Covid19-Sources

North Carolina health officials are on the lookout for unusual hepatitis cases in children after two children in the state had severe liver inflammation with no known cause. The World Health Organization this month reported a global outbreak of hepatitis affecting at least 169 children ages 1 month to 16 years old.

Liver impairment is commonly reported in up to 60% of patients who suffer from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Here we report the clinical course and liver pathology in three SARS patients with liver impairment. Three patients who fulfilled the World Health Organization case definition of …

In this analysis, we estimate the number of adult deaths that could have been prevented by timely vaccination. We find that approximately 234,000 deaths since June 2021 could have been prevented with primary series vaccination. These vaccine-preventable deaths represent 60% of all adult COVID-19 deaths since June 2021, and a quarter (24%) of the nearly 1 million COVID-19 deaths since the pandemic began.

Data on the real-world effectiveness and impact of the COVID-19 vaccines.

Ich möchte nochmal darauf hinweisen, dass es keinerlei Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen CoViD und Leberproblemen gibt! https://t.co/sGvW9IKrbwhttps://t.co/tDuwmUsR9jhttps://t.co/vVpl9UXXsWhttps://t.co/FSeGf2l8mehttps://t.co/t2YhwzLDkchttps://t.co/xy9vYN1KKL— Philipp S. Holstein (@PSHolstein) April 21, 2022

Objectives While pediatric population has largely remained free of severe COVID-19, in some cases SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with complications like Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C). We mention another unique presentation subsequent to asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2, a transient form of hepatitis designated as COVID-19 Associated Hepatitis in Children (CAH-C). The clinical presentations, temporal association and viral parameters of the cases of CAH-C contrasting to MIS-C hepatitis are presented here. Design As a retrospective and follow-up observational study we reviewed all pediatric patients presenting to our hospital with acute hepatitis. Increased number of such cases of hepatitis during the second wave of SARS CoV-2 infections, where children or adolescents developing sudden onset acute hepatitis with temporal relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and without prior liver disease or familiar etiology of acute hepatitis are described. Results Among 47 pediatric patients presented with hepatitis, 37 patients had features of CAH-C, they had symptoms of hepatitis only, with majority having unelevated inflammatory markers and uneventful recovery following supportive treatment. Whereas remaining 10 MIS-C hepatitis had protracted illness, multiple system involvement, required admission to critical care, and had mortality of 30% (3/10). Conclusion With the emergence of newer variants of concern (VOC) including the Delta variant which has now spread to more than 60 countries and was responsible for the massive wave of COVID-19 across India, with changing presentations, CAH-C might be one of them. Such new entities need to be identified and differentiated from other emerging syndromes in children for a timely and appropriate intervention. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement No external grant has been used for the study. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The study was approved by the IRB and the institutional human ethics committee, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar registration number ECR/1252/Inst/MP/2019. The follow-up and analysis work was performed after the ethical approval was granted by the institutional human ethics committee of our institute. Wide reference letter IEC/BMC/80/21. All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data related to the manuscript is available with the author. [https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/press\_realease\_files/ICMR\_PR\_IgG\_Elisa\_30052020.pdf][1] [1]: https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_realease_files/ICMR_PR_IgG_Elisa_30052020.pdf

Es werden 13 Fallberichte einer reaktiven Arthritis im Zusammenhang mit einer Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID‑19) referiert. Männer sind häufiger betroffen als Frauen. Die Arthritis manifestiert sich 4 bis 44 Tage ...

