Graph-constrained Reasoning (GCR) is a novel framework that bridges structured knowledge in knowledge graphs (KG) with unstructured reasoning in LLMs.

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep...

Alhamdulillah, ATOM is finally here! A scalable and fast approach that can build and continuously update temporal knowledge graphs, inspired by atomic bonds. Just as matter is formed from atoms, and galaxies are formed from stars, knowledge is likely to be formed from atomic knowledge graphs. Atomic knowledge graphs were born from our intention to solve a common problem in LLM-based KG construction methods: exhaustivity and stability. Often, these methods produce unstable KGs that change when rerunning the construction process, even without changing anything. Moreover, they fail to capture all facts in the input documents and usually overlook the temporal and dynamic aspects of real-world data. What is the solution? Atomic facts that are temporally aware. Instead of constructing knowledge graphs from raw documents, we split them into atomic facts, which are self-contained and concise propositions. Temporal atomic KGs are constructed from each atomic fact. Then, we defined how the temporal atomic KGs would be merged at the atomic level and how the temporal aspects would be handled. We designed a binary merge algorithm that combines two TKGs and a parallel merge process that merges all TKGs simultaneously. The entire architecture operates in parallel. ATOM employs dual-time modeling that distinguishes observation time from validity time and has 3 main modules: - Module 1 (Atomic Fact Decomposition) splits input documents observed at time t into atomic facts using LLM-based prompting, where each temporal atomic fact is a short, self-contained snippet that conveys exactly one piece of information. - Module 2 (Atomic TKGs Construction) extracts 5-tuples in parallel from each atomic fact to construct atomic temporal KGs, while embedding nodes and relations and addressing temporal resolution during extraction. - Module 3 (Parallel Atomic Merge) employs a binary merge algorithm to merge pairs of atomic TKGs through iterative pairwise merging in parallel until convergence, with three resolution phases: (1) entity resolution, (2) relation name resolution, and (3) temporal resolution that merges observation and validity time sets for relations with similar (e_s, r_p, e_o). The resulting TKG snapshot is then merged with the previous DTKG to yield the updated DTKG. Results: Empirical evaluations demonstrate that ATOM achieves ~18% higher exhaustivity, ~17% better stability, and over 90% latency reduction compared to baseline methods (including iText2KG), demonstrating strong scalability potential for dynamic TKG construction. Check our ATOM's architecture and code: Preprint Paper: https://lnkd.in/dsJzDaQc Code: https://lnkd.in/drZUyisV Website: (coming soon) Example use cases: (coming soon) Special thanks to the dream team: Ludovic Moncla, Khalid Benabdeslem, Rémy Cazabet, Pierre Cléau 📚📡 | 14 comments on LinkedIn

✅ Some state-of-the-art methods for knowledge graph (KG) construction that implement incrementality build a graph from around 3k atomic facts in 4–7 hours, while ATOM achieves the same in just 20 minutes using only 8 parallel threads and a batch size of 40 for asynchronous LLM API calls. ❓ What’s the secret behind this performance? 👉 The architecture. The parallel design. ❌ Incrementality in KG construction was key, but it significantly limits scalability. This is because the method must first build the KG and compare it with the previous one before moving on to the next chunk. That’s why we eliminated this in iText2KG. ❓ Why is scalability so important? The short answer: real-time analytics. Fast dynamic TKG construction enables LLMs to reason over them and generate responses instantly, in real time. Discover more secrets behind this parallel architecture by reading the full paper (link in the first comment).

