Health

Was eine vaginale Geburt im Beckenboden anrichten kann, erfahren viele Frauen erst, wenn sie unter den Folgeschäden leiden. Zwei Mütter erzählen

Wer kümmert sich um die Menschen, die unter den Spätfolgen einer Corona-Infektion leiden? Kaum jemand. Die Gründe dafür liegen auf der Hand.

Bisher waren Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen weltweit am stärksten verbreitet. Einer neuen Studie zufolge rücken nun Demenz, Migräne, Schlaganfall und Co auf Platz eins. Heilen lässt sich davon meist nichts, aber vorbeugen.

The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19−) and non-LLPC (CD19+) subsets within the BM. All individuals had IgG ASC specific for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 in at least one BM ASC compartment. However, only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASC were readily detected in the LLPC whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly excluded. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44, and 29.07, respectively. Even in five patients with known PCR-proven history of infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASC were mostly excluded from the LLPC. These specificities were further validated by using multiplex bead binding assays of secreted antibodies in the supernatants of cultured ASC. Similarly, the IgG ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.66, 0.44, and 23.26, respectively. In all, our studies demonstrate that rapid waning of serum antibodies is accounted for by the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce BM LLPC. ### Competing Interest Statement FEL is the founder of Micro-Bplex, Inc., serves on the scientific board of Be Biopharma, is a recipient of grants from the BMGF and Genentech, Inc., and has served as a consultant for Astra Zeneca. IS has consulted for GSK, Pfizer, Kayverna, Johnson & Johnson, Celgene, Bristol Myer Squibb, and Visterra. FEL, DN, and IS are inventors of the patents concerning the plasma cell survival media related to this work (issued 9/21/21, US 11,124766 B2 PCT/US2016/036650; and issued 9/21/21, US 11,125757 B2). The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. ### Funding Statement This work was supported by the following grants: NIH/NIAID R01AI172254, R01AI121252, 1P01AI125180, U01AI141993, U54CA260563, NIH/NHLBI T32HL116271, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grant INV-002351. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: All studies were approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board Committees. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors.

Journal of Biophotonics, a Wiley physics journal, publishes research at the interface of photonics & life science, medicine, environmental science, nutrition & biology.

Alcohol is one of the most commonly misused substances in our lives. However, long-term heavy drinking will increase the colonization of some opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae) in the body. Here, we revealed that binge-on-chronic ...

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the US, and the number of attributable deaths continues to increase. Risk of suicide-related behaviors (SRBs) is dynamic, and SRBs can occur across a continuum of time and locations. However, current SRB risk assessment methods, whether conducted by clinicians or through machine learning models, treat SRB risk as static and are confined to specific times and locations, such as following a hospital visit. Such a paradigm is unrealistic as SRB risk fluctuates and creates time gaps in the availability of risk scores. Here, we develop two closely related model classes, Event-GRU-ODE and Event-GRU-Discretized, that can predict the dynamic risk of events as a continuous trajectory based on Neural ODEs, an advanced AI model class for time series prediction. As such, these models can estimate changes in risk across the continuum of future time points, even without new observations, and can update these estimations as new data becomes available. We train and validate these models for SRB prediction using a large electronic health records database. Both models demonstrated high discrimination performance for SRB prediction (e.g., AUROC 0.92 in the full, general cohort), serving as an initial step toward developing novel and comprehensive suicide prevention strategies based on dynamic changes in risk. ### Competing Interest Statement Dr. Smoller is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Sensorium Therapeutics (with equity), and has received grant support from Biogen, Inc. He is PI of a collaborative study of the genetics of depression and bipolar disorder sponsored by 23andMe for which 23andMe provides analysis time as in-kind support but no payments. The authors have no other conflict of interests to disclose. ### Funding Statement This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Drs. Smoller, Sheu, and Mr. Lee were supported in part by NIMH R01 MH117599. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This study was reviewed and approved by institutional review board of the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Healthcare System (Boston, MA, USA; Protocol number: #2020P000777), which granted permission to process and analyze the electronic healthcare data provided by MGB for the purpose of this study. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Protected Health Information restrictions apply to the availability of the clinical data here, which were used under IRB approval for use only in the current study. As a result, this dataset is not publicly available.

Brain repair by cell replacement and regeneration

Forschende in den Niederlanden machen Menschen mit Kniearthrose Hoffnung. Sie haben ein Verfahren entwickelt, das im Gelenk neuen Knorpel wachsen lässt und auch die Beschwerden lindert. Werden Endoprothesen überflüssig?