Since the start of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection has most commonly been confirmed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with results translated into a binary positive/negative outcomes. Previous studies have found that there is additional useful information in the level of the Cycle threshold (Ct value) of positive cases. Here we characterise variation in Ct values as a proxy for viral loads in more than 3 million test-positive COVID-19 cases in England with the aim of better quantifying the utility of such data. Methods We used individual N gene Ct values from symptomatic PCR positive (with Ct value less than 30) Pillar 2 cases in England who self-reported the date of symptom onset, and for whome age, reinfection status, variant status, and the number of vaccines recieved was available. Those with a positive test result more than 6 days after their reported symptom onset were excluded to mitigate the potential impact of recall bias. We used a generalised additive model, to estimate Ct values empirical mean Ct values for each strata of interest independently as well as to predict Ct values using a model that adjusted for a range of demographic and epidemiological covariates jointly. We present empirical Ct values and compare them to predicted mean Ct values. Results We found that mean Ct values varied by vaccine status, and reinfection status with the number of vaccine doses having little apparent effect. Modelling Ct values as a smooth function of time since onset and other variables struggled to reproduce the individual variation in the data but did match the population-level variation over time relatively well with this being apparently dominated by large differences between variants. Other variation over time was also captured to some degree though their remained several periods where the model could not capture the empirical means with a potential explanation being epidemic phase bias. Conclusions Analysising a large dataset of routine Ct values from symptomatic COVID-19 cases in England we found variation based on time since symptom onset, vaccine status, age, and variant. Ct values were highest 1-3 days after symptom onset and differed most due to variant status. We found no clear correlation between previously estimated differences in intrinsic transmissibility and Ct values indicating that this is potentially mediated at least partly by factors other than viral load as estimated using Ct values. We found evidence that a model adjusting for a range of covariates could explain some of the population-level variation over time but systematically underestimated Ct values when incidence was increasing, and overestimated them when incidence was decreasing. This indicates the utility of Ct values from this data source as a tool for surveillance, potentially avoiding some of the biases of aggregated positive counts.

The report provides an up-to-date review of the global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in care homes. We used a mixed methods approach to assess care home mortality by country, how the deaths compared with previous periods, and how excess deaths may be explained. We retrieved national datasets for 25 countries on mortality, 17 cohort studies assessing deaths compared to a previous period, and 16 cohort studies reporting interventions or factors associated with excess mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted those living in care homes at the highest risk for severe outcomes. However, the pandemic only highlighted and exacerbated a long-running problem: underfunding, poor structural layout, undertraining, under-skilling, under-equipping, and finally, lack of humanity in dealing with the most vulnerable members of society. The 17 cohort studies point to excess mortality worsening during the pandemic. Despite involving vast numbers of care homes around the globe, the quality of the evidence is not good. For example, the majority of the studies infer the cause of extra deaths from the observation window (mainly the spring of 2020) rather than through detailed investigations. This is why we do not draw any clear conclusions about the specific causes of death, apart from noting their significantly high numbers. In addition, we did not review all policy actions since 2020 but note there has been a scarcity of studies since then - an indicator that interest in this problem has waned and likely not been addressed. Analysis of national datasets for 25 countries shows that care home deaths were, on average, 30% of the total COVID-19 deaths (range: 9-64%). The quality of the current evidence base is limited, short term, and lacks standardised methods to prevent robust countrywide comparisons. Residual excess deaths were also observed, with excess mortality being reported for both COVID-19 positive and negative patients. Several reported interventions or factors suggest the potential to mitigate the risk in care homes substantially. Interventions that could reduce mortality include improving the care home quality, increasing staffing levels, reducing the number of beds in the facility, employing staff confinement strategies with residents, and improving clinical care such as implementing daily examinations. Some care home solutions like US ‘Green House’ homes, which usually have fewer than 12 beds, may provide crucial insights into the care home problem compared with larger homes. Furthermore, care home residents faced barriers accessing emergency treatments during the pandemic waves. Finally, interventions targeting care homes should be subject to smaller trials given large effect sizes in some studies. Approximately one per cent of the global population resides in care homes, while care home residents account for nearly one-third of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the 25 countries studied. Reducing this ratio requires analysing current care home infrastructures, funding models, and incentives for providing high-quality care. The scale of the problem in care homes requires robust evaluation and coordinated strategies to improve outcomes for those most vulnerable to COVID-19. Failure to address these systemic problems could mean global care home populations will be similarly affected by future crises and pandemics. ### Competing Interest Statement TJ's disclosure is available here: . CH holds grant funding from the NIHR, the NIHR School of Primary Care Research, the NIHR BRC Oxford and the World Health Organization for a series of Living rapid reviews on the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reference WHO registration No2020/1077093. He has received financial remuneration from an asbestos case and legal advice on mesh and hormone pregnancy tests cases. He has received expenses and fees for his media work, including periodic payments from the BBC, The Spectator, and other media outlets. He receives expenses for teaching EBM and is also paid for his G.P. work in NHS out of hours and regularly goes into care homes. He has also received income from publishing a series of toolkit books and appraising treatment recommendations in non-NHS settings. He is the Director of CEBM and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. He is co-director of the Global Centre for Healthcare and Urbanization based at Kellogg College at Oxford. He is a scientific advisor to Collateral Global that funds this review. JB is a significant shareholder in the Trip Database search engine ([www.tripdatabase.com][1]) and an employee. He has previously received funding from institutions such as WHO, NIHR. Collateral Global funds MD. ### Funding Statement This review received funding from Collateral Global. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data included in the review is linked to Figshare, an open access repository. See . [1]: http://www.tripdatabase.com

