Health

This cohort study evaluates the risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 or seasonal influenza following the emergence of the JN.1 variant in winter 2023.

Schwacher Harnstrahl, Schmerzen beim Wasserlassen, häufige Harnwegsinfekte – mögliche Symptome einer Harnröhrenenge. Hier erfahren Sie wie sie entsteht, wie man sie erkennt und wie sie behandelt wird

As an avian influenza virus panzootic is underway, the threat of a human pandemic is emerging. Infections among mammalian species in frequent contact with humans should be closely monitored. One mammalian family, the Felidae, is of particular concern. Felids, known as felines or cats, are susceptible to avian influenza virus infection. Felines prey on wild birds and may serve as a host for avian influenza virus adaptation to mammals. Feline-to-feline transmission has been demonstrated experimentally [[1][1]], and real-world outbreaks have been reported [[2][2],[3][3]]. Domestic cats are a popular human companion animal and thus provide a potential pathway for zoonotic spillover of avian influenza viruses to humans. Here, we provide a systematic review of the scientific literature to describe the epidemiology and global distribution of avian influenza virus infections in felines reported from 2004 – 2024. We aim to provide a comprehensive background for the assessment of the current risk, as well as bring awareness to the recurring phenomenon of AIV infection in felines. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement We acknowledge the support of the University of Maryland Baltimore, Institute for Clinical & Translational Research (ICTR) and the University of Maryland Strategic Partnership: MPowering the State (MPower). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3

Early after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the detection of influenza B/Yamagata cases decreased globally. Given the potential public health implications of this decline, in this Review, we systematically analysed data on influenza B/Yamagata virus circulation (for 2020–23) from multiple complementary sources of information. We identified relevant articles published in PubMed and Embase, and data from the FluNet, Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, and GenBank databases, webpages of respiratory virus surveillance systems from countries worldwide, and the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network.

Far-right media figures are promoting the purported health benefits of raw, unpasteurized milk even though the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warn that it could cause serious illness and even death. Some of those figures championed raw milk, calling it “real milk,” claiming it could “reverse serious health issues,” and accusing the government of attempting to keep it away from people.

Warum man Reisgerichte lieber gleich aufessen oder schnell kühlen sollte

Analyzing anatomic shapes of tissues and organs is pivotal for accurate disease diagnostics and clinical decision-making. One prominent disease that depends on anatomic shape analysis is osteoarthritis, which affects 30 million Americans. To advance osteoarthritis diagnostics and prognostics, we introduce ShapeMed-Knee, a 3D shape dataset with 9,376 high-resolution, medical imaging-based 3D shapes of both femur bone and cartilage. Besides data, ShapeMed-Knee includes two benchmarks for assessing reconstruction accuracy and five clinical prediction tasks that assess the utility of learned shape representations. Leveraging ShapeMed-Knee, we develop and evaluate a novel hybrid explicit-implicit neural shape model which achieves up to 40% better reconstruction accuracy than a statistical shape model and implicit neural shape model. Our hybrid models achieve state-of-the-art performance for preserving cartilage biomarkers; they are also the first models to successfully predict localized structural features of osteoarthritis, outperforming shape models and convolutional neural networks applied to raw magnetic resonance images and segmentations. The ShapeMed-Knee dataset provides medical evaluations to reconstruct multiple anatomic surfaces and embed meaningful disease-specific information. ShapeMed-Knee reduces barriers to applying 3D modeling in medicine, and our benchmarks highlight that advancements in 3D modeling can enhance the diagnosis and risk stratification for complex diseases. The dataset, code, and benchmarks will be made freely accessible. ### Competing Interest Statement AAG is a shareholder of NeuralSeg Ltd., and GeminiOV. ### Funding Statement This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health R01 AR077604, R01 EB002524, R01 AR079431, P41 EB027060, the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, and a CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: Data were acquired from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). https://nda.nih.gov/oai I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced are available online at https://huggingface.co/datasets/aagatti/ShapeMedKnee

Nature - Scientists identify the brain cells that regulate inflammation, and pinpoint how they keep tabs on the immune response.

