Covid19-Sources

This cohort study examines the association between ambulatory COVID-19 and risk of venous thromboembolism.

The BA.5 bivalent booster is rolling out just after Labor Day in the US, as we learned this evening https://t.co/CiY2snwrws Here are some thoughts on the potential merits and disadvantages for this plan pic.twitter.com/bE1aITMFIA— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) August 24, 2022

Keeping up with COVID-19 vaccines can be a daunting task. To help people keep up, Yale Medicine mapped out a comparison of the five most prominent ones.

The Technical Advisory Group for Emergency Use Listing listed Nuvaxovid (NVX-CoV2373) vaccine against COVID-19 and Covovax (NVX-CoV2373) vaccine against COVID-19 for emergency use on 20 December 2021 and 17 December 2021 respectively. The Novavax vaccine will be manufactured in two different facilities. In Europe, the vaccine will be manufactured under the trade name Nuvaxovid and has been approved by the European Medicines Agency, and in India, the vaccine will be manufactured by Serum Institute of India under the trade name Covovax and has been approved by the Drugs Controller General of India. The WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has issued interim policy recommendations for the use of the Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) vaccine. This article provides a summary of those interim recommendations. For the purposes of this article, the vaccine will be referred to as Novavax (NVX-CoV2373).

I would definitely recommend taking the new #BA5 booster in 2-3 weeks. Definitely get the updated shot instead of the old Wuhan 1.0 shot if you can. UK and European approval unclear for BA5 booster. US will definitely be the first for BA5 shot.— Eric Feigl-Ding (@DrEricDing) August 24, 2022

The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 would be greatly facilitated by the identification of immunological correlates of protection in humans. However, to date, studies on protective immunity have only been performed in animal models and correlates of protection have not been established in humans. Here, we describe an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on a fishing vessel associated with a high attack rate. Predeparture serological and viral RT-PCR testing along with repeat testing after return to shore was available for 120 of the 122 persons on board over a median follow-up of 32.5 days (range 18.8 to 50.5 days). A total of 104 individuals had an RT-PCR positive viral test with Ct

Understanding of the most probable transmission routes and identifying the risk environments for disease spread should always be among the first critical steps in the response to future disease threats. This is one of the most vital public health lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic: with a well-informed understanding of the dominant mode(s) of transmission of an infectious disease, effective control strategies can quickly be specified, higher risk activities and environments can be defined, and public health leaders may then set the course for a response that aims to efficiently and rapidly mitigate widespread transmission. Laboratory, field, modeling, and case studies have demonstrated that airborne transmission via inhalation of virus-laden aerosols is important, if not dominant, for COVID-19.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Aerosols are small respiratory particles that are suspended in the air and can be carried on air currents over long distances.9 They are released into the air during normal respiratory activities. Aerosols produced by infected individuals may contain pathogens and can be inhaled by others to cause new infection; when this occurs, it is known as airborne transmission. This can occur in both the near-field (within the vicinity of the infection source) and far-field (greater distance away from the infection source). To combat the risk of airborne transmission of COVID-19, control strategies that reduce the concentration of (and therefore, the likelihood of inhaling) potentially infectious respiratory aerosols must be implemented. Increased outdoor air ventilation to dilute aerosols and reduce their concentration and/or enhanced filtration efficiency to remove particles from recirculated air have been shown to be effective as part of an overall strategy to reduce risk. These strategies should be prioritized in occupied environments in which aerosols accumulate most rapidly: indoor spaces with low outdoor air ventilation and/or low levels of (or no) filtration.10,11,12,13 Despite significant progress across other elements of pandemic response – including vaccines and boosters, rapid tests, treatments, and expanded access to high efficiency masks – ventilation and filtration have remained insufficiently addressed, even more than two years into the pandemic. This has finally shifted following the March 2022 Biden-Harris Administration launch of the Clean Air in Buildings Challenge, a key component of the National COVID-19 Preparedness Plan. This initiative calls on all building owners and operators across the domains of school, work, and travel to adopt key strategies to improve indoor air quality in their buildings and reduce the spread of COVID-19.14 The Administration’s announcement quickly elevated the discussion around the importance of indoor air quality and advanced a new framework for recognizing and rewarding science-based efforts in buildings that promote health and safety and improve resilience to future pandemics. In light of the announcement of this new recognition system for buildings, experts from the Lancet COVID-19 Commission’s Task Force on Safe School, Safe Work, and Safe Travel have identified the following four key actions that represent the most effective, fundamental steps toward promoting healthier indoor environments and reducing the risk of airborne infectious disease transmission indoors.