🚀 LLMs can be powerful tools to extract information from texts and automatically populate Knowledge Graphs guided by ontologies given as inputs. BUT how good are they? To reply to this question, we need benchmarks! 💡 With Lettria, we build the Text2KGBench-LettrIA benchmark covering 19 different ontologies in various domains (company, film, food, politician, sports, monument, etc.) and consisting of near 5k sentences strictly annotated with triples conforming to these ontologies (208 classes, 426 properties) yielding more than 17k triples. What's more? We throw a lot of compute to compare the performance and efficiency of numerous Closed LLMs models and variants (GPT4, Claude 3, Gemini) and numerous fine-tuned Open Weights models (Mistral 3, Qwen 3, Gemma 3, Phi 4). ✨Key take-away: when being provided with high quality data, fine-tuned open models largely outperform larger, proprietary counterparts! 📄 Curious about the detailed results? Read our paper at https://lnkd.in/e-EZCjWm See our presentation at https://lnkd.in/eEdCCpdA that I have just presented at the Knowledge Base Construction from Pre-Trained Language Models Workshop colocated with the ISWC - International Semantic Web Conference. You want to use these results in your operations? Sign-up for using the newly released PERSEUS model, https://lnkd.in/e7exyJHc Joint work with Julien PLU, Oscar Moreno Escobar, Edouard Trouillez, Axelle Gapin, Pasquale Lisena, Thibault Ehrhart #iswc2025 #LLMs #KnowledgeGraphs #NLP #Research EURECOM, Charles Borderie

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have gained attention due to their ability to represent structured and interlinked information. KGs represent knowledge in the form of relations between entities, referred to as...

KG-R1, Why Knowledge Graph RAG Systems Are Too Expensive to Deploy (And How One Team Fixed It) ... What if I told you that most knowledge graph systems require multiple AI models just to answer a single question? That's exactly the problem plaguing current KG-RAG deployments. 👉 The Cost Problem Traditional knowledge graph retrieval systems use a pipeline approach: one model for planning, another for reasoning, a third for reviewing, and a fourth for responding. Each step burns through tokens and compute resources, making deployment prohibitively expensive for most organizations. Even worse? These systems are built for specific knowledge graphs. Change your data source, and you need to retrain everything. 👉 A Single-Agent Solution Researchers from MIT and IBM just published KG-R1, which replaces this entire multi-model pipeline with one lightweight agent that learns through reinforcement learning. Here's the clever part: instead of hardcoding domain-specific logic, the system uses four simple, universal operations: - Get relations from an entity - Get entities from a relation - Navigate forward or backward through connections These operations work on any knowledge graph without modification. 👉 The Results Are Striking Using just a 3B parameter model, KG-R1: - Matches accuracy of much larger foundation models - Uses 60% fewer tokens per query than existing methods - Transfers across different knowledge graphs without retraining - Processes queries in under 7 seconds on a single GPU The system learned to retrieve information strategically through multi-turn interactions, optimized end-to-end rather than stage-by-stage. This matters because knowledge graphs contain some of our most valuable structured data - from scientific databases to legal documents. Making them accessible and affordable could unlock entirely new applications.

GraphSearch: An Agentic Deep‑Search Workflow for Graph Retrieval‑Augmented Generation ... Why Current AI Search Falls Short When You Need Real Answers What happens when you ask an AI system a complex question that requires connecting multiple pieces of information? Most current approaches retrieve some relevant documents, generate an answer, and call it done. But this single-pass strategy often misses critical evidence. 👉 The Problem with Shallow Retrieval Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems work like a student who only skims the first few search results before writing an essay. They grab what seems relevant on the surface but miss deeper connections that would lead to better answers. When researchers tested these systems on complex multi-hop questions, they found a consistent pattern: the AI would confidently provide answers based on incomplete evidence, leading to logical gaps and missing key facts. 👉 A New Approach: Deep Searching with Dual Channels Researchers from IDEA Research and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology developed GraphSearch, which works more like a thorough investigator than a quick searcher. The system breaks down complex questions into smaller, manageable pieces, then searches through both text documents and structured knowledge graphs. Think of it as having two different research assistants: one excellent at finding descriptive information in documents, another skilled at tracing relationships between entities. 👉 How It Actually Works Instead of one search-and-answer cycle, GraphSearch uses six coordinated modules: Query decomposition splits complex questions into atomic sub-questions Context refinement filters out noise from retrieved information Query grounding fills in missing details from previous searches Logic drafting organizes evidence into coherent reasoning chains Evidence verification checks if the reasoning holds up Query expansion generates new searches to fill identified gaps The system continues this process until it has sufficient evidence to provide a well-grounded answer. 👉 Real Performance Gains Testing across six different question-answering benchmarks showed consistent improvements. On the MuSiQue dataset, for example, answer accuracy jumped from 35% to 51% when GraphSearch was integrated with existing graph-based systems. The approach works particularly well under constrained conditions - when you have limited computational resources for retrieval, the iterative searching strategy maintains performance better than single-pass methods. This research points toward more reliable AI systems that can handle the kind of complex reasoning we actually need in practice. Paper: "GraphSearch: An Agentic Deep Searching Workflow for Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation" by Yang et al.