Sometimes something happens that takes your breath away, in a good way. Those who read my stuff know I’m not someone who gets carried away by optimism, to say the least. But a new paper by scientists at Columbia has blown me away. Researchers have made a discovery, which, if it holds up, has the potential to transform treatments for autoimmune diseases and post-viral illness like long covid and myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cross species barriers and have the potential to cause pandemics. In North America, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses related to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Our genomic analysis and epidemiological investigation showed that a reassortment event in wild bird populations preceded a single wild bird-to-cattle transmission episode. The movement of asymptomatic cattle has likely played a role in the spread of HPAI within the United States dairy herd. Some molecular markers in virus populations were detected at low frequency that may lead to changes in transmission efficiency and phenotype after evolution in dairy cattle. Continued transmission of H5N1 HPAI within dairy cattle increases the risk for infection and subsequent spread of the virus to human populations.

Although latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent of human infections, it has been generally assumed that, except for congenital transmission, it is asymptomatic. The demonstration that latent Toxoplasma infections can alter ...

Objective: To determine whether vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of exercise-induced bronchoconstriciton (EIB) in South African schoolchildren. Methods: Sub-study (n=450) in Cape Town schoolchildren aged 8-11 years, nested within a phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial (ViDiKids). The intervention was weekly oral doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=228) or placebo (n=222) for 3 years. Outcome measures were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) concentrations, grip strength, standing long jump distance, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and the proportion of children with EIB, all measured at end-study. Results: 64.7% of participants had serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations 75 nmol/L at baseline. At 3-year follow-up, children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo had higher mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations (97.6 vs. 58.8 nmol/L respectively; adjusted mean difference [aMD] 39.9 nmol/L, 95% CI 36.1 to 43.6) and long jump distance (128.3 vs. 122.1 cm; aMD 3.6 cm, 95% CI 0.0 to 7.2). No end-study differences in grip strength, VO2peak, or spirometric lung volumes were seen, but administration of vitamin D vs. placebo was associated with a borderline-significant increased risk of EIB (14.5% vs. 8.6%; adjusted odds ratio 1.92, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.73). Conclusion: A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 10,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in South African schoolchildren and induced a small increase in long jump distance, but had no effect on grip strength or VO2 peak. Potential effects of vitamin D on risk of EIB require further research. ### Competing Interest Statement ARM declares receipt of funding in the last 36 months to support vitamin D research from the following companies who manufacture or sell vitamin D supplements: Pharma Nord Ltd, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Thornton & Ross Ltd and Hyphens Pharma Ltd. ARM also declares receipt of vitamin D capsules for clinical trial use from Pharma Nord Ltd, Synergy Biologics Ltd and Cytoplan Ltd; support for attending meetings from Pharma Nord Ltd and Abiogen Pharma Ltd; receipt of consultancy fees from DSM Nutritional Products Ltd and Qiagen Ltd; receipt of a speaker fee from the Linus Pauling Institute; participation on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for the VITALITY trial (Vitamin D for Adolescents with HIV to reduce musculoskeletal morbidity and immunopathology, Pan African Clinical Trials Registry ref PACTR20200989766029) and the Trial of Vitamin D and Zinc Supplementation for Improving Treatment Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients in India (ClinicalTrials.gov ref [NCT04641195][1]); and unpaid work as a Programme Committee member for the Vitamin D Workshop. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. ### Clinical Trial NCT02880982 ### Funding Statement This research was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (refs MR/R023050/1 and MR/M026639/1, both awarded to ARM). RJW was supported by Wellcome (104803, 203135). He also received support from the Francis Crick Institute which is funded by Cancer Research UK (FC2112), the UK Medical Research Council (FC2112) and Wellcome (FC2112). NCH and CC are supported by the UK Medical Research Council [MC\_PC\_21003; MC\_PC\_21001]. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The trial was approved by the University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 796/2015) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Observational/Interventions Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 7450-2). Participants and their parents/guardians provided written informed assent and consent, respectively, to take part in the trial before any study procedures were conducted. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Anonymised data are available from corresponding authors upon reasonable request, subject to terms of IRB and regulatory approval. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT04641195&atom=%2Fmedrxiv%2Fearly%2F2024%2F03%2F27%2F2024.03.26.24304912.atom