The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Japan in November 2021. This variant contains up to 36 mutations in the spike protein, the target of neutralizing antibodies, and can escape vaccine-induced immunity. A booster vaccination campaign began with healthcare workers and high-risk groups. Safety and immunogenicity of the three-dose vaccination against Omicron remain unknown. Methods A total of 272 healthcare workers were initially evaluated for long-term vaccine safety and immunogenicity. We further established a vaccinee panel to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity against variants of concern (VOCs), including the Omicron variants, using a live virus microneutralization assay. Findings Two-dose vaccination induced robust anti-spike antibodies and neutralization titers (NTs) against the ancestral strain WK-521, whereas NTs against VOCs were significantly lower. Within 93–247 days of the second vaccine dose, NTs against Omicron were completely abolished in up to 80% of individuals in the vaccinee panel. Booster dose induced a robust increase in anti-spike antibodies and NTs against the WK-521, Delta, and Omicron variants. There were no significant differences in the neutralization ability of sera from boosted individuals among the Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2. Boosting increased the breadth of humoral immunity and cross-reactivity with Omicron without changes in cytokine signatures and adverse event rate. Conclusions The third vaccination dose is safe and increases neutralization against Omicron variants.

Das Mittel von Johnson und Johnson galt bislang als der am wenigsten wirksame Impfstoff gegen das Coronavirus. Neue Daten aus den USA zeichnen jetzt ein anderes Bild – Fachleute sind verblüfft.

The omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated partial vaccine escape and high transmissibility, with early studies indicating lower severity of infection than that of the delta variant (B.1.617.2). We aimed to better characterise omicron severity relative to delta by assessing the relative risk of hospital attendance, hospital admission, or death in a large national cohort. Methods Individual-level data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases resident in England between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, were linked to routine datasets on vaccination status, hospital attendance and admission, and mortality. The relative risk of hospital attendance or admission within 14 days, or death within 28 days after confirmed infection, was estimated using proportional hazards regression. Analyses were stratified by test date, 10-year age band, ethnicity, residential region, and vaccination status, and were further adjusted for sex, index of multiple deprivation decile, evidence of a previous infection, and year of age within each age band. A secondary analysis estimated variant-specific and vaccine-specific vaccine effectiveness and the intrinsic relative severity of omicron infection compared with delta (ie, the relative risk in unvaccinated cases). Findings The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of hospital attendance (not necessarily resulting in admission) with omicron compared with delta was 0·56 (95% CI 0·54–0·58); for hospital admission and death, HR estimates were 0·41 (0·39–0·43) and 0·31 (0·26–0·37), respectively. Omicron versus delta HR estimates varied with age for all endpoints examined. The adjusted HR for hospital admission was 1·10 (0·85–1·42) in those younger than 10 years, decreasing to 0·25 (0·21–0·30) in 60–69-year-olds, and then increasing to 0·47 (0·40–0·56) in those aged at least 80 years. For both variants, past infection gave some protection against death both in vaccinated (HR 0·47 [0·32–0·68]) and unvaccinated (0·18 [0·06–0·57]) cases. In vaccinated cases, past infection offered no additional protection against hospital admission beyond that provided by vaccination (HR 0·96 [0·88–1·04]); however, for unvaccinated cases, past infection gave moderate protection (HR 0·55 [0·48–0·63]). Omicron versus delta HR estimates were lower for hospital admission (0·30 [0·28–0·32]) in unvaccinated cases than the corresponding HR estimated for all cases in the primary analysis. Booster vaccination with an mRNA vaccine was highly protective against hospitalisation and death in omicron cases (HR for hospital admission 8–11 weeks post-booster vs unvaccinated: 0·22 [0·20–0·24]), with the protection afforded after a booster not being affected by the vaccine used for doses 1 and 2. Interpretation The risk of severe outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection is substantially lower for omicron than for delta, with higher reductions for more severe endpoints and significant variation with age. Underlying the observed risks is a larger reduction in intrinsic severity (in unvaccinated individuals) counterbalanced by a reduction in vaccine effectiveness. Documented previous SARS-CoV-2 infection offered some protection against hospitalisation and high protection against death in unvaccinated individuals, but only offered additional protection in vaccinated individuals for the death endpoint. Booster vaccination with mRNA vaccines maintains over 70% protection against hospitalisation and death in breakthrough confirmed omicron infections.

