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in phase 2b–3 trials in the United Kingdom and South Africa, but its efficacy had not yet been tested in North America. METHODS We conducted a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in the United States and Mexico during the first half of 2021 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NVX-CoV2373 in adults (≥18 years of age) who had not had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive two doses of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo 21 days apart. The primary objective was to determine vaccine efficacy against reverse- transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction–confirmed Covid-19 occurring at least 7 days after the second dose. Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe disease and against different variants was also assessed. RESULTS Of the 29,949 participants who underwent randomization between December 27, 2020, and February 18, 2021, a total of 29,582 (median age, 47 years; 12.6% ≥65 years of age) received at least one dose: 19,714 received vaccine and 9868 placebo. Over a period of 3 months, 77 cases of Covid-19 were noted — 14 among vaccine recipi- ents and 63 among placebo recipients (vaccine efficacy, 90.4%; 95% confidence inter- val [CI], 82.9 to 94.6; P0.001). Ten moderate and 4 severe cases occurred, all in placebo recipients, yielding vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe disease of 100% (95% CI, 87.0 to 100). Most sequenced viral genomes (48 of 61, 79%) were variants of concern or interest — largely B.1.1.7 (alpha) (31 of the 35 genomes for variants of concern, 89%). Vaccine efficacy against any variant of concern or interest was 92.6% (95% CI, 83.6 to 96.7). Reactogenicity was mostly mild to moderate and transient but was more frequent among NVX-CoV2373 recipients than among placebo recipients and was more frequent after the second dose than after the first dose. CONCLUSIONS NVX-CoV2373 was safe and effective for the prevention of Covid-19. Most break- through cases were caused by contemporary variant strains. (

Many health problems persisted up to 3 years post-discharge, with self-reported fatigue and cognitive problems worsening in the third year. PEM was common, and linked to a more severe phenotype of long COVID. These findings highlight the urgent need to optimize treatment options and investigate underlying pathological mechanisms of COVID-19.

Experts are increasingly coalescing around the 'immunity theft' hypothesis, which says COVID leaves us vulnerable to other infections

Medical News: American Scientists Reveal the Critical Role of a Tiny Hidden Cut in the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spike That Supercharges Its Ability to Infect Human Cells A new study led by researchers from Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, the Institute for Protein Innovation, Dexorgen Inc., The Harvard Cryo-EM Center for Structural Biology, and Georgetown University has uncovered...

Background A rise in paediatric cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin (AHUO) was observed in 2022, some requiring liver transplantation. A link to adeno-associated virus 2 infection and CD4+T-cell mediated disease was reported in cohorts in the UK and USA but does not explain all cases. Objective To determine the intrahepatic immune cell interactions in the inflamed liver and a possible contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design Patients with acute non-A non-E hepatitis (10/12 AHUO, 2/12 subacute) during February 2022–December 2022 undergoing liver biopsy were recruited in a European patient cohort. Hepatological, virological, histopathological and highly multiplexed spatial and single-cell analyses of liver biopsies were performed. Results Patients were negative for adenoviral and SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Three patients had a positive adenoviral serology and 10/12 patients had a history or serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Imaging mass cytometry identified significant intrahepatic immune infiltration with an enrichment of CD8+T-cells. The highest CD8 infiltration and concomitant peripheral immune activation were observed in patients with the most severe hepatitis. CD8+T-cell infiltration was connected to histomorphological interface hepatitis and bridging necrosis. Cellular neighbourhood analysis indicated disease-associated microanatomic interactions between CX3CR1+ endothelial and myeloid cell populations, interacting with effector CD8+T-cells suggesting a pathogenic cellular triad. Of note, we detected intrahepatic SARS-CoV-2 antigens in ACE2-expressing cells in the areas with significant pathology in 11/12 samples using several different detection methods. 10/12 patients were treated with corticosteroid therapy and no liver transplantation was required. Conclusions We identified a possible manifestation of an immune-mediated postacute sequel to COVID-19 associated with a characteristic immune infiltrate in children with AHUO. COVID-19 testing should be considered in paediatric AHUO. Data are available in a public, open access repository. The imaging data and high-resolution versions of the figures illustrating IMC data are available at zenondo.org (reference: 40) 10.5281/zenodo.14097945. The clinical data isare listed in tables in this manuscript.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare systems, including the management of emergency general surgery. Even though the pandemic ended, the new variants are continuously emerging, making it necessary to standardized the management protocols of emergency general surgery in COVID patients. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the outcomes of emergency general surgery in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients, focusing on mortality, postoperative complications, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admissions. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, including studies published between December 2019 and the present. Observational studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes of emergency general surgery in adult patients with and without COVID-19 were included. A random-effects meta-analysis model was employed, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot. Results: The analysis included 10 studies encompassing 7559 patients (3118 COVID19 group, 4441 non-COVID19 group). COVID-19 group patients demonstrated significantly higher mortality having odds ratio (OR) of 3.0036 (95% CI: 2.4263, 3.7184) and risk ratio (RR) of 2.8333 (95% Cl: 2.3127, 3.4712). Conclusion: Emergency general surgery in COVID-19 patients is associated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality, higher complication rates, and increased ICU admissions. These findings highlight the need for tailored perioperative strategies for COVID patients to mitigate risks.

