Covid19-Sources

This cohort study investigates the association between booster vaccinations containing the JN.1 lineage and 29 serious adverse events in Denmark.

This review considers that many organs other than the lungs are affected by COVID-19. Early research largely concentrated on lung damage, although new information indicates that the virus damages at least ten primary body systems: cardiovascular, neurological, renal, hepatic, endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, immune and mental health. The author considers clinical trials, pathology, imaging results and biomarker investigations published by mid-2022. Common abnormalities include endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, cytokine storms and microvascular damage, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease in the entire body. In this article, mild infections may lead to severe conditions including but not limited to myocarditis, brain fog, kidney disorders or immune system burnout. It also examines existing and emerging treatments-antifibrotics, immune modulators and vascular-targeted therapies-and demands a standardized approach to monitoring and management of patients on a long-term basis. This review highlighting that COVID 19 is a long-term systemic disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach.

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Scientific Reports - Inflammatory, fibrotic and endothelial biomarker profiles in COVID-19 patients during and following hospitalization

Translational Psychiatry - Neuroimaging insights into the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Langfristige gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von COVID-19 bei Kindern Eine neue Studie mit dem bislang umfassendsten metabolischen Profil einer pädiatrischen SARS-CoV-2-Infektion zeigt, dass „trotz typischerweise milderer Symptome während einer akuten COVID-19-Infektion die …

NIH-funded study focused on original virus strain, unvaccinated participants during pandemic.

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Long COVID presents complex symptoms without clear diagnostic criteria, challenging traditional medical understanding and emphasizing the need for compassionate care.

SARS-CoV-2 induces amyloid-β pathology in the central nervous system.

This article after additional peer review at Medical Review and subsequent changes is now also published at https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0030 Introduction Symptomatic Long COVID affects 10-30% of the COVID-19-infected population depending on what symptoms are measured. (1-3) Organ damage might affect over 50% of post-COVID-19 individuals (4-6) and perhaps more in adolescents and children. (7) As COVID-19 continues … Continued

A new study reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein remains in brain-protective tissues and skull bone marrow for years after infection, potentially driving long COVID's neurological symptoms.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic. After the success of therapeutics and worldwide vaccination, the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections are yet to be determined. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include the loss of taste and smell, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infection has a potentially detrimental effect on neurons within the olfactory/taste pathways, with direct access to the central nervous system (CNS). This could explain the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens in the brains of COVID-19 patients. Different viruses display neurotropism that causes impaired neurodevelopment and/or neurodegeneration. Hence, it is plausible that COVID-19-associated neuropathologies are directly driven by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CNS. Microglia, resident immune cells of the brain, are constantly under investigation as their surveillance role has been suggested to act as a friend or a foe impacting the progression of neurological disorders. Herein, we review the current literature suggesting microglia potentially been a susceptible target by SARS-CoV-2 virions and their role in viral dissemination within the CNS. Particular attention is given to the different experimental models and their translational potential. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Microglia CNS Neuroinflammation

Scientific Reports - Remodeling of intracellular architecture during SARS-CoV-2 infection of human endothelium

VIRGINIA (DC News Now) — Imagine being able to walk into a crowded store, restaurant or even movie theater and be able to detect if there’s COVID-19 in the air. It could be a reality in just a few years as a team at Virginia Tech is developing what is essentially a portable rapid test […]

IntroductionLong COVID is a debilitating condition that lasts for more than three months post-infection by SARS–CoV–2. On average, one in ten individuals inf...

Opinion: Kevin Kavanagh, MD, examines a summary of studies on how COVID-19 may damage the brain's frontal lobes, alter personality traits and cognitive functions, and potentially reshape society's dynamics.

Medical News: The Overlooked Culprit Behind Lingering Symptoms Emerging scientific evidence is now pointing to a new root cause behind Long COVID and the growing wave of chronic health problems seen after COVID-19 infection — mitochondrial damage. According to a comprehensive study by researchers from the University of Copenhagen’s Department of Biomedical Sciences, the Copenhagen Uni...

npj Metabolic Health and Disease - Mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19 and risk of non-communicable diseases

SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to potentially remain in the lower respiratory tract for some time after it is no longer detectable in the upper respiratory tract, and this could be a source of reactivation. Reactivation of latent viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is often a clinical problem. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and has a high mortality rate in allo-HSCT recipients. However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2 reactivation following allo-HSCT. In this report, a patient with severe aplastic anemia first developed mild COVID-19 (day 0) with negative antigen test results on day 27. Three months later (day 97), the patient underwent allo-HSCT. Two months post-transplantation (day 157, i.e., five months after the initial infection), the patient developed rapidly progressive respiratory failure and was diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Since the patient was hospitalized and there was no obvious route of infection, we have concluded that reactivation of SARS-CoV-2, which had infected the patient five months earlier, occurred under an immunosuppressive state after allo-HSCT. Regarding allo-HSCT in patients who have previously developed COVID-19, careful monitoring using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect SARS-CoV-2 could be useful for detecting SARS-CoV-2 reactivation and providing early treatment to prevent fatal COVID-19.

