GraphNews

After over a year of intense work, we are ready to present our full life cycle assessment of AI on arXiv!   Working with an amazing international (and multidisciplinary!) team - David Ekchajzer, Thibault Pirson, Etienne Lees-Perasso, Augustin Wattiez, Lisa Biber-Freudenberger, Dr. Sasha Luccioni, and Aimee van Wynsberghe - we carried out a multi-criteria, complete life cycle assessment (LCA) of AI, based mainly on primary data.   When I began my PhD in Sustainable AI, I noticed a significant gap: While most people were talking about the carbon impacts of AI, comprehensive, reliable (and accessible) data on other environmental impacts was missing. Therefore, we decided to fill this gap starting with the disassembly of the Nvidia A100 GPU, which is widely credited with revolutionizing AI training. Following a multi-step process, we obtained data on the elemental composition of individual GPU components, providing the foundation for a very accurate assessment of AI's environmental footprint.   Key findings:   - We map the full environmental footprint of training BLOOM and GPT-4 across 16 environmental impact categories and normalize them against a planetary boundary-aware reference scenario.   - Our LCA results based on primary data substantially differ compared to database-derived estimates. Most notably, the impact category resource use (minerals & metals) increases by about 33%, demonstrating the importance of primary data for non-carbon accounting.   - We discuss not only the scale of impacts beyond carbon emissions, but also the geographic winners and losers of AI development through an environmental justice lens.   For more details, take a look at the preprint: 📍 arXiv link: https://lnkd.in/eWjzVwHy   ⛓️‍💥 To support transparency and reproducibility, all primary data (bill of materials + elemental analysis) will be openly available in the supplementary material by the end of September.   #SustainableAI #LCA #AI #sustainability #research | 32 comments on LinkedIn

Apache TinkerPop™ is a graph computing framework for graph systems and the home of the Gremlin graph traversal language. Contributorcasts allow contributors ...

A canonical problem in computer science is to find the shortest route to every point in a network. A new approach beats the classic algorithm taught in textbooks.

NLWeb turns Schema Markup into AI-ready data—unlocking smarter search, improved content discoverability, and faster AI integration.

Every knowledge system has to wrestle with a deceptively simple question: what do we assert, and what do we derive? That line between assertion and derivation is where Object-Role Modeling (ORM) and the Resource Description Framework (RDF) with the Web Ontology Language (OWL) go in radically differe

Enterprise Adoption of GraphRAG: The CRUD Challenge GraphRAG and other retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) workflows are currently attracting a lot of attention. Their prototypes are impressive, with data ingestion, embedding generation, knowledge graph creation, and answer generation all functioning smoothly. However, without proper CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) support, these systems are limited to academic experimentation rather than becoming enterprise-ready solutions. Update: knowledge is constantly evolving. Regulations change, medical guidelines are updated, and product catalogues are revised. If a system cannot reliably update its information, it will produce outdated answers and quickly lose credibility. Delete: Incorrect or obsolete information must be deleted. In regulated industries such as healthcare, finance and law, retaining deleted data can lead to compliance issues. Without a deletion mechanism, incorrect or obsolete information can persist in the system long after it should have been removed. This is an issue that many GraphRAG pilots face. Although the proof of concept looks promising, limitations become evident when someone asks, "What happens when the source of truth changes?" While reading and creation are straightforward, updates and deletions determine whether a system remains a prototype or becomes a reliable enterprise tool. Most implementations stop at 'reading', and while retrieval and answer generation work, real-world enterprise systems never stand still. In order for GraphRAG and RAG in general to transition from research labs to widespread enterprise adoption, support for CRUD must be an fundamental aspect of the design process. #GraphRAG #RAG #KnowledgeGraph #EnterpriseAI #CRUD #EnterpriseAdoption #TrustworthyAI #DataManagement

🎥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁’𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝘄𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲? 𝗟𝗲𝘁'𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝗽 𝗶𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 Just asked 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗟𝗶𝗳𝘁 to retrieve the 𝑮𝒐𝒐𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑲𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒍𝒆𝒅𝒈𝒆 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉 details for "𝑵𝒐 𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝑪𝒉𝒐𝒊𝒄𝒆" — the dark comedy thriller by Park Chan-wook that’s leading the Venice buzz. 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁: ✅ Google KG entity ID: /g/11w2hjvh3j ✅ Wikidata: Q129906152 ✅ Cast, director, source material, and more — in under a second. ✅ Fallback-safe, deeply enriched with attributes from Wikidata. This is Enhanced Entity Research via MCP (Model Context Protocol). ✔️ Pulls data from Google’s Enterprise KG ✔️ Enriches with Wikidata (gender, occupation, relationships, etc.) ✔️ Builds 3–5× richer profiles — instantly ready for clustering, schema, content. 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝘁 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿? This is what AI-ready structured data looks like — live, real-time, and grounded. From the Venice Film Festival to your Knowledge Graph in milliseconds. 💥 Don’t let a cascade of incompetence pollute your AI workflows. 💡 Combine structured knowledge with agentic AI to drive precision, context, and trust across multi-step tasks. 👉 Enjoy the artifact (on Claude): https://lnkd.in/dYYMby26 👉 Full workflow: https://lnkd.in/dNHJ_DpP