DMZ – FORSCHUNG ¦ Lena Wallner ¦ Psychosomatische Belastung bei Post-COVID stärker als bei Asthma oder COPD – Neue Studie zeigt weitreichende Folgen für Lebensqualität Post-COVID-Patient:innen leiden deutlich stärker unter psychosomatischen Beschwerden als Menschen mit Asthma oder COPD. Eine aktuelle Studie aus einer Rehabilitationsklinik belegt: Die somatische Belastungsstörung (Somatic Symptom Disorder, SSD) wirkt sich bei Post-COVID-Betroffenen gravierender auf den Alltag aus als bei anderen chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen. Die Autor:innen fordern Konsequenzen für Diagnostik und Therapie. In einer Querschnittsstudie, publiziert in der Fachzeitschrift Scientific Reports (April 2025), untersuchte ein Team um den Allgemeinmediziner Prof. Antonius Schneider von der Technischen Universität München die Zusammenhänge zwischen somatischer Belastung, Angst, Depression und Einschränkungen im Alltag bei insgesamt 371 Patient:innen einer pneumologischen Rehabilitationsklinik. 161 der Teilnehmenden litten an einem Post-COVID-Syndrom (PCS), 121 an Asthma, 89 an chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Stärkster Einfluss bei Post-COVID durch somatische Belastung Besonders auffällig: Die somatische Belastungsstörung hatte bei den PCS-Patient:innen einen deutlich stärkeren Zusammenhang mit der Alltagsbeeinträchtigung (Odds Ratio 13,8) als bei den Gruppen mit Asthma (8,5) oder COPD (nicht signifikant). Während bei Asthma vor allem Angststörungen (ermittelt mit dem GAD-7-Fragebogen) und bei COPD depressive Symptome (gemessen mit dem PHQ-9) die stärksten Prädiktoren für Einschränkungen waren, stand bei PCS die somatische Belastung im Vordergrund. Auch die typischen PCS-Symptome – Fatigue, kognitive Einschränkungen und Atemnot – waren signifikant mit Einschränkungen des täglichen Lebens (DLI) assoziiert. Doch die Analyse zeigte, dass SSD bei PCS eine noch größere Rolle spielte. Die Befunde lassen den Schluss zu, dass PCS-Betroffene sich intensiver mit ihren körperlichen Symptomen auseinandersetzen – vermutlich auch, weil viele Beschwerden medizinisch bislang nur unzureichend erklärt werden können. Psychosoziale Versorgung bislang unzureichend Das Team um Schneider sieht dringenden Handlungsbedarf: „Die psychosoziale Belastung bei Post-COVID wird noch immer unterschätzt“, heißt es in der Publikation. Insbesondere somatische Belastungsstörungen sollten bei der Rehabilitationsplanung stärker berücksichtigt werden. Denn die Studie zeigt, dass der Einfluss von SSD auf das tägliche Leben bei PCS größer ist als bei etablierten