Kann man sich gegen #COVID19 zu oft impfen lassen?Wissenschaftler aus Freiburg haben dazu in eine Studie veröffentlicht. "Wir sehen nach der vierten #Corona-Impfung kein Verschwinden der Immunantwort und auch kein erhöhtes Risiko für Nebenwirkungen",…#ImpfenSchuetzt pic.twitter.com/p90TCueEbm— Ralf Wittenbrink (@RWittenbrink) August 16, 2022

Pediatric Research - SARS CoV-2 detected in neonatal stool remote from maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing widespread illness and death and poses a threat due to the possibility of emerging strains. SARS-CoV-2 targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE …

In COVID-19 patients and survivors, brain imaging studies have identified microbleed lesions in deep brain regions associated with cognitive and memory functions. Microbleeds are frequently found in people with chronic stress, depressive disorders, diabetes, and age-associated comorbidities. In the review, the authors report that COVID-19-induced microhemorrhagic lesions may exacerbate DNA damage in affected brain cells, resulting in neuronal senescence and activation of cell death mechanisms, ultimately impacting brain microstructure-vasculature. Although up to 30% of patients report lingering “brain fog” after COVID-19, more severe long-term effects can include predispositions for Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and related neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cardiovascular disorders from internal bleeding and blood clotting-induced lesions in the part of the brain that regulates the respiratory system. Additionally, cellular aging is believed to be accelerated. As numerous cellular stresses inhibit virus-infected cells from undergoing their normal biological functions, the cells enter into “hibernation mode” or die completely, according to the research team. “[C]areful medical and clinical follow-ups should be performed to diagnose early symptoms of neuropathological, neuropsychiatric, and/or cardiovascular dysfunctions to prevent patients from developing irreversible motor/cognitive impairments and cardiovascular disorders,” the authors advised.

There is a paucity of data on outcomes for people with gout and COVID-19. We aimed to assess whether gout is a risk factor for diagnosis of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related death, and to test for sex- and drug-specific differences in risk.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges for people with gout. At present, there is a lack of guidance on the management of gout during the pandemic and paucity of research assessing outcomes of COVID-19 infection in people with gout.

Virale Ausweichstrategie: Virologen haben neue Erkenntnisse dazu, wann und warum das Coronavirus mutiert und neue Varianten bildet. Demnach fördert die

Why a new report is so troubling

Nature - Some studies suggest that the risk of cardiovascular problems, such as a heart attack or stroke, remains high even many months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection clears up. Researchers are...

Background: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of coronaviruses in human health. Several seasonal, non-SARS Coronaviruses are endemic in most areas of the world. In a previous study, we...

Analysis of the CD8+ T cell response to various SARS-CoV-2 lineages identifies a mutation in the viral spike protein that enables the virus to escape T cell responses.

AbstractBackground. Multiple instances of flight-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during long-haul flights h

Npa2 and Npa3 SARS-CoV-2 protein have the ability to hijack and degrade p53. • Gene expression of p53 is downregulated in blood of COVID-19 patients. • Downregulation of p53 persists at least 24 weeks after infection in long COVID-19 patients. • Long-term reduction of p53 could have impact on carcinogenesis.

This cohort study of electronic health care data of more than 8 million individuals in England attempts to quantify the neuropsychiatric sequelae following discharge from COVID-19 hospitalization compared with patients surviving hospitalization due to non–COVID-19 severe acute respiratory...