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods have significantly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs) in domain-specific tasks. However, existing RAG methods do not...

Graph retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) has effectively enhanced large language models in complex reasoning by organizing fragmented knowledge into explicitly structured graphs. Prior...

💡 Graph of Ideas -- LLMs paired with knowledge graphs can be great partners for ideation, exploration, and research. We've all seen the classic detective corkboard, with pinned notes and pictures, all strung together with red twine. 🕵️  The digital version could be a mind-map, but you still have to draw everything by hand. What if you could just build one from a giant pile of documents? Enter GoAI - a fascinating approach that just dropped on arXiv combining knowledge graphs with LLMs for AI research idea generation. While the paper focuses on a graph of research papers, the approach is generalizable. Here's what caught my attention: 🔗 It builds knowledge graphs from AI papers where nodes are papers/concepts and edges capture semantic citation relationships - basically mapping how ideas actually connect and build on each other 🎯 The "Idea Studio" feature gives you feedback on innovation, clarity, and feasibility of your research ideas - like having a research mentor in your pocket 📈 Experiments show it helps produce clearer, more novel, and more impactful research ideas compared to traditional LLM approaches The key insight? Current LLMs miss the semantic structure and prerequisite relationships in academic knowledge. This framework bridges that gap by making the connections explicit. As AI research accelerates, this approach can be be used for any situation where you're looking for what's missing, rather than answering a question about what exists. Read all the details in the paper... https://lnkd.in/ekGtCx9T

Guy van den Broeck (UCLA)https://simons.berkeley.edu/talks/guy-van-den-broeck-ucla-2025-04-29Theoretical Aspects of Trustworthy AIToday, many expect AI to ta...

Sharing our recent research 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐊𝐆: 𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬. It is the largest financial knowledge graph built from unstructured data. The preprint of our article is out on arXiv now (link is in the comments). It is coauthored with Abhinav Arun | Fabrizio Dimino | Tejas Prakash Agrawal While LLMs make it easier than ever to generate knowledge graphs, the real challenge lies in ensuring quality without hallucinations, with strong coverage, precision, comprehensiveness, and relevance. FinReflectKG tackles this through an iterative, evaluation-driven agentic approach, carefully optimized across multiple evaluation metrics to deliver a trustworthy and high-quality knowledge graph. Designed to power use cases like entity search, question answering, signal generation, predictive modeling, and financial network analysis, FinReflectKG sets a new benchmark for building reliable financial KGs and showcases the potential of agentic workflows in LLM-driven systems. We will be creating a suite of benchmarks using FinReflectKG for KG related tasks in financial services. More details to come soon. | 15 comments on LinkedIn