chronischen Erkrankungen wie Asthma oder COPD – obwohl Post-COVID-Patient:innen im Durchschnitt rund zehn Jahre jünger waren. Im Vergleich zu anderen Patientengruppen berichteten die PCS-Betroffenen über die niedrigste Lebensqualität: Der gemessene EQ-5D-5L-Score lag bei 0,64 – deutlich unter dem Durchschnitt vergleichbarer Studien mit Asthma (0,82) und COPD (0,68–0,70). Parallel dazu waren depressive und ängstliche Symptome bei der PCS-Gruppe signifikant häufiger. Lungenfunktion zweitrangig bei PCS Ein weiteres zentrales Ergebnis: Während bei Asthma und COPD die eingeschränkte Diffusionskapazität der Lunge mit der Alltagsbeeinträchtigung korrelierte, spielte dieser Parameter bei PCS keine signifikante Rolle. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass organische Einschränkungen bei PCS in den Hintergrund treten – und psychosomatische Faktoren stärker gewichtet werden müssen. „Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sich PCS nicht allein mit klassischen medizinischen Parametern erfassen lässt“, betont Ko-Autor Alexander Hapfelmeier. „Die Einbindung psychosomatischer Diagnostik und Therapieangebote ist entscheidend.“ Interdisziplinäre Therapieansätze gefordert Die Studie empfiehlt eine stärkere Integration psychotherapeutischer Maßnahmen in die Behandlung chronischer Lungenerkrankungen. Dabei sollten die psychischen Belastungsmuster krankheitsspezifisch adressiert werden: etwa ein Fokus auf Angststörungen bei Asthma und auf SSD bei PCS. Die stationäre pneumologische Rehabilitation biete mit ihrem multiprofessionellen Ansatz ideale Voraussetzungen für eine solche ganzheitliche Versorgung. Zwar erlaubt die Querschnittsstudie keine kausalen Aussagen – doch sie verdeutlicht eindrücklich, dass insbesondere bei Post-COVID psychosoziale Faktoren eine Schlüsselrolle für das Erleben und die Bewältigung der Erkrankung spielen. „Eine bessere Versorgung dieser Patientengruppe kann nur gelingen, wenn somatische und psychische Aspekte gemeinsam betrachtet werden“, heißt es im Fazit der Forschenden. Fazit Die Studie liefert ein starkes Argument dafür, psychosomatische Störungen wie SSD bei Post-COVID systematisch zu diagnostizieren und zu behandeln. Während die medizinischen Ursachen vieler Langzeitfolgen von COVID-19 noch ungeklärt sind, zeigt sich klar: Die subjektive Belastung ist hoch, und sie lässt sich nicht allein durch organische Befunde erklären. Eine ganzheitliche Sicht auf die Erkrankung und individualisierte, interdisziplinäre Therapieansätze sind essenziell, um Betroffene wirksam zu unterstützen. > Zur Studie

