Covid19-Sources

We've had some interesting vaccine news in the last few days, and it's worth a closer look. A team from the NIAID, Emory, Moderna (and others) has reported results in a primate model for an Omicron-targeted mRNA booster shot that they've been working on, and the numbers are. . .a bit surprising. Macaque monkeys were dosed twice, four weeks apart, with the standard Moderna coronavirus vaccine, and then 41 weeks later one group of them got a booster of the same shot, while another got a booster of the new one with an Omicron variant sequence. Subsequent tests for neutralizing antibody levels, B-cell expansion, and response to a challenge with the Omicron virus itself showed that there was no difference between the two treatments at all.

There have been studies from Pfizer/BioNTech on Omicron neutralization in human plasma from different variant specific vaccines, and there these seem to help better against Omicron than the original.https://t.co/9si9MGMKTC— jorgenponder — om coronavirusepidemin (@jorgenponder) February 7, 2022

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, and long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative and qualitative features of different cellular and anatomical compartments; and durability of each cellular component and antibodies. Given the sophistication of the measurements; the size of the human studies; the use of longitudinal samples and cross-sectional studies; and head-to-head comparisons between infection and vaccines or between multiple vaccines, the understanding of immune memory for 1 year to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines already supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, as well as the scientific development of future vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other diseases.

Our extensive scientific review of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory is published. Antibodies, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, memory B cells, and tissue resident cells. After vaccination, infection, or both, ready to battle COVID-19. Open access: https://t.co/28R4JHja4n @SetteLab pic.twitter.com/QIKzdeez2w— Prof. Shane Crotty (@profshanecrotty) July 15, 2022

Myocarditis and pericarditis are potential post-acute cardiac sequelae of COVID-19 infection, arising from adaptive immune responses. We aimed to study the incidence of post-acute COVID-19 myocarditis and pericarditis. Retrospective cohort study of 196,992 adults after COVID-19 infection in Clalit Health Services members in Israel between March 2020 and January 2021. Inpatient myocarditis and pericarditis diagnoses were retrieved from day 10 after positive PCR. Follow-up was censored on 28 February 2021, with minimum observation of 18 days. The control cohort of 590,976 adults with at least one negative PCR and no positive PCR were age- and sex-matched. Since the Israeli vaccination program was initiated on 20 December 2020, the time-period matching of the control cohort was calculated backward from 15 December 2020. Nine post-COVID-19 patients developed myocarditis (0.0046%), and eleven patients were diagnosed with pericarditis (0.0056%). In the control cohort, 27 patients had myocarditis (0.0046%) and 52 had pericarditis (0.0088%). Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.93 to 1.00) and male sex (aHR 4.42; 95% CI, 1.64 to 11.96) were associated with myocarditis. Male sex (aHR 1.93; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.41) and peripheral vascular disease (aHR 4.20; 95% CI 1.50 to 11.72) were associated with pericarditis. Post COVID-19 infection was not associated with either myocarditis (aHR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.56) or pericarditis (aHR 0.53; 95% CI 0.25 to 1.13). We did not observe an increased incidence of neither pericarditis nor myocarditis in adult patients recovering from COVID-19 infection.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to estimate the prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents and to present the full spectrum of symptoms present after acute COVID-19. We have used PubMed and Embase to identify observational studies published before February 10th, 2022 that included a minimum of 30 patients with ages ranging from 0 to 18 years that met the National Institute for Healthcare Excellence (NICE) definition of long-COVID, which consists of both ongoing (4 to 12 weeks) and post-COVID-19 (≥12 weeks) symptoms. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewers and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed (registration PROSPERO CRD42021275408). The literature search yielded 8,373 publications, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, and a total of 80,071 children and adolescents were included. The prevalence of long-COVID was 25.24%, and the most prevalent clinical manifestations were mood symptoms (16.50%), fatigue (9.66%), and sleep disorders (8.42%). Children infected by SARS-CoV-2 had a higher risk of persistent dyspnea, anosmia/ageusia, and/or fever compared to controls. Limitations of the studies analyzed include lack of standardized definitions, recall, selection, misclassification, nonresponse and/or loss of follow-up, and a high level of heterogeneity. ### Competing Interest Statement SLL is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceutical Company; the statements presented in the paper do not necessarily represent the position of the company. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare ### Funding Statement This work was supported by funds from Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. In addition, the datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. * CI : Credible interval COVID-19 : Coronavirus disease 2019 CSS : cross-sectional study DM : diabetes mellitus QCed : Quality-Controlled IRR : Incidence Rate Ratios NICE : National Institute for Health and Care Excellence MIS-C : multisystem inflammatory syndrome ORs : Odds Ratios PCS : prospective cohort study PRISMA : Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses RCS : retrospective cohort study rt-PCR : real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 : severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PASC : post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2

CDC's home for COVID-19 data. Visualizations, graphs, and data in one easy-to-use website.

