Covid19-Sources

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The rapid development of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 has been a triumph of medical science, but vaccines only work if people take them. Although there is extensive evidence that COVID-19 vaccination does not affect fertility, misinformation that it could has been a major source of vaccine hesitancy among young women. As the vaccination program was rolled out to younger age groups, some people noticed menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination, and many members of the public found these reports concerning. Research was needed to generate robust data to inform health care professionals and the public about these potential side effects. Menstrual changes have been reported in association with a variety of vaccines, including those against pathogens other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), so a secondary aim of this work is to understand the mechanisms by which vaccine-associated menstrual changes could occur.

The question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by droplets or aerosols has been highly controversial. We sought to explain this controversy through a historical analysis of transmission research in other diseases. For most of human history, the dominant paradigm was that many diseases were carried by the air, often over long distances and in a phantasmagorical way. This miasmatic paradigm was challenged in the mid to late 19th century with the rise of germ theory, and as diseases such as cholera, puerperal fever, and malaria were found to actually transmit in other ways. Motivated by his views on the importance of contact/droplet infection, and the resistance he encountered from the remaining influence of miasma theory, prominent public health official Charles Chapin in 1910 helped initiate a successful paradigm shift, deeming airborne transmission most unlikely. This new paradigm became dominant. However, the lack of understanding of aerosols led to systematic errors in the interpretation of research evidence on transmission pathways. For the next five decades, airborne transmission was considered of negligible or minor importance for all major respiratory diseases, until a demonstration of airborne transmission of tuberculosis (which had been mistakenly thought to be transmitted by droplets) in 1962. The contact/droplet paradigm remained dominant, and only a few diseases were widely accepted as airborne before COVID-19: those that were clearly transmitted to people not in the same room. The acceleration of interdisciplinary research inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that airborne transmission is a major mode of transmission for this disease, and is likely to be significant for many respiratory infectious diseases.

1/ What were the historical reasons for the resistance to recognizing airborne transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic?Our peer-reviewed open-access paper is now published:https://t.co/2SuvreBOxK pic.twitter.com/ainqOsT2cA— Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez (@jljcolorado) August 23, 2022

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a life-threatening syndrome of aggressive thrombosis, often profound thrombocytopenia, an…

Scientific Reports - The distinctive structure and composition of arterial and venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli

The impact of COVID-19 virus infection during pregnancy is still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively pool the evidence on impact of COVID-19 infection on perinatal outcomes. Databases of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched using the keywords related to COVID-19 and perinatal outcomes from December 2019 to 30 June 2021. Observational studies comparing the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with a non-infected comparator were included. The screening process and quality assessment of the included studies were performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were used to pool the comparative dichotomous data on perinatal outcomes. The database search yielded 4049 results, 1254 of which were duplicates. We included a total of 21 observational studies that assessed the adverse perinatal outcomes with COVID-19 infection. The odds of maternal death (pooled OR: 7.05 [2.41−20.65]), preeclampsia (pooled OR: 1.39 [1.29−1.50]), cesarean delivery (pooled OR: 1.67 [1.29−2.15]), fetal distress (pooled OR: 1.66 [1.35−2.05]), preterm birth (pooled OR: 1.86 [1.34−2.58]), low birth weight (pooled OR: 1.69 [1.35−2.11]), stillbirth (pooled OR: 1.46 [1.16−1.85]), 5th minute Apgar score of less than 7 (pooled OR: 1.44 [1.11−1.86]) and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (pooled OR: 2.12 [1.36−3.32]) were higher among COVID-19 infected pregnant women compared to non-infected pregnant women.

Conflicting reports of increases and decreases in rates of preterm birth (PTB) and stillbirth in the general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have surfaced. The objective of our study was to conduct a living systematic review and meta-analyses of studies reporting pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by comparing the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.