The majority of COVID-19 neuroimaging literature focuses on the acute period after infection and clinically evident lesions. The chronic effects of CO…

Scientific Reports - Multimodal MRI analysis of COVID-19 effects on pediatric brain

Children who get COVID-19 again are more likely to experience long-term issues.

Test basiert auf Abfrage eines Katalogs von Beschwerden – einfache Anwendung für medizinisches Fachpersonal mittels Web-Applikation geplant

Our results suggest that a positive test for COVID-19 (vs a negative test) was associated with increased rates of diagnosis of various infections in the 12 months following an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The putative long-term effects of COVID-19 on the immune system and the propensity for infection with other pathogens should be further evaluated in future studies.

Recently, XEC and KP.3.1.1 have surpassed KP.3 to become the globally dominant lineages of SARS-CoV-2 due to the unique N-terminal domain (NTD) mutations, including Ser31del in KP.3.1.1 and Thr22Asn and Phe59Ser in XEC.1–7 However, several sublineages of JN.1 are increasingly out-competing XEC and KP.3.1.1, exhibiting superior growth advantages; for example, LF.7.2.1, MC.10.1, NP.1, and, most importantly, LP.8.1 (figure A, B). Notably, LF.7.2.1 contains an additional Ala475Val mutation compared with LF.7, which carries the Ser31Pro, Lys182Arg, Arg190Ser, and Lys444Arg mutations on spike, and has rapidly spread from Qatar to the Middle East and Europe.

IMPORTANCE Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) remains a major public health challenge. While previous studies have focused on characterizing PASC and identifying its subphenotypes in children and adolescents following an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, the risks of PASC with Omicron-variant reinfections remain unclear. Using a real-world data approach, this study investigates the risks of PASC following reinfections during the Omicron phase in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the risks of PASC diagnosis and 24 PASC symptoms and conditions after reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 during Omicron period in the pediatric population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used data from the RECOVER consortium comprising 40 children's hospitals and health institutions in U.S. between January 2022 and October 2023. EXPOSURES A second SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) or antigen tests, or a diagnose of COVID-19, occurring at least 60 days after the initial infection, compared to the initial infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES PASC was identified using two approaches: (1) the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code U09.9 and (2) a symptom-based definition including 24 physician-identified symptoms and conditions. Absolute risks of incident PASC were reported, and relative risks (RRs) were calculated by comparing the second infection episode with the first infection episode groups using a modified Poisson regression model, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and healthcare utilization factors through exact matching and propensity scoring matching. RESULTS A total of 465,717 individuals under 21 years old (mean [SD] age 8.17 [6.58] years; 52% male) were included. Compared to the first infection, a second infection was associated with significantly increased risk of an overall PASC diagnosis (RR, 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-2.59), and with many specific conditions including: myocarditis (RR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.46-8.86); changes in taste and smell (RR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.41-5.67); thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism (RR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.71-3.04); heart disease (RR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.28); acute kidney injury (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.61); fluid and electrolyte (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.62 to 2.20); generalized pain (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.95); arrhythmias (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.45-1.74); abnormal liver enzyme (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.96); fatigue and malaise (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.64); musculoskeletal pain (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.37 to 1.54); abdominal pain (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.50); postural orthostatic tachycardia syndromes (POTS)/dysautonomia (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.51); cognitive functions (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.50); and respiratory signs and symptoms (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.33). The risks were consistent across various organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children and adolescents face significantly higher risk of various PASC outcomes after reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. These findings suggest a cumulative risk of PASC and highlight the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies to reduce reinfections, which includes an increased emphasis on initial or re-vaccination of children. ### Competing Interest Statement Dr. Jhaveri is a consultant for AstraZeneca, Seqirus, Gilead, Sanofi; receives an editorial stipend from the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society; research support from GSK; and royalties from Up To Date/Wolters Kluwer. All other co-authors have no conflicts of interest to report. ### Funding Statement This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Agreement OT2HL161847-01 as part of the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) program of research. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: Ethnics committee/IRB of University of Pennsylvania waived ethical approval for this work. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request.

Nosocomial infections are costly, and airborne transmission is increasingly recognized as important for spread. Air cleaning units (ACUs) may reduce transmission, but little research has focused on their effectiveness on open wards. Aim To assess whether ACUs reduce nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), or other, infections on older adult inpatient wards. Methods This was a quasi-experimental before-and-after study on two intervention–control ward pairs in a UK teaching hospital. Infections were identified using routinely collected electronic health record data during 1 year of ACU implementation and the preceding year (‘core study period’). Extended analyses included 6 months of additional data from one ward pair following ACU removal. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated through Cox regression controlling for age, sex, ward and background infection risk. The time that the ACUs were switched on was also recorded for Intervention Ward 2. Findings ACUs were initially feasible, but compliance reduced towards the end of the study (average operation in first vs second half of ACU time on Intervention Ward 2: 77% vs 53%). In total, 8171 admissions for 48 h (6112 patients, median age 85 years) were included. Overall, the incidence of ward-acquired SARS-CoV-2 was 3.8%. ACU implementation was associated with a non-significant trend of lower hazard for SARS-CoV-2 infection [HR core study period 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–1.52; HR extended study period 0.78, 95% CI 0.53–1.14]. Only 1.5% of admissions resulted in other notable ward-acquired infections. Conclusion ACUs may reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection to a clinically meaningfully degree. Larger studies could reduce uncertainty, perhaps using a crossover design, and factors influencing acceptability to staff and patients should be explored further.