Graph-R1 New RAG framework just dropped! Combines agents, GraphRAG, and RL. Here are my notes: Introduces a novel RAG framework that moves beyond traditional one-shot or chunk-based retrieval by integrating graph-structured knowledge, agentic multi-turn interaction, and RL. Graph-R1 is an agent that reasons over a knowledge hypergraph environment by iteratively issuing queries and retrieving subgraphs using a multi-step “think-retrieve-rethink-generate” loop. Unlike prior GraphRAG systems that perform fixed retrieval, Graph-R1 dynamically explores the graph based on evolving agent state. Retrieval is modeled as a dual-path mechanism: entity-based hyperedge retrieval and direct hyperedge similarity, fused via reciprocal rank aggregation to return semantically rich subgraphs. These are used to ground subsequent reasoning steps. The agent is trained end-to-end using GRPO with a composite reward that incorporates structural format adherence and answer correctness. Rewards are only granted if reasoning follows the proper format, encouraging interpretable and complete reasoning traces. On six RAG benchmarks (e.g., HotpotQA, 2WikiMultiHopQA), Graph-R1 achieves state-of-the-art F1 and generation scores, outperforming prior methods including HyperGraphRAG, R1-Searcher, and Search-R1. It shows particularly strong gains on harder, multi-hop datasets and under OOD conditions. The authors find that Graph-R1’s performance degrades sharply without its three key components: hypergraph construction, multi-turn interaction, and RL. Ablation study supports that graph-based and multi-turn retrieval improves information density and accuracy, while end-to-end RL bridges the gap between structure and language. Paper: https://lnkd.in/eGbf4HhX | 15 comments on LinkedIn

Scaling GraphRAG to Millions of Documents: Lessons from the SIGIR 2025 LiveRAG Challenge 👉 WHY THIS MATTERS Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) struggles with multi-hop questions that require connecting information across documents. While graph-based RAG methods like GEAR improve reasoning by structuring knowledge as entity-relationship triples, scaling these approaches to web-sized datasets (millions/billions of documents) remains a bottleneck. The culprit? Traditional methods rely heavily on LLMs to extract triples—a process too slow and expensive for large corpora. 👉 WHAT THEY DID Researchers from Huawei and the University of Edinburgh reimagined GEAR to sidestep costly offline triple extraction. Their solution: - Pseudo-alignment: Link retrieved passages to existing triples in Wikidata via sparse retrieval. - Iterative expansion: Use a lightweight LLM (Falcon-3B-Instruct) to iteratively rewrite queries and retrieve additional evidence through Wikidata’s graph structure. - Multi-step filtering: Combine Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF) and prompt-based filtering to reconcile noisy alignments between Wikidata and document content. This approach achieved 87.6% correctness and 53% faithfulness on the SIGIR 2025 LiveRAG benchmark, despite challenges in aligning Wikidata’s generic triples with domain-specific document content. 👉 KEY INSIGHTS 1. Trade-offs in alignment: Linking Wikidata triples to documents works best for general knowledge but falters with niche topics (e.g., "Pacific geoduck reproduction" mapped incorrectly to oyster biology). 2. Cost efficiency: Avoiding LLM-based triple extraction reduced computational overhead, enabling scalability. 3. The multi-step advantage: Query rewriting and iterative retrieval improved performance on complex questions requiring 2+ reasoning hops. 👉 OPEN QUESTIONS - How can we build asymmetric semantic models to better align text and graph data? - Can hybrid alignment strategies (e.g., blending domain-specific KGs with Wikidata) mitigate topic drift? - Does graph expansion improve linearly with scale, or are diminishing returns inevitable? Why read this paper? It’s a pragmatic case study in balancing scalability with reasoning depth in RAG systems. The code and prompts are fully disclosed, offering a blueprint for adapting GraphRAG to real-world, large-scale applications. Paper: "Millions of G∈AR-s: Extending GraphRAG to Millions of Documents" (Shen et al., SIGIR 2025). Preprint: arXiv:2307.17399.

This study addresses the challenges of tracking and analyzing students' learning trajectories, particularly the issue of inadequate knowledge coverage in course assessments. Traditional assessment...

We present AutoSchemaKG, a framework for fully autonomous knowledge graph construction that eliminates the need for predefined schemas. Our system leverages large language models to simultaneously...

HippoRAG is a technique inspired from the interactions between the cortex and hippocampus to improve knowledge retrieval for large language models (LLM).

Contribute to GDD-Nantes/SPARQLLM development by creating an account on GitHub.

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) results in complex systems with numerous hyperparameters that directly affect performance. While such systems are increasingly...