It's great to see the launch of Google Cloud's new Agentspace Knowledge Graph, built on Spanner Graph. Agentspace Knowledge Graph (https://lnkd.in/gYM6xZQS) allows an AI agent to understand the real-world context of your organization—the web of relationships between people, projects, and products. This is the difference between finding a document and understanding who wrote it, what team they're on, and what project it's for. Because this context is a network, the problem is uniquely suited for a graph model. Spanner Graph (https://lnkd.in/gkwbGFbS) provides a natural way to model this reality, allowing an AI agent to instantly traverse complex connections to find not just data, but genuine insight. This is how we move from AI that finds information to AI that understands it. The ability to reason over the "why" behind the data is a true game-changer. #GoogleCloud #GenAI #Agentspace #SpannerGraph #KnowledgeGraph

Why is ontology engineering such a mess? There's a simple reason: proprietary data models, proprietary inference engines, and proprietary query engines. Some ontology traditions have always been open standards: Prolog/Datalog, RDF, conceptual graphs all spring to mind. However, startups in ontology often take government money, apparently under conditions that inspire them to close their standards. One notable closed-standard ontology vendor is Palantir. If you look into the world of graph databases, you will discover many more vendors operating on closed standards, as well as some vendors who've implemented less popular and in my view less user-friendly open standards. My advice to ontology consultants and to their clients is to prioritize vendors that implement open standards. Given that this list includes heavyweights like Oracle and AWS, it isn't hard to remain within one's comfort zone while embracing open standards. Prolog and RDF are likely the most popular and widely known standards for automated inference, knowledge representation, etc. There are more potential engineers and computer scientists and modelers who've trained on these standards than any vendor you may wish to name with a closed standard, there are prebuilt ontologies and query rewriting approaches and inference engine profiles, there are constraint programming approaches for both, etc. Oracle and AWS have chosen to go with open standards rather than inventing some new graph data model and yet another query processor to handle the same inference and business rule workloads we've been handling with various technologies since the 1950s. Learn from their example, and please quit wasting all of our time on Earth by reinventing the semantic network.

I recently came across some misconceptions about why the LPG graph model is more effective than RDF for GraphRAG, and I wrote this article to debunk them. At the end, I also elaborate on two principal advantages of RDF when it comes to provision of context and grounding to LLMs (i) schema languages

Guy van den Broeck (UCLA)https://simons.berkeley.edu/talks/guy-van-den-broeck-ucla-2025-04-29Theoretical Aspects of Trustworthy AIToday, many expect AI to ta...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a transformative innovation in transportation, promising enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Despite these promises, achieving robustness, reliability, and adherence to ethical standards in AV systems remains challenging due to the complexity of integrating diverse technologies. This survey reviews literature from 2017 to 2023, analyzing over 90 papers to explore the integration of knowledge graphs (KGs) into AV technologies. Our findings indicate that KGs significantly enhance AV systems by providing structured semantic understanding, improving real-time decision-making, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. The paper identifies that while KGs contribute to better environmental perception and contextual reasoning, challenges remain in their seamless integration with existing systems and in maintaining processing speed. We also address the ethical dimensions of AV decision-making, advocating for frameworks that prioritize safety and transparency. This review underscores the potential of KGs to address critical challenges in AV technologies, offering a hopeful and optimistic outlook for the development of robust, reliable, and socially responsible autonomous transportation solutions.

While foundation models have revolutionized such fields as natural language processing and computer vision, their application and potential within graph machine learning remain largely unexplored....

Blue Morpho: A new solution for building AI apps on top of knowledge bases Blue Morpho helps you build AI agents that understand your business context, using ontologies and knowledge graphs. Knowledge Graphs work great with LLMs. The problem is that building KGs from unstructured data is hard. Blue Morpho promises a system that turns PDFs and text files into knowledge graphs. KGs are then used to augment LLMs with the right context to answer queries, make decisions, produce reports, and automate workflows. How it works: 1. Upload documents (pdf or txt). 2. Define your ontology: concepts, properties, and relationships. (Coming soon: ontology generation via AI assistant.) 3. Extract a knowledge graph from documents based on that ontology. Entities are automatically deduplicated across chunks and documents, so every mention of “Walmart,” for example, resolves to the same node. 4. Build agents on top. Connect external ones via MCP, or use Blue Morpho: Q&A (“text-to-cypher”) and Dashboard Generation agents. Blue Morpho differentiation: - Strong focus on reliability. Guardrails in place to make sure LLMs follow instructions and the ontology.  - Entity deduplication, with AI reviewing edge cases. - Easy to iterate on ontologies: they are versioned, extraction runs are versioned as well with all their parameters, and changes only trigger necessary recomputes.  - Vector embeddings are only used in very special circumstances, coupled with other techniques. Link in comments. Jérémy Thomas #KnowledgeGraph #AI #Agents #MCP #NewRelease #Ontology #LLMs #GenAI #Application -- Connected Data London 2025 is coming! 20-21 November, Leonardo Royal Hotel London Tower Bridge Join us for all things #KnowledgeGraph #Graph #analytics #datascience #AI #graphDB #SemTech #Ontology 🎟️ Ticket sales are open. Benefit from early bird prices with discounts up to 30%. https://lnkd.in/diXHEXNE 📺 Sponsorship opportunities are available. Maximize your exposure with early onboarding. Contact us at info@connected-data.london for more.