Eine retrospektive Analyse von Daten der neurologischen Notfallambulanz des Universitätsklinikums Essen zeigt einen signifikanten Anstieg der Patientenzahlen nach der ersten Medienberichterstattung über Sinusvenenthrombosen als möglicher Folge der COVID-19-Impfung im Jahr 2021. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein medieninduzierter Nocebo-Effekte dabei eine bedeutende Rolle spielte.​

There are many reasons to doubt the conclusions of that viral “post-vaccination syndrome” study.

imageimageInnate immune memory enables enhanced responses to antigens through long-lasting epigenetic changes triggered by initial exposure. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces innate immune memory by establishing persistent H3K27ac epigenetic ...

There are limited approaches to monitor virus spread in vivo. Here, the authors report PET/CT-based in vivo imaging to track SARS-CoV-2 biodistribution in a COVID-19 non-human primate model using a radiolabeled human antibody revealing persistent detection in the lung and brain 3 months after infection.

Metabolic activity is the basic life activity of organisms and the fundamental for maintaining body functions. With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic disorder is also increasing. At present, most of the clinical treatment strategies and meta-analysis for metabolic disorder uncover that combined medicines with berberine ameliorate several metabolic disorders. However, evidence to disclose the therapeutic effect of berberine treatment alone and the possible factors affecting the efficacy is limited. Therefore, we have formulated strict inclusion criteria and selected more reliable data for meta-analysis through more refined screening strategies to provide evidence and guidance for clinical decision-making and understand the effect of berberine treatment alone and the factors affecting its efficacy. Methods and results: Using meta-analysis of “Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions” as guidelines, we searched PubMed, GeenMedical, Cochrane library, and china national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) for trials reporting clinical treatment data of berberine. Another 417 trials were included through other sources to increase confidence in results. Among the 1,660 related documents retrieved from the four databases, 18 eligible documents were selected for analysis. Given the differences in trial design and measurement units, we used the standardized mean difference (SMD) method to eliminate the differences and then summarize the data for analysis. The main factors are triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Random-effect model analysis was performed: TG (SMD: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.49,1.38; p = 0.00), TC (SMD: 1.06; 95%CI: 0.64, 1.48; p = 0.00), LDL (SMD: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.11,2.44; p = 0.00), HDL (SMD: −1.59; 95%CI: −2.32, −0.85; p = 0.00), HOMA-IR (SMD: 1.25; 95%CI: 0.25,2.24; p = 0.01), and FPG (SMD: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.28,1.03; p = 0.00). This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the therapeutic effect of berberine singly on metabolic diseases. Conclusion: Berberine can improve obesity and hyperlipidemia by reducing TG, TC, and LDL and increasing HDL; reduce insulin resistance to improve type Ⅱ diabetes; and prevent diabetic encephalopathy.

Abstract. SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is frequently associated with neurological manifestations. Despite the presence of mi

epigenetischen Veränderungen führten zu einem verstärkten „Ablesen“ von entzündungsfordernden Genen, was wiederum zur Produktion von Botenstoffen führte, die zahlreiche Immunzellen aktivieren können und somit deren Fähigkeit zur Bekämpfung von Infektionen verstärken. „Da es sich

Head outlines the key themes shaping life and health conversations

Stephenson, Pinto Pereira et al. investigate the proportion of children and young people with Post Covid-19 condition 24-months post-infection. Only 7.2% meet the definition consistently at 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-months post-infection, highlighting the importance of longitudinal studies.