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases, characterized by absolute insulin deficiency caused via inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic β-cell. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of diseases. Almost ⅕ of cases involve people under the age of 20. In recent years, the incidence of both T1D and obesity has been increasing, especially among children, adolescents, and young people. In addition, according to the latest study, the prevalence of overweight or obesity in people with T1D has increased significantly. The risk factors of weight gain included using exogenous insulin, intensifying insulin therapy, fear of hypoglycemia and related decrease in physical activity, and psychological factors, such as emotional eating and binge eating. It has also been suggested that T1D may be a complication of obesity. The relationship between body size in childhood, increase in body mass index values in late adolescence and the development of T1D in young adulthood is considered. Moreover, the coexistence of T1D and T2D is increasingly observed, this situation is called double or hybrid diabetes. This is associated with an increased risk of the earlier development of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and consequently a shortening of life. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the relationships between overweight or obesity and T1D.

Background The association between snoring, a very common condition that increases with age, and dementia risk is controversial. Snoring is linked to obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiometabolic conditions, both of which are associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, snoring also increases with body mass index (BMI), which in late life is linked to lower dementia risk, possibly due to metabolic changes during prodromal dementia. Methods The prospective cohort study used data from 450,027 UK Biobank participants with snoring measured at baseline (2006 - 2010), and followed up for dementia diagnosis (censored at 2022). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis used summary statistics for genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 94,437; cases = 35,274) and snoring (n = 408,317; snorers = 151,011). Results During a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 7,937 individuals developed dementia. Snoring was associated with an 8% lower risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88 to 0.97) and AD (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). The association was stronger in older individuals, APOE4 allele carriers, and during shorter follow-up periods. MR analyses suggested no causal effect of snoring on AD, however, genetic liability to AD was associated with a lower risk of snoring. Multivariable MR indicated that the effect of AD on snoring was primarily driven by BMI. Conclusions The phenotypic association between snoring and lower dementia risk likely stems from reverse causation, with genetic predisposition to AD associated with reduced snoring. This may be driven by weight loss in prodromal AD. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement Yaqing Gao is funded through Jardine-Oxford Graduate Scholarship. Dr. Yue Leng is supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) (R00AG056598). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee granted approval to UK Biobank. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes The UK Biobank data is accessible online at https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk for researchers who have received approval for their proposals of data use from the UK Biobank.

Several studies now show an elevated risk of heart problems during and after an infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Cancer patients appeared to benefit from natural killer cells obtained from donors in an experimental method of treating cancer that involved an aggressive army of immune system fighters endowed with ...

Modeling mpox infection in rhesus macaques demonstrates the protective efficacy of natural immunity induced by three routes of viral exposure against re-challenge.

Scientific research links many benefits to intermediate fasting. From improved blood pressure and resting heart rate to enhanced cognitive and physical performance.

Time-restricted eating is hot at the moment, as many studies show that it has various health benefits. However, the exact reason why it has so many benefits remains unknown. In a new study, scientists at the Salk Institute tried to uncover this mystery on a molecular level.

Ob Krebs durch eine labile Psyche entstehen kann oder positive Gedanken bei der Heilung helfen, erklärt die Ärztin Marisa Kurz in »Krebs verstehen«

I never would have guessed this was the solution to my ME/CFS. Jeff, on Phoenix Rising Jeff had a typical ME/CFS onset: he was a young, healthy and active individual before being felled by a viral infection and a high temperature. The infection left him with headaches, dizziness, muscle weakness […]

Chronic pain associated with fibromyalgia (FM) affects a large portion of the population but the underlying mechanisms leading to this altered pain are still poorly understood. Evidence suggests that FM involves altered neural processes in the central nervous system and neuroimaging methods such as …

Objectives  To assess the overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of acute respiratory tract infection, and to identify factors modifying this effect. Design  Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from randomised controlled trials. Data sources  Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry from inception to December 2015. Eligibility criteria for study selection  Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials of supplementation with vitamin D3 or vitamin D2 of any duration were eligible for inclusion if they had been approved by a research ethics committee and if data on incidence of acute respiratory tract infection were collected prospectively and prespecified as an efficacy outcome. Results  25 eligible randomised controlled trials (total 11 321 participants, aged 0 to 95 years) were identified. IPD were obtained for 10 933 (96.6%) participants. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection among all participants (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.96; P for heterogeneity

Sean Gibbons at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, US, and co-workers will use their Global Grant for Gut Health to explore the unique gut microbial signatures, associated blood metabolites, and gene expression patterns in healthy elderly people.