Was eine vaginale Geburt im Beckenboden anrichten kann, erfahren viele Frauen erst, wenn sie unter den Folgeschäden leiden. Zwei Mütter erzählen

Wer kümmert sich um die Menschen, die unter den Spätfolgen einer Corona-Infektion leiden? Kaum jemand. Die Gründe dafür liegen auf der Hand.

Bisher waren Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen weltweit am stärksten verbreitet. Einer neuen Studie zufolge rücken nun Demenz, Migräne, Schlaganfall und Co auf Platz eins. Heilen lässt sich davon meist nichts, aber vorbeugen.

The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19−) and non-LLPC (CD19+) subsets within the BM. All individuals had IgG ASC specific for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 in at least one BM ASC compartment. However, only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASC were readily detected in the LLPC whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly excluded. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44, and 29.07, respectively. Even in five patients with known PCR-proven history of infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASC were mostly excluded from the LLPC. These specificities were further validated by using multiplex bead binding assays of secreted antibodies in the supernatants of cultured ASC. Similarly, the IgG ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.66, 0.44, and 23.26, respectively. In all, our studies demonstrate that rapid waning of serum antibodies is accounted for by the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce BM LLPC. ### Competing Interest Statement FEL is the founder of Micro-Bplex, Inc., serves on the scientific board of Be Biopharma, is a recipient of grants from the BMGF and Genentech, Inc., and has served as a consultant for Astra Zeneca. IS has consulted for GSK, Pfizer, Kayverna, Johnson & Johnson, Celgene, Bristol Myer Squibb, and Visterra. FEL, DN, and IS are inventors of the patents concerning the plasma cell survival media related to this work (issued 9/21/21, US 11,124766 B2 PCT/US2016/036650; and issued 9/21/21, US 11,125757 B2). The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. ### Funding Statement This work was supported by the following grants: NIH/NIAID R01AI172254, R01AI121252, 1P01AI125180, U01AI141993, U54CA260563, NIH/NHLBI T32HL116271, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grant INV-002351. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: All studies were approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board Committees. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors.

Journal of Biophotonics, a Wiley physics journal, publishes research at the interface of photonics & life science, medicine, environmental science, nutrition & biology.

Alcohol is one of the most commonly misused substances in our lives. However, long-term heavy drinking will increase the colonization of some opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae) in the body. Here, we revealed that binge-on-chronic ...

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the US, and the number of attributable deaths continues to increase. Risk of suicide-related behaviors (SRBs) is dynamic, and SRBs can occur across a continuum of time and locations. However, current SRB risk assessment methods, whether conducted by clinicians or through machine learning models, treat SRB risk as static and are confined to specific times and locations, such as following a hospital visit. Such a paradigm is unrealistic as SRB risk fluctuates and creates time gaps in the availability of risk scores. Here, we develop two closely related model classes, Event-GRU-ODE and Event-GRU-Discretized, that can predict the dynamic risk of events as a continuous trajectory based on Neural ODEs, an advanced AI model class for time series prediction. As such, these models can estimate changes in risk across the continuum of future time points, even without new observations, and can update these estimations as new data becomes available. We train and validate these models for SRB prediction using a large electronic health records database. Both models demonstrated high discrimination performance for SRB prediction (e.g., AUROC 0.92 in the full, general cohort), serving as an initial step toward developing novel and comprehensive suicide prevention strategies based on dynamic changes in risk. ### Competing Interest Statement Dr. Smoller is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Sensorium Therapeutics (with equity), and has received grant support from Biogen, Inc. He is PI of a collaborative study of the genetics of depression and bipolar disorder sponsored by 23andMe for which 23andMe provides analysis time as in-kind support but no payments. The authors have no other conflict of interests to disclose. ### Funding Statement This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Drs. Smoller, Sheu, and Mr. Lee were supported in part by NIMH R01 MH117599. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This study was reviewed and approved by institutional review board of the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Healthcare System (Boston, MA, USA; Protocol number: #2020P000777), which granted permission to process and analyze the electronic healthcare data provided by MGB for the purpose of this study. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Protected Health Information restrictions apply to the availability of the clinical data here, which were used under IRB approval for use only in the current study. As a result, this dataset is not publicly available.

