Covid19-Sources

Nature Reviews Immunology - Understanding of the role of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection is of great importance for the design of next-generation vaccines. In this Perspective, Davenport and...

Scientific Reports - Induction of interferon response by high viral loads at early stage infection may protect against severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients

Despite some inconsistent reporting of symptoms, studies have demonstrated that at least 20% of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will remain asymptomatic. Although most global efforts have focused on understanding factors underlying severe illness in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019), the examination of asymptomatic infection provides a unique opportunity to consider early disease and immunologic features promoting rapid viral clearance. Owing to its critical role in the immune response, we postulated that variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may underly processes mediating asymptomatic infection. We enrolled 29,947 individuals registered in the National Marrow Donor Program for whom high-resolution HLA genotyping data were available in the UCSF Citizen Science smartphone-based study designed to track COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. Our discovery cohort (n=1428) was comprised of unvaccinated, self-identified subjects who reported a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2. We tested for association of five HLA loci (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1) with disease course and identified a strong association of HLA-B*15:01 with asymptomatic infection, and reproduced this association in two independent cohorts. Suggesting that this genetic association is due to pre-existing T-cell immunity, we show that T cells from pre-pandemic individuals carrying HLA-B*15:01 were reactive to the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 S-derived peptide NQKLIANQF, and 100% of the reactive cells displayed memory phenotype. Finally, we characterize the protein structure of HLA-B*15:01-peptide complexes, demonstrating that the NQKLIANQF peptide from SARS-CoV-2, and the highly homologous NQKLIANAF from seasonal coronaviruses OC43-CoV and HKU1-CoV, share similar ability to be stabilized and presented by HLA-B*15:01, providing the molecular basis for T-cell cross-reactivity and HLA-B*15:01-mediated pre-existing immunity. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This study was funded by grants R01AI159260 and 3U2CEB021881-05S1 from the National Institutes of Health, and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF), NHMRC SRF (#1159272). The CIBMTR is supported primarily by Public Health Service U24CA076518 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); HHSH250201700006C from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA); and N00014-20-1-2832 and N00014-21-1-2954 from the Office of Naval Research; Support is also provided by Be the Match Foundation, the Medical College of Wisconsin and the National Marrow Donor Program. The views expressed in this article do not reflect the official policy or position of the National Institute of Health, the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) or any other agency of the U.S. Government. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the UCSF Human Research Protection Program Institutional Review under approvals IRB# 17-21879, IRB# 20-30850, IRB# 20-30588, and IRB# 20-30479, and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data is provided in the manuscript and supplementary data

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC’s National Vitals Statistics System, we identified 1,522,669 AMI-associated deaths occurring between 4/1/2012 and 3/31/2022. Accounting for seasonality, we compared age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AMI-associated deaths between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, including observed versus predicted ASMR, and examined temporal trends by demographic groups and region. Before the pandemic, AMI-associated mortality rates decreased across all subgroups. These trends reversed during the pandemic, with significant rises seen for the youngest-aged females and males even through the most recent period of the Omicron surge (10/2021–3/2022). The semiannual percent change in the youngest and middle-age group in AMI-associated mortality increased by 5.3% (95%CI:1.6–9.1%) and 3.4% (95%CI:0.1–6.8%), respectively. The excess death, defined as the difference between the observed and the predicted mortality rates, was most pronounced for the youngest (25–44 year) aged decedents, ranging from 23–34% for the youngest compared to 13–18% for the oldest age groups. The trend of mortality suggests that age and sex disparities have persisted even through the recent Omicron surge, with excess AMI-associated mortality being most pronounced in younger-aged adults.

New data analysis from the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai found that deaths from heart attacks rose significantly during pandemic surges, including the COVID-19 Omicron surges, overall reversing a heart-healthier pre-pandemic trend.Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, heart attacks were the leading cause of death worldwide but were steadily on...