AutoSchemaKG: Building Billion-Node Knowledge Graphs Without Human Schemas 👉 Why This Matters Traditional knowledge graphs face a paradox: they require expert-crafted schemas to organize information, creating bottlenecks for scalability and adaptability. This limits their ability to handle dynamic real-world knowledge or cross-domain applications effectively. 👉 What Changed AutoSchemaKG eliminates manual schema design through three innovations: 1. Dynamic schema induction: LLMs automatically create conceptual hierarchies while extracting entities/events 2. Event-aware modeling: Captures temporal relationships and procedural knowledge missed by entity-only approaches 3. Multi-level conceptualization: Organizes instances into semantic categories through abstraction layers The system processed 50M+ documents to build ATLAS - a family of KGs with: - 900M+ nodes (entities/events/concepts) - 5.9B+ relationships - 95% alignment with human-created schemas (zero manual intervention) 👉 How It Works 1. Triple extraction pipeline:   - LLMs identify entity-entity, entity-event, and event-event relationships   - Processes text at document level rather than sentence level for context preservation 2. Schema induction:   - Automatically groups instances into conceptual categories   - Creates hierarchical relationships between specific facts and abstract concepts 3. Scale optimization:   - Handles web-scale corpora through GPU-accelerated batch processing   - Maintains semantic consistency across 3 distinct domains (Wikipedia, academic papers, Common Crawl) 👉 Proven Impact - Boosts multi-hop QA accuracy by 12-18% over state-of-the-art baselines - Improves LLM factuality by up to 9% on specialized domains like medicine and law - Enables complex reasoning through conceptual bridges between disparate facts 👉 Key Insight The research demonstrates that billion-scale KGs with dynamic schemas can effectively complement parametric knowledge in LLMs when they reach critical mass (1B+ facts). This challenges the assumption that retrieval augmentation needs domain-specific tuning to be effective. Question for Discussion As autonomous KG construction becomes viable, how should we rethink the role of human expertise in knowledge representation? Should curation shift from schema design to validation and ethical oversight? | 15 comments on LinkedIn

Small Models, Big Knowledge: How DRAG Bridges the AI Efficiency-Accuracy Gap 👉 Why This Matters Modern AI systems face a critical tension: large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive knowledge recall but demand massive computational resources, while smaller models (SLMs) struggle with factual accuracy and "hallucinations." Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems amplify this problem by requiring constant updates to vast knowledge bases. 👉 The Innovation DRAG introduces a novel distillation framework that transfers RAG capabilities from LLMs to SLMs through two key mechanisms: 1. Evidence-based distillation: Filters and ranks factual snippets from teacher LLMs 2. Graph-based structuring: Converts retrieved knowledge into relational graphs to preserve critical connections This dual approach reduces model size requirements by 10-100x while improving factual accuracy by up to 27.7% compared to prior methods like MiniRAG. 👉 How It Works 1. Evidence generation: A large teacher LLM produces multiple context-relevant facts 2. Semantic filtering: Combines cosine similarity and LLM scoring to retain top evidence 3. Knowledge graph creation: Extracts entity relationships to form structured context 4. Distilled inference: SLMs generate answers using both filtered text and graph data The process mimics how humans combine raw information with conceptual understanding, enabling smaller models to "think" like their larger counterparts without the computational overhead. 👉 Privacy Bonus DRAG adds a privacy layer by: - Local query sanitization before cloud processing - Returning only de-identified knowledge graphs Tests show 95.7% reduction in potential personal data leakage while maintaining answer quality. 👉 Why It’s Significant This work addresses three critical challenges simultaneously: - Makes advanced RAG capabilities accessible on edge devices - Reduces hallucination rates through structured knowledge grounding - Preserves user privacy in cloud-based AI interactions The GitHub repository provides full implementation details, enabling immediate application in domains like healthcare diagnostics, legal analysis, and educational tools where accuracy and efficiency are non-negotiable.