Objective To assess the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age at birth, and stillbirth after covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Design Population based retrospective cohort study. Setting Ontario, Canada, 1 May to 31 December 2021. Participants All liveborn and stillborn infants from pregnancies conceived at least 42 weeks before the end of the study period and with gestational age ≥20 weeks or birth weight ≥500 g. Main outcome measures Using Cox regression, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for preterm birth before 37 weeks (overall and spontaneous preterm birth), very preterm birth (

In the era of Covid 19 and mass vaccination programs, the anti-vaccination movement across the world is currently at an all-time high. Much of this anti-vaccination sentiment could be attributed to the alleged side effects that are perpetuated across social media from anti-vaccination groups. Fear m …

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - Brain 18F-FDG PET imaging has the potential to provide an objective assessment of brain involvement in post-COVID-19 conditions but...

In the context of the worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), some patients report functional complaints after apparent recovery from COVID-19. This clinical presentation has been referred as “long COVID.” ...

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic killed over 6 million people worldwide. Although COVID-19 is mainly known for lung infection, several extrapulmonary tissues had been described as infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the acute disease. At least for the initial variants, children were supposedly less exposed to the virus, predominantly presenting mild or asymptomatic infection. In the present study, we describe how SARS-CoV-2 can silently infect palatine tonsils and adenoids from asymptomatic children. We studied 48 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy between October 2020 and September 2021. None of them had experienced signs or symptoms of acute upper airway infection in the month prior to surgery. Nasal cytobrush, nasal wash and adenotonsillar tissue samples were tested by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and neutralization assay. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in at least one sample in 12 patients (25%). SARS-CoV-2 genome detection rate was 20% in the tonsils, 16.27% in the adenoids, 10.41% of nasal cytobrushes and 6.25% of nasal washes. IHC confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in 15 out of 16 positive tonsils samples, both in epithelium and lymphoid compartment. Flow cytometry revealed that CD123+ dendritic cells were the most frequently infected cell type (10.57%) followed by CD14+ monocytes (6.32%), CD4+ T lymphocytes (1.75%), CD20+ B lymphocytes (1.67%), and in less extent CD8+ T lymphocytes cells (1.36%). In conclusion, tonsils and adenoids are important sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic children. Positive immunostaining in adenotonsillar tissue samples suggest that lymphoid tissue can be a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and may play an important role in community dissemination. It remains unclear for how long the lymphoid tissue can sustain the SARS-CoV-2 in a persistent infection, and whether this persistence has any impact on virus transmission.

Researchers say there is a growing body of evidence these viruses interfere with each other’s spread

Der Bericht “Kindertagesbetreuung und Infektionsgeschehen während der COVID-19-Pandemie” https://t.co/XRC5XHjfVy ist sehr reichhaltig, und die wie oft unangemessen verkürzende Studien-Lesart von Lauterbach wird ihm nicht gerecht. Einige mE besonders interessante Punkte: … (1/7)— Emanuel Wyler (@ewyler) November 3, 2022

Here is the latest from our team in @NatureMedicineShould you protect yourself from Covid-19 reinfection Yes!Reinfection is not benign; it is best to avoid itby @Bcbowe @Biostayan @zalalyA thread 🧵https://t.co/RVENVKRucU— Ziyad Al-Aly, MD (@zalaly) November 10, 2022

Coronavirus not only infects the human retina, but can also replicate in it

Not just conjunctivitis, Covid-19 may lead to a variety of eye complications which may result total vision loss if not treated on time

Clinical Implications of Basic Research from The New England Journal of Medicine — Cognitive Deficits in Long Covid-19

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Lifting Universal Masking in Schools — Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff

Suicide is an important public health issue during the current pandemic of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). In EIDs, various symptoms persist even after recovery, and chronic fatigue is among those that are commonly reported. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of chronic fatigue sy …

Background  Short-term follow-up studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) survivors suggested that their physical conditions continuously improved in the first year but that their mental health did not. We investigated long-term psychiatric morbidities and chronic fatigue among SARS...