Scientific Reports - Mapping brain changes in post-COVID-19 cognitive decline via FDG PET hypometabolism and EEG slowing

Ungeimpfte Kinder und Jugendliche erkrankten bis zu 20-mal häufiger an Long COVID als geimpfte Altersgenossen. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine amerikanische Studie. Die Analyse deutet jedoch auch darauf hin, dass dies in erster Linie auf der Verhinderung einer COVID-Infektion beruht und nicht auf einem speziellen Schutz vor Long COVID selbst.

The long-term impact of COVID-19 on the brain is multifaceted, encompassing structural and functional disruptions. A cohesive theory of the underlying mechanisms of the Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) remains unknown, primarily due to high variability in findings across independent studies. Here, we present a multimodal, cross-sectional MRI analysis of brain morphology (T1-MRI), tissue microstructure (diffusion-MRI), functional connectivity (functional-MRI), and cerebral blood flow (Arterial Spin Labeling MRI) in COVID-Recovered Patients (CRPs, N=76) and Healthy Controls (HCs, N=51). Although the global brain volumes did not differ between the two groups, CRPs showed focal atrophy in the right basal ganglia and limbic structures, along with cortical thinning in paralimbic regions (prefrontal cortex, insula) (p0.05). Diffusion MRI analysis revealed reduced fractional anisotropy and elevated radial diffusivity in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum. No differences were observed in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and cerebral blood flow between HCs and CRPs (p0.05). We further investigated the effect of infection severity by stratifying the CRPs into hospitalized (HP; N = 21) and non-hospitalized (NHP; N = 46) groups. The microstructural damage was linked to infection severity, more pronounced in the HPs (p0.05). In HPs, RSFC was diminished between components of the default mode network and the insula and caudate as compared to HCs and NHPs (p0.05). Results suggest COVID-19 is associated with selective structural and functional alterations in basal ganglia–limbic–cortical circuits, with stronger effects in severe cases. Our findings are in line with common prevalent behavioral symptoms such as fatigue, memory impairment, attentional deficits, and insomnia. This study suggests that localized microstructural neuroinflammatory mechanisms contribute to post-COVID neurological symptoms and offers potential imaging biomarkers for targeted therapies and monitoring recovery. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement The work is supported by MeitY (Government of India) under grant 4(16)/2019-ITEA and Cadence Chair Professor fund awarded to Dr. Tapan Kumar Gandhi. The work is also supported by the Prime Minister Research Fellowship awarded to Ms. Sapna S Mishra. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: Data collection occurred under the purview of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, and all imaging procedures were conducted at Mahajan Imaging Center, New Delhi in accordance with the Institute Review Board (IRB) regulations. The pilot study was approved by the ethics committee of the Mahajan Imaging Center, and the entire study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. All subjects provided informed consent before any behavioural or physical data was collected. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes

The clinical consequences of repeated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are unclear, especially as they relate to long-term symptom

The body’s innate and acquiredimmunesystems are critical in responses to a wide spectrum of assaults, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identify stud…

A recent study reveals that longer flights without enforced masking significantly increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, while enforced masking on long-haul flights effectively prevents in-flight transmission. The findings underscore the importance of mask enforcement in reducing COVID-19 spread on aircraft.

World’s largest ‘longitudinal cohort study’ reports that older teens and society’s most disadvantaged most likely to be affected

Air travel review reveals sporadic SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with mask use and seating proximity key to infection risk.

The Royal Commission of Inquiry into lessons learned from NZ's response to the Covid-19 pandemic has released the first phase of its findings. The over 700-page report was delivered to the Internal Affairs Minister and made publicly available this afternoon. The report lists 39 recommendations to t

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread globally. Potentially infected individuals travel on commercial aircraft. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and test the association between the use of face masks, physical distance, and COVID-19 among passengers and flight attendants exposed to a COVID-19 passenger in a domestic flight. Methods This observational study investigated passengers and flight attendants exposed to COVID-19 on March 23, 2020, on board a flight to Naha City, Japan. Secondary attack rates were calculated. Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 was used to identify the infectious linkage between confirmed cases in this clustering. The association between confirmed COVID-19 and proximity of passengers' seats to the index case and/or the use of face masks was estimated using logistic regression. Results Fourteen confirmed and six probable cases were identified among passengers and flight attendants. The secondary attack rate was 9.7%. Twelve of 14 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences in confirmed cases were identical to that of the index case or showed only one nucleotide mutation. Risk factors for infection included not using a face mask (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 7.29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.86-28.6), partial face mask use (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 0.83-10.8), and being seated within two rows from the index patient (aOR: 7.47, 95% CI: 2.06-27.2). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted on the airplane. Nonuse of face masks was identified as an independent risk factor for contracting COVID-19 on the airplane.