I'm happy to share the draft of the "Semantically Composable Architectures" mini-paper. It is the culmination of approximately four years' work, which began with Coreless Architectures and has now evolved into something much bigger. LLMs are impressive, but a real breakthrough will occur once we surpass the cognitive capabilities of a single human brain. Enabling autonomous large-scale system reverse engineering and large-scale autonomous transformation with minimal to no human involvement, while still making it understandable to humans if they choose to, is a central pillar of making truly groundbreaking changes. We hope the ideas we shared will be beneficial to humanity and advance our civilization further. It is not final and will require some clarification and improvements, but the key concepts are present. Happy to hear your thoughts and feedback. Some of these concepts underpin the design of the Product X system. Part of the core team + external contribution: Andrew Barsukov Andrey Kolodnitsky Sapta Girisa N Keith E. Glendon Gurpreet Sachdeva Saurav Chandra Mike Diachenko Oleh Sinkevych | 13 comments on LinkedIn

The number of published scholarly articles is growing at a significant rate, making scholarly knowledge organization increasingly important. Various approaches have been proposed to organize...

🏯🏇 A-MEM Transforms AI Agent Memory with Zettelkasten Method, Atomic Notes, Dynamic Linking & Continuous Evolution! This Novel Memory fixes rigid structures with adaptable, evolving, and interconnected knowledge networks, delivering 2x performance in complex reasoning tasks. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗜 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱: ﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌ 》 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗙𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘁 Most AI agents today rely on simplistic storage and retrieval but break down when faced with complex, multi-step reasoning tasks. ✸ Common Limitations: ☆ Fixed schemas: Conventional memory systems require predefined structures that limit flexibility. ☆ Limited adaptability: When new information arises, old memories remain static and disconnected, reducing an agent’s ability to build on past experiences. ☆ Ineffective long-term retention: AI agents often struggle to recall relevant past interactions, leading to redundant processing and inefficiencies. ﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌ 》𝗔-𝗠𝗘𝗠: 𝗔𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 A-MEM organizes knowledge in a way that mirrors how humans create and refine ideas over time. ✸ How it Works: ☆ Atomic notes: Information is broken down into small, self-contained knowledge units, ensuring clarity and easy integration with future knowledge. ☆ Dynamic linking: Instead of relying on static categories, A-MEM automatically creates connections between related knowledge, forming a network of interrelated ideas. ﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌ 》 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 A-MEM delivers measurable improvements. ✸ Empirical results demonstrate: ☆ Over 2x performance improvement in complex reasoning tasks, where AI must synthesize multiple pieces of information across different timeframes. ☆ Superior efficiency across top foundation models, including GPT, Llama, and Qwen—proving its versatility and broad applicability. ﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌﹌ 》 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗔-𝗠𝗘𝗠 ✸ Note Construction: ☆ AI-generated structured notes that capture essential details and contextual insights. ☆ Each memory is assigned metadata, including keywords and summaries, for faster retrieval. ✸ Link Generation: ☆ The system autonomously connects new memories to relevant past knowledge. ☆ Relationships between concepts emerge naturally, allowing AI to recognize patterns over time. ✸ Memory Evolution: ☆ Older memories are continuously updated as new insights emerge. ☆ The system dynamically refines knowledge structures, mimicking the way human memory strengthens connections over time. ≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣≣ ⫸ꆛ Want to build Real-World AI agents? Join My 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀-𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗜 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝟰-𝗶𝗻-𝟭 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 TODAY! 𝟰𝟴𝟬+ already Enrolled. ➠ Build Real-World AI Agents for Healthcare, Finance,Smart Cities,Sales ➠ Learn 4 Framework: LangGraph | PydanticAI | CrewAI | OpenAI Swarm ➠ Work with Text, Audio, Video and Tabular Data 👉𝗘𝗻𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗹 𝗡𝗢𝗪 (𝟰𝟱% 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁): https://lnkd.in/eGuWr4CH | 27 comments on LinkedIn

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks by incorporating external knowledge retrieval. However, existing RAG...