influence. The Right Relevance Application Programming Interface was used to search for the term “infectious diseases”, producing a Twitter topic score for the top 100 infectious disease influencers. The influencers’ Hirsch index (h-index) was compared with their Twitter topic score for a possible correlation. We identified that 46% of the infectious disease influencers were physicians. A correlation between the Twitter topic score of the infectious disease influencers and their h-index was not identified, (r = + 0.123, P = 0.22). The study also provides a list of the infectious disease influencers for those who have an interest in engaging and interacting with them on Twitter. Healthcare professionals in infectious diseases have been using Twitter to disseminate knowledge and interact with other professionals. This study aimed to identify and characterize the top 100 Twitter influencers in infectious diseases and to analyze the correlation between Twitter and academic influence. The Right Relevance Application Programming Interface was used to search for the term “infectious diseases”, producing a Twitter topic score for the top 100 infectious disease influencers. The influencers’ Hirsch index (h-index) was compared with their Twitter topic score for a possible correlation. We identified that 46% of the infectious disease influencers were physicians. A correlation between the Twitter topic score of the infectious disease influencers and their h-index was not identified, (r = + 0.123, P = 0.22). The study also provides a list of the infectious disease influencers for those who have an interest in engaging and interacting with them on Twitter. Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc....

Researchers examine the association between COVID-19 and increased cardiovascular outcomes and mortality sequelae.

It’s now clear that this risk can stay elevated for long after recovery

Nature - Pathogen spillover driven by rapid changes in bat ecology

Nature - Healthcare data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs are used to characterize the six-month incident sequelae of individuals who survive for at least thirty days after developing...

Many of the deaths attributable to measles virus are caused by secondary infections because the virus infects and functionally impairs immune cells. Whether measles infection causes long-term damage to immune memory has been unclear. This question has become increasingly important given the resurgence in measles epidemics worldwide. Using a blood test called VirScan, Mina et al. comprehensively analyzed the antibody repertoire in children before and after natural infection with measles virus as well as in children before and after measles vaccination. They found that measles infection can greatly diminish previously acquired immune memory, potentially leaving individuals at risk for infection by other pathogens. These adverse effects on the immune system were not seen in vaccinated children.

Introduction: The uptake of Paxlovid in individuals infected with COVID-19 has been significantly limited by concerns around the Paxlovid rebound phenomenon despite the scarcity of evidence around its epidemiology. The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the epidemiology of Paxlovid rebound in treated and untreated participants with acute COVID-19 infection Methods: We designed a digital, prospective observational study, which included participants who tested positive for COVID-19 and were clinically eligible for Paxlovid. Participants were assigned to a Paxlovid or control group based on their decision to take the medication. Both groups were provided 12 rapid antigen tests and asked to test and answer symptom surveys on a regular frequent schedule for 16 days. Viral rebound based on test results and COVID-19 symptom rebound based on patient reported symptoms were evaluated. Results: Viral rebound incidence was 14.2% in the Paxlovid group (n=127) and 9.3% in the control group (n=43). COVID-19 symptom rebound incidence was higher in the Paxlovid group (18.9%) compared to the control group (7.0%). There were no notable differences in viral rebound by age, gender, pre-existing conditions, or major symptom groups during the acute phase or at the 1-month interval. Conclusion: This preliminary report of our prospective study suggests that rebound after clearance of test positivity or symptom resolution is higher than previously reported. However, we observed a similar rate of rebound in both in the Paxlovid and control groups. Large studies with diverse participants and extended follow-up are needed to better understand the rebound phenomena. ### Competing Interest Statement MJM is Chief Science Officer of eMed, he is on the board of directors of Quantum-SI, a protein sequencing company, is on the scientific advisory board for ImmuneID, a company that develops immunological tools, and serves on the medical advisory board for 4 Catalyzer. The other authors declare no competing interests. ### Funding Statement This study was funded by eMed. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: All individuals participating in the study provided informed consent electronically. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by the Scripps Office for the Protection of Research Subjects (IRB-22-7978). I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes This is an ongoing study. We plan to make the de-identified data available after approval of a proposal by a responsible authority at Scripps and with a data access agreement, pledging to not re-identify individuals or share the data with a third party.

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