Die Tabelle zeigt zu jedem Meldezeitpunkt den aktuellen Stand des Versicherungsgeschehens seit Beginn der Pandemie. Die Werte, die für einen Monat angegeben sind, enthalten also immer auch die Werte der Vormonate. Dementsprechend bildet beispielsweise der Wert für den 31.12.2020 auch das Versicherungsgeschehen des ganzen Jahres ab.

We identified 45 viral exposures significantly associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and replicated 22 of these associations, including the association between the Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. As vaccines are available for some of the associated viruses, vaccination may be a way to reduce risk of neurodegenerative disease.

Background There is growing evidence of nervous system involvement and related complaints in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it seems that attempts to track of the virus in the nervous system have so far been unsuccessful. Case presentation Here we describe two pediatric cases of severe COVID-19 who had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). A 36-month-old girl who presented with fever, diarrhea, mild left ventricular dysfunction and bizarre movements, and a five-month-old boy who presented with fever, watery diarrhea, severe dehydration, mottling, and two episodes of seizure. Their CSF analyses and cultures were normal. They admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) for near four days and discharged after ten days without any complaint. Conclusion This is one of the first reports of the presence of coronavirus in the central nervous system in COVID-19 pediatric patients, emphasizing the neurotropism and neuroinvasion characteristics of the virus.

The oral protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir is expected to play a pivotal role for prevention of severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To facilitate monitoring of potentially emerging resistance, we studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) escape from nirmatrelvir. Resistant variants selected in cell culture harbored different combinations of substitutions in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Reverse genetic studies in a homologous infectious cell culture system revealed up to 80-fold resistance conferred by the combination of substitutions L50F and E166V. Resistant variants had high fitness increasing the likelihood of occurrence and spread of resistance. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that E166V and L50F+E166V weakened nirmatrelvir-Mpro binding. The SARS-CoV-2 polymerase inhibitor remdesivir retained activity against nirmatrelvir resistant variants and combination of remdesivir and nirmatrelvir enhanced treatment efficacy compared to individual compounds. These findings have implications for monitoring and ensuring treatment programs with high efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially emerging coronaviruses. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

The Alpha and Delta variants were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and severe disease. This risk decreased considerably with Omicron BA.1 an

Im Jahr 2021 wurden weniger Krebspatienten stationär in Kliniken versorgt - aber nicht weil weniger Menschen erkranken. Der Rückgang hat mit Corona zu tun.

With the ongoing surge of COVID-19 infections in China, many are shocked by its scale and worried about ...

Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a global threat. Examples are influenza (H1N1) caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus in 2009, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV-2 in 2019. Antiviral drugs and vaccines may be insufficient to prevent their spread. This is an update of a Cochrane Review last published in 2020. We include results from studies from the current COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of acute respiratory viruses. Search methods We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and two trials registers in October 2022, with backwards and forwards citation analysis on the new studies. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs investigating physical interventions (screening at entry ports, isolation, quarantine, physical distancing, personal protection, hand hygiene, face masks, glasses, and gargling) to prevent respiratory virus transmission.

Respiratory viral infections are the cause of severe diseases in humans. The outcome of the infection depends on the interaction of the pathogen with the immune system. The bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis and releases large numbers of leukocytes in response to inflammation. Here we show that during infection with influenza or Sendai virus the lung communicates with the sterile bone marrow through type I interferons. While in the bone marrow, leukocytes exposed to type I interferons activate an anti-viral transcriptional program and become resistant to infection with different viruses. The protected bone marrow leukocytes are capable of migrating to the infected lung and contribute to virus clearance. These findings show that appropriate instruction of cells during their development in the bone marrow is needed for the effective innate control of infection.

Bangor – Fast alle Flugzeuge, die im März 2022 an 3 Flughafen in Großbritannien landeten, hatten SARS-CoV-2 im Abwasser – unabhängig davon, ob die Passagiere vor dem Flug getestet worden waren oder nicht. Auch im Abwasser der Ankunftsterminals sei das Virus nachgewiesen worden, wie eine Studie in PLOS Global Public Health zeigt (2023; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001346).