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LLMs generate possibilities; knowledge graphs remember what works. Together, they forge the recursive memory and creative engine that enables AI systems to truly evolve themselves. Combining neural components (like large language models) with symbolic verification creates a powerful framework for self-evolution that overcomes limitations of either approach used independently. AlphaEvolve demonstrates that self-evolving systems face a fundamental tension between generating novel solutions and ensuring those solutions actually work. The paper shows how AlphaEvolve addresses this through a hybrid architecture where: Neural components (LLMs) provide creative generation of code modifications by drawing on patterns learned from vast training data Symbolic components (code execution) provide ground truth verification through deterministic evaluation Without this combination, a system would either generate interesting but incorrect solutions (neural-only approach) or be limited to small, safe modifications within known patterns (symbolic-only approach). The system can operate at multiple levels of abstraction depending on the problem: raw solution evolution, constructor function evolution, search algorithm evolution, or co-evolution of intermediate solutions and search algorithms. This capability emanates directly from the neurosymbolic integration, where: Neural networks excel at working with continuous, high-dimensional spaces and recognizing patterns across abstraction levels Symbolic systems provide precise representations of discrete structures and logical relationships This enables AlphaEvolve to modify everything from specific lines of code to entire algorithmic approaches. While AlphaEvolve currently uses an evolutionary database, a knowledge graph structure could significantly enhance self-evolution by: Capturing evolutionary relationships between solutions Identifying patterns of code changes that consistently lead to improvements Representing semantic connections between different solution approaches Supporting transfer learning across problem domains Automated, objective evaluation is the core foundation enabling self-evolution: The main limitation of AlphaEvolve is that it handles problems for which it is possible to devise an automated evaluator. This evaluation component provides the "ground truth" feedback that guides evolution, allowing the system to: Differentiate between successful and unsuccessful modifications Create selection pressure toward better-performing solutions Avoid hallucinations or non-functional solutions that might emerge from neural components alone. When applied to optimize Gemini's training kernels, the system essentially improved the very LLM technology that powers it. | 12 comments on LinkedIn

Do you want to fine-tune an LLM model for triplet extraction? These findings from a recently published paper (first comment) could save you much time. ✅ Does the choice of coding vs natural language prompts significantly impact performance? When fine-tuning these open weights and small LLMs, the choice between code and natural language prompts has a limited impact on performance. ✅ Does training fine-tuned models to include chain-of-thought (rationale) sections in their outputs improve KG construction (KGC) performance? It is ineffective at best and highly detrimental at worst for fine-tuned models. This performance decrease is observed regardless of the number of in-context learning examples provided. Attention analysis suggests this might be due to the model's attention being dispersed on redundant information when rationale is used. Without rationale lists occupying prompt space, the model's attention can focus directly on the ICL examples while extracting relations. ✅ How do the fine-tuned smaller, open-weight LLMs perform compared to the CodeKGC baseline, which uses larger, closed-source models (GPT-3.5)? The selected lightweight LLMs significantly outperform the much larger CodeKGC baseline after fine-tuning. The best fine-tuned models improve upon the CodeKGC baseline by as much as 15–20 absolute F1 points across the dataset. ✅ Does model size matter for KGC performance when fine-tuning with a small amount of training data? Yes, but not in a straightforward way. The 70 B-parameter versions yielded worse results than the 1B, 3B, and 8B models when undergoing the same small amount of training. This implies that for KGC with limited fine-tuning, smaller models can perform better than much larger ones. ✅ For instruction-tuned models without fine-tuning, does prompt language or rationale help? For models without fine-tuning, using code prompts generally yields the best results for both code LLMs and the Mistral natural language model. In addition, using rationale generally seems to help these models, with most of the best results obtained when including rationale lists in the prompt. ✅ What do the errors made by the models suggest about the difficulty of the KGC task? difficulty in predicting relations, entities, and their order, especially when dealing with specialized terminology or specific domain knowledge, which poses a challenge even after fine-tuning. Some errors include adding superfluous adjectives or mistaking entity instances for class names. ✅ What is the impact of the number of in-context learning (ICL) examples during fine-tuning? The greatest performance benefit is obtained when moving from 0 to 3 ICL examples. However, additional ICL examples beyond 3 do not lead to any significant performance delta and can even lead to worse results. This further indicates that the fine-tuning process itself is the primary driver of performance gain, allowing the model to learn the task from the input text and target output.