Brain repair by cell replacement and regeneration

Forschende in den Niederlanden machen Menschen mit Kniearthrose Hoffnung. Sie haben ein Verfahren entwickelt, das im Gelenk neuen Knorpel wachsen lässt und auch die Beschwerden lindert. Werden Endoprothesen überflüssig?

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases, characterized by absolute insulin deficiency caused via inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic β-cell. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of diseases. Almost ⅕ of cases involve people under the age of 20. In recent years, the incidence of both T1D and obesity has been increasing, especially among children, adolescents, and young people. In addition, according to the latest study, the prevalence of overweight or obesity in people with T1D has increased significantly. The risk factors of weight gain included using exogenous insulin, intensifying insulin therapy, fear of hypoglycemia and related decrease in physical activity, and psychological factors, such as emotional eating and binge eating. It has also been suggested that T1D may be a complication of obesity. The relationship between body size in childhood, increase in body mass index values in late adolescence and the development of T1D in young adulthood is considered. Moreover, the coexistence of T1D and T2D is increasingly observed, this situation is called double or hybrid diabetes. This is associated with an increased risk of the earlier development of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and consequently a shortening of life. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the relationships between overweight or obesity and T1D.

Background The association between snoring, a very common condition that increases with age, and dementia risk is controversial. Snoring is linked to obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiometabolic conditions, both of which are associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, snoring also increases with body mass index (BMI), which in late life is linked to lower dementia risk, possibly due to metabolic changes during prodromal dementia. Methods The prospective cohort study used data from 450,027 UK Biobank participants with snoring measured at baseline (2006 - 2010), and followed up for dementia diagnosis (censored at 2022). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis used summary statistics for genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 94,437; cases = 35,274) and snoring (n = 408,317; snorers = 151,011). Results During a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 7,937 individuals developed dementia. Snoring was associated with an 8% lower risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88 to 0.97) and AD (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). The association was stronger in older individuals, APOE4 allele carriers, and during shorter follow-up periods. MR analyses suggested no causal effect of snoring on AD, however, genetic liability to AD was associated with a lower risk of snoring. Multivariable MR indicated that the effect of AD on snoring was primarily driven by BMI. Conclusions The phenotypic association between snoring and lower dementia risk likely stems from reverse causation, with genetic predisposition to AD associated with reduced snoring. This may be driven by weight loss in prodromal AD. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement Yaqing Gao is funded through Jardine-Oxford Graduate Scholarship. Dr. Yue Leng is supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) (R00AG056598). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee granted approval to UK Biobank. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes The UK Biobank data is accessible online at https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk for researchers who have received approval for their proposals of data use from the UK Biobank.

Several studies now show an elevated risk of heart problems during and after an infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Cancer patients appeared to benefit from natural killer cells obtained from donors in an experimental method of treating cancer that involved an aggressive army of immune system fighters endowed with ...

Modeling mpox infection in rhesus macaques demonstrates the protective efficacy of natural immunity induced by three routes of viral exposure against re-challenge.

Scientific research links many benefits to intermediate fasting. From improved blood pressure and resting heart rate to enhanced cognitive and physical performance.

Time-restricted eating is hot at the moment, as many studies show that it has various health benefits. However, the exact reason why it has so many benefits remains unknown. In a new study, scientists at the Salk Institute tried to uncover this mystery on a molecular level.