The number of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases have jumped close to 10 times higher in some states across Australia when compared to last year. Experts say COVID complacency and higher testing rates could be why.

Oral steroid usage is an important risk factor for AAA expansion, independent of other risk factors of atherosclerosis and MAD.

Background: Individuals with prevalent diabetes were reported to have higher risk of dementia and lower cognitive function. However, the trends of cognitive function before diabetes and in the years following diabetes onset remain unclear. Methods and Findings: This study included 12422 participants aged ≥45 years without baseline diabetes from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline (Wave 1, 2011), and at least one time from Wave 2 (2013) to Wave 4 (2018). During the 7-year follow-up, 1207 (9.7%, mean age 59.1 years, 39.9% males) participants developed new-onset diabetes. The cognitive function of both the without-diabetes group and the diabetes group declined annually during the follow-up. The annual decline rate of the diabetes group before diabetes onset was similar to that of the without-diabetes group during the follow-up. After diabetes onset, participants experienced accelerated rates of cognitive decline in global cognition (-0.023 SD/year; 95% CI, -0.043 to -0.004) and visuospatial abilities (-0.036 SD/year; -0.061 to -0.011), but not in orientation abilities (0.001 SD/year; -0.018 to 0.020). We also observed a tendency that episodic memory (-0.018 SD/year; -0.041 to 0.004) and attention and calculation abilities (-0.017 SD/year; -0.037 to 0.003) declined faster after new-onset diabetes, although the results did not meet our threshold of significance. In subgroup analysis, compared with those who developed diabetes between 45-54 years old, those developing diabetes older showed similar increments in cognitive decline rate after diabetes. Conclusions: Individuals experienced faster rate of cognitive decline after diabetes onset, but not during the pre-diabetes period. Age did not modify the effect of diabetes on future cognitive decline. Future studies are needed to learn the mechanisms of cognitive decline in a few years after new-onset diabetes. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 82202819, Qingmei Chen) and Boxi Natural Science Foundation (Project No. BXQN202118, Jing Shang). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The study used (or will use) ONLY openly available human data that were originally located at: http://charls.pku.edu.cn/zh-CN I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Data used in this manuscript from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). We applied permission for the data access (http://charls.pku.edu.cn/zh-CN) and obtained access to use it. Prof. Yaohui Zhao (National School of Development of Peking University), John Strauss (University of Southern California), and Gonghuan Yang (Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention) are the principal investigators. Requests to access these data can also be directed to Jianian Hua (jnjnhua@foxmail.com).

Vitamin D has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic abilities. Vitamin D deficiency can induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. The aim of the study was to create a systematic review to analyze the relationship between vitamin D and DNA damage in various populations. PubMed, Scopus …

How much vitamin D we take has a dose-dependent effect on changes in our genetic expression Vitamin D has a well-known role in calcium regulation and bone health. However, vitamin D deficiency can be linked to the increased risk of many diseases, from heart disease to cancer, multiple sclerosis, neurocognitive function, prenatal outcomes, and even […]

Background Maternal vitamin status preconception and during pregnancy have important consequences for pregnancy outcome and offspring development. Changes in status from preconception to early and late pregnancy and postpartum have been inferred from cross-sectional data, with lower pregnancy concentrations often ascribed to plasma volume expansion, but without truly longitudinal data from preconception through pregnancy and post-delivery, and sparse data on the influence of supplementation. This study characterized longitudinal patterns of maternal vitamin status from preconception, through early and late pregnancy, to 6-months post-delivery, and determined the influence of supplementation. Methods and Findings Between 2015-2017, 1729 UK, Singapore and New Zealand women aged 18-38 years planning conception were recruited from the community to a double-blind controlled trial and randomized to a standard (control) or an intervention supplement preconception and throughout pregnancy. Vitamins common to both supplements were folic acid and β-carotene, with the intervention additionally including riboflavin, vitamins B6, B12 and D in amounts available in over-the-counter supplements, alongside iron, calcium and iodine (control and intervention) and myo-inositol, probiotics and zinc (intervention only). We measured maternal plasma concentrations of B-vitamins, vitamin D and insufficiency/deficiency markers (homocysteine, hydroxykynurenine-ratio, methylmalonic acid), at recruitment and 1-month after commencing intervention preconception, in early and late pregnancy, and post-delivery (6-months after supplement discontinuation). From all timepoint data, we derived standard deviation scores (SDS) to characterize longitudinal changes in controls and differences between control and intervention participants. At recruitment preconception, significant proportions had marginal or low plasma status for folate (29.2%