Covid19-Sources

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — BNT162b2 Vaccine Effectiveness against Omicron in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age

Four coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines have now been approved for use in the UK. Rigorous clinical trials have been undertaken to understand the immune response, safety profile and efficacy of these vaccines as part of the regulatory process. Ongoing monitoring of the vaccines as they are rolled out in the population is important to continually ensure that clinical and public health guidance on the vaccination programme is built upon the best available evidence. UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), formerly Public Health England (PHE), works closely with the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA), NHS England, and other government, devolved administration and academic partners to monitor the COVID-19 vaccination programme. Details of the vaccine surveillance strategy are set on the page COVID-19: vaccine surveillance strategy (1). As with all vaccines, the safety of COVID-19 vaccines is continuously being monitored by the MHRA. They conclude that overall, the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh any potential risks (2). Please note that this report is published on a monthly basis. The next report will be published on 7 July 2022. This week’s report contains updates on consensus vaccine effectiveness estimates, and vaccination in pregnancy data.

Berlin – Die Zahl der Schwerkranken, die auf Intensivstationen in Deutschland mit COVID-19 behandelt werden, ist auf 1.000 gestiegen. Das geht aus dem... #COVID19 #Inzidenz #Intensivstation

Sehr, sehr wichtige Studie aus Israel zur Effektivität der COVID-Impfung bei Kindern 5-11J. gegen Omicron-KEIN Schutz vor Infektion nach 1 Dosis-moderater Schutz nach 2 Dosen (36-69%)-Booster notwendig?Thanks @ClalitInnovate @RanBalicer 🙏https://t.co/sradqCx0Ti pic.twitter.com/TQt0Kv6g3D— Leif Erik Sander (@Sander_Lab) July 1, 2022

This study examines the risk of long COVID following mRNA vaccination, compared with no vaccination, in health care workers in Italy who had COVID-19 infection.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly transmissible and extensive morbidity, which has raised concerns for antiviral therapy. In addition, the molecular basis for the attenuated pathogenicity and replication capacity of Omicron remains elusive. Here, we report for the first time that a high-frequency mutation T9I on 2-E of SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron forms a non-selective ion channel with abolished calcium permeability and reduced acid sensitivity compared to the WT channel. In addition, T9I caused less cell death and a weaker cytokine production. The channel property changes might be responsible for the Omicron variant releases less efficiently and induces a comparatively lower level of cell damage in the infected cells. Our study gives valuable insights into key features of the Omicron variant, further supporting 2-E is a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2 and providing critical information for the COVID-19 treatment. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

covSPECTRUM is an interactive platform aiming to help scientists investigate and identify variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Verordnungen pro Bundesland - Unterkategorien

1/🧵 Long COVID Brain Science: 🧠For ~100M suffering 🌎, let’s use data to combat myths & #MisinformationCOVID is biologically dangerous long after virus is gone#LongCOVID affects our….📍Olfactory & Limbic Systems📍 Interferon Autoimmunity📍PET scans📍AstrocytesHow? pic.twitter.com/gfWMoPxGoX— WesElyMD (@WesElyMD) June 15, 2022

1/ Our preprint on #COVID19 & childhood deaths during the first 2 pandemic years in England 👉https://t.co/0Ylw5SsGSQTop line: Among ~12 million

In Freiburg produziert der US-Konzern Pfizer sein Medikament Paxlovid für den Weltmarkt. Warum aber wird es in Deutschland bisher kaum genutzt, obwohl es das Risiko schwerer Verläufe einer Covid-Infektion massiv senken soll? Von Tim Diekmann.

Was?? Es sind nicht die Long Lockdown Adeno-Dogs? *Shocked* https://t.co/X9bkkXr1b7SARS-CoV-2 ORF1abA1061S Mutation resultiert in einem PARP14 identen Peptid, das über HLA-A präsentiert wird und autoreaktive zytotoxische T-Zellen begünstigt.— molecular.sylvia (@SylviaGruber88) June 30, 2022

The Omicron BA.4/5 subvariants are leading to a new wave in Europe and the United States, with an impact of some increase in hospitalizationshttps://t.co/y0LvkzoCRb @SarahNev @JamieSmythF @jburnmurdoch @TWenseleers pic.twitter.com/pBuS7Xc5Li— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) June 17, 2022

Closing schools and workplaces appear to have been the most effective strategies to mitigate deaths from COVID-19 in the early days of the pandemic's first wave, according to a study of 130 countries.