Nature Reviews Microbiology - The comparatively milder infections with the Omicron variant and higher levels of population immunity have raised hopes for a weakening of the pandemic. We argue that...

1/🧵Es wird gerade Ergebnis einer US-Studie weit medial verbreitet, nach der Schutz vor Hospitalisierung wg #Omikron nach 3 Monaten nur noch ca. 50% betragen würde. Das ist aus verschiedenen Gründen irreführend und falsch➡️https://t.co/zgx77WRGW1— Jan Hartmann (@pelagicbird) April 26, 2022

Consumer-grade wearables are needed to track disease, especially in the ongoing pandemic, as they can monitor patients in real time. We show that decomposing heart rate from low-cost wearable technologies into signals from different systems can give a multidimensional description of physiological changes due to COVID-19 infection. We find that the separate physiological features of basal heart rate, heart rate response to physical activity, circadian variation in heart rate, and autocorrelation of heart rate are significantly altered and can classify symptomatic versus healthy periods. Increased heart rate and autocorrelation begin at symptom onset, while the heart rate response to activity increases soon after symptom onset and increases more in individuals exhibiting cough. Symptom onset is associated with a blunting of circadian variation in heart rate, as measured by the uncertainty in the phase estimate. This work establishes an innovative data analytic approach to monitor disease progression remotely using consumer-grade wearables.

Analyses were done for 11 123 hospital or emergency department admissions. In adjusted analyses, effectiveness of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine against the omicron variant was 41% (95% CI 21–55) against hospital admission and 31% (16–43) against emergency department admission at 9 months or longer after the second dose. After three doses, effectiveness of BNT162b2 against hospital admission due to the omicron variant was 85% (95% CI 80–89) at less than 3 months but fell to 55% (28–71) at 3 months or longer, although confidence intervals were wide for the latter estimate. Against emergency department admission, the effectiveness of three doses of BNT162b2 against the omicron variant was 77% (72–81) at less than 3 months but fell to 53% (36–66) at 3 months or longer. Trends in waning against SARS-CoV-2 outcomes due to the delta variant were generally similar, but with higher effectiveness estimates at each timepoint than those seen for the omicron variant.

Die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft informiert über den Stand der aktuellen Bettenbelegung bestätigter, stationärer COVID-19-Patientinnen und -Patienten in Deutschlands Krankenhäusern. Die Aktualisierung erfolgt werktäglich gegen 14 Uhr. Dabei handelt es sich um die Daten des Vortages, da ein Teil der länderspezifischen Datenquellen die Belegungsdaten erst mit einem Tag Verzug veröffentlicht. Da das Infektionsgeschehen sehr dynamisch verläuft, können die Daten von anderen Veröffentlichungen abweichen.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an international public health emergency. Although respiratory symptoms predominate the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, gastrointestinal ...

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Intramuscular AZD7442 (Tixagevimab–Cilgavimab) for Prevention of Covid-19

Nature Medicine - Therapeutic antibodies, and sera from immunocompromised individuals prophylactically treated with therapeutic antibodies, differ in neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2...

We read with great interest the article published by Zuo et al , which highlighted the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool samples during active and convalescence phases of COVID-19 infection.1 However, no study has reported the presence of viral antigens within GI and hepatic organs during the convalescent phase. Using conventional immunohistochemistry, we detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the colon, appendix, ileum, haemorrhoid, liver, gallbladder and lymph nodes (figure 1A–K) from five patients who recovered from COVID-19, ranging from 9 to 180 days after testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 (online supplemental table 1). Notably, when multiple tissues were obtained from one patient (patients 1 and 4), all the tissues showed the presence of the viral antigen, suggesting widespread multiorgan involvement of the viral infection. Interestingly, for the colon, the viral antigen was only present in normal colonic crypts and polyps but not in the neoplastic tissues (figure 1Q). Similar negative staining in the hepatocellular carcinoma tumour region was also observed (figure 1R) albeit the positive staining in some of the scattered immune cells (figure 1D). Validating our findings, we detected SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (figure 1L–P) and RNA (figure 2B–F) in the above-mentioned tissues using conventional immunohistochemistry and RNAscope, respectively. However, we were unable to detect viral RNA in some patients’ tissues (online supplemental table 1), possibly because of higher RNA degradation rate as compared with protein and other patient-dependent factors such as disease severity, time since recovery and basal metabolic rate.### Supplementary data [gutjnl-2021-324280supp001.pdf] Figure 1 Immunohistochemical staining of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in intestinal and hepatic tissues. (A and B) Positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) staining in colonic crypts (A) and appendix (B), both with a granular supranuclear cytoplasmic pattern. (C) positive SARS-CoV-2 NP staining in scattered immune cells in haemorrhoid tissue (red …