This cross-sectional study evaluates whether COVID-19 is among the top 10 causes of death in children and young people aged 0 to 19 years in the US.

Conspiracy theories abound on the internet. They are wrong.

This comprehensive cross-sectional study demonstrates widespread infection of WTD with SARS-CoV-2 across the State of New York. We showed cocirculation of three major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs; Alpha, Delta, and Gamma) in this species, long after their last detection in humans. Interestingly, the viral sequences recovered from WTD were highly divergent from SARS-CoV-2 sequences recovered from humans, suggesting rapid adaptation of the virus in WTD. The impact of these mutations on the transmissibility of the virus between WTD and from WTD to humans remains to be determined. Together, our findings indicate that WTD—the most abundant large mammal in North America—may serve as a reservoir for variant SARS-CoV-2 strains that no longer circulate in the human population. Abstract The spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to white-tailed deer (WTD) and its ability to transmit from deer to deer raised concerns about the role of WTD in the epidemiology and ecology of the virus. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in WTD in the State of New York (NY). A total of 5,462 retropharyngeal lymph node samples collected from free-ranging hunter-harvested WTD during the hunting seasons of 2020 (Season 1, September to December 2020, n = 2,700) and 2021 (Season 2, September to December 2021, n = 2,762) were tested by SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT–PCR (rRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 17 samples (0.6%) from Season 1 and in 583 samples (21.1%) from Season 2. Hotspots of infection were identified in multiple confined geographic areas of NY. Sequence analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 164 samples demonstrated the presence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages and the cocirculation of three major variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, and Delta) in WTD. Our analysis suggests the occurrence of multiple spillover events (human to deer) of the Alpha and Delta lineages with subsequent deer-to-deer transmission and adaptation of the viruses. Detection of Alpha and Gamma variants in WTD long after their broad circulation in humans in NY suggests that WTD may serve as a wildlife reservoir for VOCs no longer circulating in humans. Thus, implementation of continuous surveillance programs to monitor SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in WTD is warranted, and measures to minimize virus transmission between humans and animals are urgently needed.

To investigate whether the risk of developing an incident autoimmune disease is increased in patients with previous COVID-19 disease compared to people without COVID-19. Method: A cohort was selected from German routine health care data covering 38.9 million individuals. Based on documented diagnoses, we identified individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 through December 31, 2020. Patients were matched 1:3 to control patients without COVID-19. Both groups were followed up until June 30, 2021. We used the four quarters preceding the index date until the end of follow-up to analyze the onset of autoimmune diseases during the post-acute period. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years were calculated for each outcome and patient group. Poisson models were deployed to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of developing an autoimmune disease conditional on a preceding diagnosis of COVID-19. Results: In total, 641,704 patients with COVID-19 were included. Comparing the incidence rates in the COVID- 19 (IR=15.05, 95% CI: 14.69-15.42) and matched control groups (IR=10.55, 95% CI: 10.25-10.86), we found a 42.63% higher likelihood of acquiring autoimmunity for patients who had suffered from COVID-19. This estimate was similar for common autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjögren syndrome. The highest IRR was observed for autoimmune disease of the vasculitis group. Patients with a more severe course of COVID-19 were at a greater risk for incident autoimmune diseases. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset autoimmune diseases after the acute phase of infection.

Nach einer Corona-Infektion steigt das Risiko einer Autoimmunerkrankung. Das belegt eine deutsche Studie. Doch weitere Forschungen sind nötig.

Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections may act as viral reservoirs that could seed future outbreaks 1-5, give rise to highly divergent lineages 6-8, and contribute to cases with post-acute Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequelae (Long Covid) 9,10. However, the population prevalence of persistent infections, their viral load kinetics, and evolutionary dynamics over the course of infections remain largely unknown. We identified 381 infections lasting at least 30 days, of which 54 lasted at least 60 days. These persistently infected individuals had more than 50% higher odds of self-reporting Long Covid compared to the infected controls, and we estimate that 0.09-0.5% of SARS-CoV-2 infections can become persistent and last for at least 60 days. In nearly 70% of the persistent infections we identified, there were long periods during which there were no consensus changes in virus sequences, consistent with prolonged presence of non-replicating virus. Our findings also suggest reinfections with the same major lineage are rare and that many persistent infections are characterised by relapsing viral load dynamics. Furthermore, we found a strong signal for positive selection during persistent infections, with multiple amino acid substitutions in the Spike and ORF1ab genes emerging independently in different individuals, including mutations that are lineage-defining for SARS-CoV-2 variants, at target sites for several monoclonal antibodies, and commonly found in immunocompromised patients 11-14. This work has significant implications for understanding and characterising SARS-CoV-2 infection, epidemiology, and evolution. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement The CIS was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care and the UK Health Security Agency with in-kind support from the Welsh Government, the Department of Health on behalf of the Northern Ireland Government and the Scottish Government. COG-UK is supported by funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) part of UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) (grant code: MC\_PC\_19027), and Genome Research Limited, operating as the Wellcome Sanger Institute. The authors acknowledge use of data generated through the COVID-19 Genomics Programme funded by the Department of Health and Social Care. ASW is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency (UK HSA) (NIHR200915) and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. TH is supported by the Royal Society and Alan Turing Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. KAL is supported by the Royal Society and the Wellcome Trust (107652/Z/15/Z). The research was supported by the Wellcome Trust Core Award Grant Number 203141/Z/16/Z with funding from the NIHR Oxford BRC. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Department of Health and Social Care or UKHSA. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The study received ethical approval from the South Central Berkshire B Research Ethics Committee (20/SC/0195) I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All genomic data have been made publicly available as part of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium 51. All other data, excluding personal clinical information on participants, are available in the main text, supplementary materials, or our GitHub repository (https://github.com/mg878/ONS-CIS_analysis).

The geographic and evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1), which was first detected mid-November 2021 in Southern Africa, remain unknown. We tested 13,097 COVID-19 patients sampled between mid-2021 to early 2022 from 22 African countries for BA.1 by real-time RT-PCR. By November-December 2021, BA.1 had replaced the Delta variant in all African sub-regions following a South-North gradient, with a peak Rt of 4.1. Polymerase chain reaction and near-full genome sequencing data revealed genetically diverse Omicron ancestors already existed across Africa by August 2021. Mutations, altering viral tropism, replication and immune escape, gradually accumulated in the spike gene. Omicron ancestors were therefore present in several African countries months before Omicron dominated transmission. These data also indicate that travel bans are ineffective in the face of undetected and widespread infection.

Measles virus that persists in the body can develop mutations in the F protein, which controls how the virus infects cells. The mutated protein can interact with its normal form, making it capable of infecting the brain.

In Sozialen Netzwerken kursiert die Falschinformation, das Rote Kreuz in den USA erlaube Covid-19-Geimpften nicht, Blut zu spenden. Das ist falsch.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect the world, and the design of strategies to curb disease outbreaks requires close monitoring of their trajectories. We present machine learning methods that leverage internet-based digital traces to anticipate sharp increases in COVID-19 activity in U.S. counties. In a complementary direction to the efforts led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), our models are designed to detect the time when an uptrend in COVID-19 activity will occur. Motivated by the need for finer spatial resolution epidemiological insights, we build upon previous efforts conceived at the state level. Our methods—tested in an out-of-sample manner, as events were unfolding, in 97 counties representative of multiple population sizes across the United States—frequently anticipated increases in COVID-19 activity 1 to 6 weeks before local outbreaks, defined when the effective reproduction number Rt becomes larger than 1 for a period of 2 weeks.