Even before the pandemic began, more people here were dying at younger ages than in comparably wealthy nations.

Bemerkenswert. Studie zu HCoV-OC43. Man hat in China bei 43 Kindern mit Pneumonie nach verschiedenen Pathogenen gesucht und in allen OC43 gefunden. 60.5 Prozent nur mit OC43, der Rest mit Co-Infektionen. pic.twitter.com/rNfmI9xy34— Christian 💉💉💉 (@Christian_NDBy) July 22, 2022

Ich weiß auch nicht, wieso so viele auf Twitter immer nur schwarzmalen.Klar ist Corona echt ein große Bürde, die wir auch vorerst nicht loswerden.Aber man muss auch mal sehen, wie viel von seinem Schrecken Corona inzwischen verloren hat.1/2https://t.co/oBEWTxDXkb— Institute of Armchair Virology (@ArmchairViro) July 22, 2022

Auch Apotheker und Apothekerinnen dürfen mittlerweile gegen COVID-19 impfen. Doch nicht nur sie dürften sich fragen, womit in Zukunft – oder genauer im kommenden Herbst – eigentlich geimpft werden soll. Sollte man sich vielleicht jetzt schon angesichts einer drohenden „Sommerwelle“ ein zweites Mal boostern und damit zum vierten Mal impfen lassen? Oder lohnt es sich, auf angepasste Impfstoffe zu warten?

Nicht nur während einer Corona-Infektion leiden viele Betroffene unter Atemwegsbeschwerden: Husten, Atemnot und Asthma können als Long-Covid-Symptome noch länger bestehen bleiben oder sogar erst Wochen später auftreten.

SARS-CoV-2 causes remarkably variable disease from asymptomatic individuals to respiratory insufficiency and coagulopathy. Vitamin K deficiency was recently found to associate with clinical outcome in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D has been hypothesized to reduce disease susceptibility by modulating inflammation, yet little is known about its role in disease severity. Considering the critical interaction between vitamin K and vitamin D in calcium and elastic fiber metabolism, we determined vitamin D status in the same cohort of 135 hospitalized COVID-19 patients by measuring blood 25(OH)D levels. We found no difference in vitamin D status between those with good and poor outcome (defined as intubation and/or death). Instead, we found vitamin D sufficient persons (25(OH)D 50 nmol/L) had accelerated elastic fiber degradation compared to those with mild deficiency (25(OH)D 25-50 nmol/L). Based on these findings, we hypothesize that vitamin D might have both favorable anti-inflammatory and unfavorable pro-calcification effects during COVID-19 and that vitamin K might compensate for the latter.

COVID-19: Test yourself before leaving isolationMultiple studies have shown people on average are still infectious for more than 5 days and is even worse with Omicron ( https://t.co/O9lwKJl68n ). 🧵1/ pic.twitter.com/6krhRz9tVP— Dr. Jeff Gilchrist, PhD (@jeffgilchrist) July 16, 2022

Coronavirus (CoV) infection of humans is usually not associated with severe disease. However, discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV revealed that highly pathogenic human CoVs (HCoVs) can evolve. The identification and characterization of new HCoVs is, therefore, an important task. Recently, a HCoV termed NL63 was discovered in patients with respiratory tract illness. Here, cell tropism and receptor usage of HCoV-NL63 were analyzed. The NL63 spike (S) protein mediated infection of different target cells compared with the closely related 229E-S protein but facilitated entry into cells known to be permissive to SARS-CoV-S-driven infection. An analysis of receptor engagement revealed that NL63-S binds angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63 uses ACE2 as a receptor for infection of target cells. Potent neutralizing activity directed against NL63- but not 229E-S protein was detected in virtually all sera from patients 8 years of age or older, suggesting that HCoV-NL63 infection of humans is common and usually acquired during childhood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV shares its receptor ACE2 with HCoV-NL63. Because the two viruses differ dramatically in their ability to induce disease, analysis of HCoV-NL63 might unravel pathogenicity factors in SARS-CoV. The frequent HCoV-NL63 infection of humans suggests that highly pathogenic variants have ample opportunity to evolve, underlining the need for vaccines against HCoVs.