We read with great interest the article published by Zuo et al , which highlighted the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool samples during active and convalescence phases of COVID-19 infection.1 However, no study has reported the presence of viral antigens within GI and hepatic organs during the convalescent phase. Using conventional immunohistochemistry, we detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the colon, appendix, ileum, haemorrhoid, liver, gallbladder and lymph nodes (figure 1A–K) from five patients who recovered from COVID-19, ranging from 9 to 180 days after testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 (online supplemental table 1). Notably, when multiple tissues were obtained from one patient (patients 1 and 4), all the tissues showed the presence of the viral antigen, suggesting widespread multiorgan involvement of the viral infection. Interestingly, for the colon, the viral antigen was only present in normal colonic crypts and polyps but not in the neoplastic tissues (figure 1Q). Similar negative staining in the hepatocellular carcinoma tumour region was also observed (figure 1R) albeit the positive staining in some of the scattered immune cells (figure 1D). Validating our findings, we detected SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (figure 1L–P) and RNA (figure 2B–F) in the above-mentioned tissues using conventional immunohistochemistry and RNAscope, respectively. However, we were unable to detect viral RNA in some patients’ tissues (online supplemental table 1), possibly because of higher RNA degradation rate as compared with protein and other patient-dependent factors such as disease severity, time since recovery and basal metabolic rate.### Supplementary data [gutjnl-2021-324280supp001.pdf] Figure 1 Immunohistochemical staining of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in intestinal and hepatic tissues. (A and B) Positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) staining in colonic crypts (A) and appendix (B), both with a granular supranuclear cytoplasmic pattern. (C) positive SARS-CoV-2 NP staining in scattered immune cells in haemorrhoid tissue (red …

1/ Covid: Study from India shows 'sudden rise' in children with Hepatitis after 'mild' and asymptomatic infections as UKHSA claims that the sudden rise in Hep in kids in the UK is due to a common cold virus. Kids developed Hep after mild and asymptomatic infections. pic.twitter.com/FliLWWXS5x— Chris Turnbull (@EnemyInAState) April 14, 2022

Expanding the arsenal of prophylactic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance, specifically those strategies that are resistant to antigenic drift in Spike. Here, we conducted a screen with over 16,000 RNAi triggers against the SARS-CoV-2 genome using a massively parallel assay to identify hyper-potent siRNAs. We selected 10 candidates for in vitro validation and found five siRNAs that exhibited hyper-potent activity with IC50

Objective To directly measure the fatal impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in an urban African population. Design Prospective systematic postmortem surveillance study. Setting Zambia’s largest tertiary care referral hospital. Participants Deceased people of all ages at the University Teaching Hospital morgue in Lusaka, Zambia, enrolled within 48 hours of death. Main outcome measure Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs were tested via reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Deaths were stratified by covis-19 status, location, age, sex, and underlying risk factors. Results 372 participants were enrolled between June and September 2020; PCR results were available for 364 (97.8%). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 58/364 (15.9%) according to the recommended cycle threshold value of

#CoronaInfo – Die seit Anfang Januar dominierende Omikron-Variante von SARS-CoV-2 macht die Menschen seltener schwer krank als die Delta-Variante davor. Das ist vor allem von Krankenhauseinweisungen bekannt, aber wie sind die Unterschiede bei milderen Verläufen? … (1/8)— Emanuel Wyler (@ewyler) April 19, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have caused multiple waves of infection globally. This phase 2/3 study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccine candidate mRNA-1273.211 (equal mRNA amounts of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant spik...

Adolescents who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had similar symptoms to those who tested negative, but had a higher prevalence of single and, particularly, multiple symptoms at the time of PCR testing and 3 months later. Clinicians should consider multiple symptoms that affect functioning and recognise different clusters of symptoms. The multiple and varied symptoms show that a multicomponent intervention will be required, and that mental and physical health symptoms occur concurrently, reflecting their close relationship.

Aerosol particles of respirable size are exhaled when individuals breathe, speak and sing and can transmit respiratory pathogens between infected and susceptible individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the need to improve the ...