Background: In the EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for Covid-19 in High-Risk Patients) trial, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir led to an 89% reduction in hospitalization or death among unvaccinated outpatients with early COVID-19. The clinical impact of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir among vaccinated populations is uncertain. Objective: To assess whether nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduces risk for hospitalization or death among outpatients with early COVID-19 in the setting of prevalent SARS-CoV-2 immunity and immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Design: Population-based cohort study analyzed to emulate a clinical trial using inverse probability–weighted models to account for anticipated bias in treatment. Setting: A large health care system providing care for 1.5 million patients in Massachusetts and New Hampshire during the Omicron wave (1 January to 17 July 2022). Patients: 44 551 nonhospitalized adults (90.3% with ≥3 vaccine doses) aged 50 years or older with COVID-19 and no contraindications for nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. Measurements: The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalization within 14 days or death within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: During the study period, 12 541 (28.1%) patients were prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir, and 32 010 (71.9%) were not. Patients prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir were more likely to be older, have more comorbidities, and be vaccinated. The composite outcome of hospitalization or death occurred in 69 (0.55%) patients who were prescribed nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir and 310 (0.97%) who were not (adjusted risk ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.75]). Recipients of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir had lower risk for hospitalization (adjusted risk ratio, 0.60 [CI, 0.44 to 0.81]) and death (adjusted risk ratio, 0.29 [CI, 0.12 to 0.71]). Limitation: Potential residual confounding due to differential access to COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostic tests, and treatment. Conclusion: The overall risk for hospitalization or death was already low (1%) after an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19, but nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduced this risk further. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

The BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine has been shown to be safe with regard to risk for severe cardiovascular events (such as myocardial infarction [MI], pulmonary embolism [PE], and stroke) in persons aged 75 years or older. Less is known about the safety of other COVID-19 vaccines or outcomes in younger populations. Objective: To assess short-term risk for severe cardiovascular events (excluding myocarditis and pericarditis) after COVID-19 vaccination in France's 46.5 million adults younger than 75 years. Design: Self-controlled case series method adapted to event-dependent exposure and high event-related mortality. Setting: France, 27 December 2020 to 20 July 2021.

Background and Objectives Acute arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) has been reported as a rare adverse event following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) or viral vector vaccines. However, data are sparse regarding the risk of postvaccination AIS and its potential association with thrombotic-thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), pharmacovigilance registries, registry-based studies, observational cohorts, and case-series was performed with the aim to calculate the following: (1) the pooled proportion of patients presenting with AIS following COVID-19 vaccination; (2) the prevalence of AIS after mRNA and vector-based vaccination; and (3) the proportion of TTS among postvaccination AIS cases. Patient characteristics were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results Two RCTs, 3 cohort studies, and 11 registry-based studies comprising 17,481 AIS cases among 782,989,363 COVID-19 vaccinations were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of AIS following exposure to any COVID-19 vaccine type was 4.7 cases per 100,000 vaccinations (95% CI 2.2–8.1; I 2 = 99.9%). The pooled proportion of AIS following mRNA vaccination (9.2 cases per 100,000 vaccinations; 95% CI 2.5–19.3; I 2 = 99.9%) did not differ compared with adenovirus-based vaccination (2.9 cases per 100,000 vaccinations; 95% CI 0.3–7.8; I 2 = 99.9%). No differences regarding demographics were disclosed between patients with AIS following mRNA-based or vector-based vaccination. The pooled proportion of TTS among postvaccination AIS cases was 3.1% (95% CI 0.7%–7.2%; I 2 = 78.8%). Discussion The pooled proportion of AIS following COVID-19 vaccination is comparable with the prevalence of AIS in the general population and much lower than the AIS prevalence among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–infected patients. TTS is very uncommonly reported in patients with AIS following COVID-19 vaccination. AIS= : acute ischemic stroke; COVID-19= : coronavirus disease 2019; CVST= : cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; LVO= : large vessel occlusion; mRNA= : messenger RNA; RCT= : randomized controlled clinical trial; SARS-CoV-2= : severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TTS= : thrombosis-thrombocytopenia syndrome

Die Sorge vor Nebenwirkungen einer Corona-Impfung ist nach wie vor groß. Studien zufolge erhöhen Impfungen aber nicht das Schlaganfallrisiko. Im Gegenteil.

Children have largely avoided severe COVID-19 symptoms because they have a strong initial 'innate' immune reaction that quickly defeats the virus.