Since its first discovery in 1967, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) has been associated with mild self-limiting upper respiratory infections worldwide. Fatal primary pneumonia due to HCoV-OC43 is not frequently described. This study describes a case of fatal primary pneumonia associated with HCoV-OC43 in a 75-year-old patient with good past health. The viral loads of the respiratory tract specimens (bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal aspirate) from diagnosis to death were persistently high (3.49 × 106–1.10 × 1010 copies/ml). HCoV-OC43 at a 6.46 × 103 copies/ml level was also detected from his pleural fluid 2 days before his death. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the present HCoV-OC43 forms a distinct cluster with three other HCoV-OC43 from United States, with a bootstrap value of 100% and sharing 99.9% nucleotide identities. Pairwise genetic distance between this cluster and other HCoV-OC43 genotypes ranged from 0.27 ± 0.02% to 1.25 ± 0.01%. In contrast, the lowest pairwise genetic distance between existing HCoV-OC43 genotypes was 0.26 ± 0.02%, suggesting that this cluster constitutes a novel HCoV-OC43 genotype, which we named genotype I. Unlike genotypes D, E, F, G, and H, no recombination event was observed for this novel genotype. Structural modeling revealed that the loop with the S1/S2 cleavage site was four amino acids longer than other HCoV-OC43, making it more exposed and accessible to protease, which may have resulted in its...

COVID-19 positive outpatients are at an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders compared with individuals who tested negative for the virus, a new study presented today at the 8th European Academy ...

Convergent evolution is observed in currently expanding lineages BA.2.75 and a recent recombinant mostly observed in Germany. 🧵1/10 pic.twitter.com/n9BzctWFW8— Ulrich Elling (@EllingUlrich) July 15, 2022

Whereas several predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been reported, the role of cognitive function is largely unknown. Accordingly, our objec…

A systematic review of 43 studies on post-Covid reinfections from 17 countries. Pre-Omicron protection was very high and durable (Left panel)Post-Omicron: substantially lower and declined more rapidly (Right panel)https://t.co/YOFrTTAKzc by @IHME_UW pic.twitter.com/blooSrvaFC— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) July 8, 2022

Gemäß der Studienlage zeigt sich eine Korrelation zwischen Krankheitsschere und Vitamin-D-Spiegel eben nicht nur bei einem akuten Mangel sondern bereits bei niedrigem Spiegel und den hat die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung.Von 2013:/5https://t.co/dx2GDZNiu4— BakuninsTraum (@BakuninsT) July 14, 2022

From 7 days after baseline and onwards, there were 1119 deaths in the LTCF cohort during a median follow-up of 77 days and a maximum follow-up of 126 days. During days 7 to 60, the VE of the fourth dose was 39% (95% CI, 29-48), which declined to 27% (95% CI, -2-48) during days 61 to 126. In the cohort of all individuals aged ≥80 years, there were 5753 deaths during a median follow-up of 73 days and a maximum follow-up of 143 days. During days 7 to 60, the VE of the fourth dose was 71% (95% CI, 69-72), which declined to 54% (95% CI, 48-60) during days 61 to 143. The VE of the fourth dose seemed stronger when it was compared to third-dose recipients where at least four months had passed since vaccination (P 0·001 for interaction).

Communications Medicine - Bandyopadhyay, Schips et al. model the factors contributing to overloading of healthcare facilities during the first COVID-19 wave in Italy. They predict that an early...

National Center for Health Statistics

Die Innere Medizin - Ein erheblicher Teil der Verläufe des Post-COVID-Syndroms (COVID „coronavirus disease“) erfüllt die Diagnosekriterien für Myalgische...

COVID-19-Patienten erhielten mehr als drei Monate nach der akuten Infektion häufiger ärztliche Diagnosen physischer und psychischer Symptome und Erkrankungen als Menschen ohne COVID-19-Diagnose. Das ergeben Analysen von umfangreichen Krankenversicherungsdaten. Nicht nur Erwachsene, auch Kinder und Jugendliche sind demnach potenziell von Post-COVID betroffen: Zu den am stärksten mit COVID-19 assoziierten dokumentierten Symptomen und Erkrankungen zählen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen unter anderem Unwohlsein und rasche Erschöpfung, Husten, Schmerzen im Hals- und Brustbereich sowie Angststörungen und Depression. Erwachsene verzeichneten insbesondere vermehrt ärztliche Diagnosen von Geschmacksstörungen, Fieber, Husten und Atembeschwerden.

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed great threat to human health. T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their numbers and functional state in COVID-19 patients remain …

Viele Menschen in Deutschland sind aktuell angeschlagen oder krank. Erkältungen gehen rum - und das mitten im Sommer. Ein Blick auf die Lage.

We describe a man whose first manifestations of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease occurred in tandem with symptomatic onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drawing from recent data on prion disease pathogenesis and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, we hypothesize ...