We identified 1 487 712 patients with a recorded diagnosis of COVID-19 during the study period, of whom 1 284 437 (185 748 children, 856 588 adults, and 242 101 older adults; overall mean age 42·5 years [SD 21·9]; 741 806 [57·8%] were female and 542 192 [42·2%] were male) were adequately matched with an equal number of patients with another respiratory infection. The risk trajectories of outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the whole cohort differed substantially. While most outcomes had HRs significantly greater than 1 after 6 months (with the exception of encephalitis; Guillain-Barré syndrome; nerve, nerve root, and plexus disorder; and parkinsonism), their risk horizons and time to equal incidence varied greatly. Risks of the common psychiatric disorders returned to baseline after 1–2 months (mood disorders at 43 days, anxiety disorders at 58 days) and subsequently reached an equal overall incidence to the matched comparison group (mood disorders at 457 days, anxiety disorders at 417 days). By contrast, risks of cognitive deficit (known as brain fog), dementia, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures were still increased at the end of the 2-year follow-up period. Post-COVID-19 risk trajectories differed in children compared with adults: in the 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, children were not at an increased risk of mood (HR 1·02 [95% CI 0·94–1·10) or anxiety (1·00 [0·94–1·06]) disorders, but did have an increased risk of cognitive deficit, insomnia, intracranial haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, nerve, nerve root, and plexus disorders, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures (HRs ranging from 1·20 [1·09–1·33] to 2·16 [1·46–3·19]). Unlike adults, cognitive deficit in children had a finite risk horizon (75 days) and a finite time to equal incidence (491 days). A sizeable proportion of older adults who received a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis, in either cohort, subsequently died, especially those diagnosed with dementia or epilepsy or seizures. Risk profiles were similar just before versus just after the emergence of the alpha variant (n=47 675 in each cohort). Just after (vs just before) the emergence of the delta variant (n=44 835 in each cohort), increased risks of ischaemic stroke, epilepsy or seizures, cognitive deficit, insomnia, and anxiety disorders were observed, compounded by an increased death rate. With omicron (n=39 845 in each cohort), there was a lower death rate than just before emergence of the variant, but the risks of neurological and psychiatric outcomes remained similar.

Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), non-COVID-19 deaths and all deaths by vaccination status, broken down by age group.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants have generated a world-wide health crisis due to resistance to most approved SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and evasion of vaccination-induced antibodies. To manage Omicron sub-variants and prepare for potential new variants, additional means of isolating broad and potent humanized SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies are desirable. Here, we describe a mouse model in which the primary B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire is generated solely through V(D)J recombination of a human VH1-2 heavy chain (HC) and, substantially, a human Vκ1-33 light chain (LC). Thus, primary humanized BCR repertoire diversity in these mice derives from immensely diverse HC and LC antigen-contact complementarity-region-3 (CDR3) sequences generated by non-templated junctional modifications during V(D)J recombination. Immunizing the human VH1-2/Vκ1-33-rearranging mouse model with SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) spike protein immunogens elicited several VH1-2/Vκ1-33-based neutralizing antibodies that bound RBD in a different mode from each other and from those of many prior human patient-derived VH1-2-based neutralizing antibodies. Of these, SP1-77 potently and broadly neutralized all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5. Cryo-EM studies revealed that SP1-77 bound RBD away from the receptor-binding-motif via a CDR3-dominated recognition mode. Lattice-light-sheet-microscopy-based studies showed that SP1-77 did not block ACE2-mediated viral attachment or endocytosis, but rather blocked viral-host membrane fusion. The broad and potent SP1-77 neutralization activity and non-traditonal mechanism of action suggest this antibody might have therapeutic potential. Likewise, the SP1-77 binding epitope may further inform on vacccine strategies. Finally, the general class of humanized mouse models we have described may contribute to identifying therapeutic antibodies against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and other pathogens.

New antibody neutralizes all known SARS-CoV-2 variants in lab tests

Im Jahr 2021 belief sich der durchschnittliche Krankenstand in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung auf rund 4,34 Prozent.

This cohort study estimates the proportion of persons who became reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave in Iceland.

Anhand von Daten der in der prä-Pandemie-Ära begonnenen, longitudinal angelegten „UK Biobank“ konnten erstmals zerebrale MRT-Befunde vor und nach COVID-19 bei denselben Personen erhoben und mit einer Kontrollgruppe Nicht-Infizierter verglichen werden [1]. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich bei den zwischenzeitlich SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten ein Rückgang an grauer Substanz im orbitofrontalen Kortex sowie eine Abnahme der Gesamthirnmasse. Bei den […]