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy - Targeting glucose metabolism for treatment of COVID-19

Study of triple vaccinated people also says Omicron infection does little to reduce chance of catching variant again

Dies ist eine äußerst wichtige Studie, die darauf hindeutet, dass eine Infektion durch frühere Varianten die schützende Immunität gegen nachfolgende Varianten verändern und sogar beeinträchtigen kann – ein Prozess, der von den Autoren als „Hybrid-Immundämpfung“…#COVID19 pic.twitter.com/uBqYpwQiVI— Ralf Wittenbrink (@RWittenbrink) June 15, 2022

Some infectious diseases, including COVID-19, can undergo airborne transmission. This may happen at close proximity, but as time indoors increases, infections can occur in shared room air despite distancing. We propose two indicators of infection risk for this situation, that is, relative risk parameter (Hr) and risk parameter (H). They combine the key factors that control airborne disease transmission indoors: virus- containing aerosol generation rate, breathing flow rate, masking and its quality, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure. COVID-19 outbreaks show a clear trend that is consistent with airborne infection and enable recommendations to minimize transmission risk. Transmission in typical prepandemic indoor spaces is highly sensitive to mitigation efforts. Previous outbreaks of measles, influenza, and tuberculosis were also assessed. Measles outbreaks occur at much lower risk parameter values than COVID-19, while tuberculosis outbreaks are observed at higher risk parameter values. Because both diseases are accepted as airborne, the fact that COVID-19 is less contagious than measles does not rule out airborne transmission. It is important that future outbreak reports include information on masking, ventilation and aerosol-removal rates, number of occupants, and duration of exposure, to investigate airborne transmission.

pathy has been increasingly reported in adults. In children, data are sparse. Our aim was to describe pediatric patients who recovered from COVID-19 and later presented with liver injury. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study of pediatric patients with post-COVID-19 liver manifestations. We collected data on demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging, histology, treatment, and outcome. Results: We report five pediatric patients who recovered from COVID-19 and later presented with liver injury. Two types of clinical presentation were distinguishable. Two infants aged 3 and 5 months, previously healthy, presented with acute liver failure that rapidly progressed to liver transplantation. Their liver explant showed massive necrosis with cholangiolar proliferation and lymphocytic infiltrate. Three children, two aged 8 years and one aged 13 years, presented with hepatitis with cholestasis. Two children had a liver biopsy significant for lymphocytic portal and parenchyma inflammation, along with bile duct proliferations. All three were started on steroid treatment; liver enzymes improved, and they were weaned successfully from treatment. For all five patients, extensive etiology workup for infectious and metabolic etiologies were negative. Conclusions: We report two distinct patterns of potentially long COVID-19 liver manifestations in children with common clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics after a thorough workup excluded other known etiologies. Copyright © 2022 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition...

Exclusive: some who worked on pandemic frontline may have to sell their house after claims rejected

The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of SARS-CoV-2 carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection from severe disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T and B cell immunity against B.1.1.529 in triple mRNA vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) with different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. B and T cell immunity against previous variants of concern was enhanced in triple vaccinated individuals, but magnitude of T and B cell responses against B.1.1.529 spike protein was reduced. Immune imprinting by infection with the earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant resulted in less durable binding antibody against B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCW who became infected during the B.1.1.529 wave showed enhanced immunity against earlier variants, but reduced nAb potency and T cell responses against B.1.1.529 itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 infection abrogated T cell recognition and any enhanced cross-reactive neutralizing immunity on infection with B.1.1.529.

AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv - In this short note, we apply the method of De Nicola et al. (2022) to the most recent available data, thereby providing up-to-date estimates of...

Think you know flu? Read this fascinating study from @nicd_sa et al - with detailed sampling, estimated over 40% of population got infected per season on average, and 17% had repeat infection within same season. Also evidence of asymptomatic transmission: https://t.co/pXIITwGYT8 pic.twitter.com/JOZyvzFqG7— Adam Kucharski (@adamjkucharski) May 19, 2021

In Australien wird mittlerweile über einen "plötzlichen Erwachsenentod" (SADS Sudden Adult Death Syndrome, analog zum plötzlichen Kindstod) berichtet. https://t.co/BOaQ3UTssK1/N— Martin Sauter (@Martin__Sauter) June 14, 2022

An increase of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology has been reported among children in multiple countries worldwide. With a rapid online survey among hospitals in and outside of Europe, we describe case numbers recorded from 1 January to 18 April 2022 vs the previous 5 years. Of 24 countries that responded, we identified 5/17 European and 1/7 non-European countries with an elevation in probable cases of unexplained acute hepatitis, and severe cases were elevated in five European countries.

Some reinfection questions, answered.

Unter den sogenannten nicht-pharmazeutischen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie waren öffentliche Informationskampagnen und Schulschließungen am effektivsten. Sie senkten die Reproduktionszahl, also die Anzahl an Menschen, die eine infizierte Person im Durchschnitt ansteckt, um 0,35 bzw. 0,24. Dies ist das Ergebnis einer Studie unter Beteiligung des IfW Kiel, die auch systematisch Daten außerhalb der USA und Chinas, unter anderem aus Deutschland, auswertete.

UTSUNOMIYA -- Following cases in east Japan's Tochigi Prefecture in which a young girl died and another suffered paralysis from

Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immune memory. Here, SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific immune responses to Moderna mRNA-1273, Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 were examined longitudinally for 6 months. 100% of individuals made memory CD4+ T cells, with cTfh and CD4-CTL highly represented after mRNA or NVX-CoV2373 vaccination. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced comparable CD8+ T cell frequencies, though only detectable in 60-67% of subjects at 6 months. A differentiating feature of Ad26.COV2.S immunization was a high frequency of CXCR3+ memory B cells. mRNA vaccinees had substantial declines in antibodies, while memory T and B cells were comparatively stable. These results may also be relevant for insights against other pathogens.