Part II: Semantic Theater and Governance

Everyone's racing to build AI agents. Few are thinking about data permissions. Box spent two decades building a boring moat- a detailed map of who can touch what document, when, why, and with what proof. This invisible metadata layer is now their key moat against irrelevance. Q2 FY26: → Revenue: $294M (+9% YoY) → Gross margin: 81.4% → Operating margin: 28.6% → Net retention: 103% → Enterprise Advanced: 10% of revenue (up from 5%) Slow-growth, high-margin business at a crossroads. The Permission Graph Every document in Box has a shadow: its permission metadata. Who created it, modified it, can access it. What compliance rules govern it. Which systems can call it. When an AI agent requests a contract, it needs more than the PDF. It needs proof it's allowed to see it, verification it's the right version, an audit trail. Twenty years of accumulated governance that can't be easily replicated. Why This Matters Now The CEO Aaron Levie recently told CNBC: "If you don't maintain access controls well, AI agents will find the wrong information - leading to wrong answers or security incidents." Every enterprise faces the same AI crisis: scattered data with inconsistent permissions, no unified governance, one breach risking progress. The permission graph solves this. The Context Control Problem Box recently launched Enterprise Advanced: AI agents, workflow automation, document generation. They are adding contextual layers because they see a future where AI agents calling their API while users never see Box. Microsoft owns the experience. Box becomes plumbing. This push is their attempt to stay visible. But it's still Product Rails, not Operating Rails. They're adding features to documents, not deepening their permission moat. The Bull vs Bear Case Bull: Enterprises will pay for bulletproof governance even if transformation happens elsewhere. The permission graph remains valuable. Bear: Microsoft acquires or partners with Varonis + Cloudfuze to recreate the graph. The moat may not be deep enough. Every SaaS Company's Dilemma Box isn't alone. Every legacy SaaS faces the same question: how do you avoid becoming invisible infrastructure? They're all trying the same failing playbook. Add AI features, claim "AI-native," hope the moat holds. Box's advantage: the permission graph is genuinely hard to replicate.  Box's disadvantage: they still think like a document storage company. Market's View Box has 81% gross margins on commodity storage because of the permission graph. Yet the market values them at 24x forward P/E, not pricing the graph premium. The other factor is that Box is led by Aaron Levie. He's a founder who's spent two decades obsessing over one problem: enterprise content governance. ​ That obsession matters now more than ever. ​ The question isn't whether the permission graph has value. It's whether Box can deepen the moat before others make it irrelevant. (Full version sent to subscribers) | 25 comments on LinkedIn

An Exploration of LLMs and RDF

In February 2026 I will start teaching the third edition of the Knowledge Graphs course at Ghent University. This is an elective course in which I teach everything I know about creating interoperable data ecosystems. As in the previous editions, we open up this elective course as well to professionals using a micro credential. Feel like going back to school? We poured our heart and soul into this one. 🤓 👉 https://lnkd.in/euUiiEwJ Co-teachers include Ruben Verborgh, Ben De Meester, Ruben Taelman and yourself (there’s a peer teaching assignment).

𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝗮 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗕𝗲 𝗮 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵? Not all knowledge graphs are equal. A semantic KG (RDF/OWL/Stardog) isn’t the same as a property graph (Neo4j), and both differ from enforcing graph-like structures in a relational DB (CockroachDB/Postgres). Each has strengths and trade-offs: 𝗦𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗞𝗚𝘀 excel at reasoning and inference over ontologies. 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘆 𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘀 shine when exploring relationships with intuitive query patterns. 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀 enforce graph-like models via schema, FKs, indexes, recursive CTEs — with added benefits of scale, distributed TXs, and decades of maturity. 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗤𝗟 Recursive CTEs let SQL “walk the graph.” Start with a base case (movie + actors), then repeatedly join back to discover multi-hop paths (actors → movies → actors → movies). This simulates “friends-of-friends” traversals in a few lines of SQL. 𝗥𝗔𝗚, 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗥𝗔𝗚, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗟𝗠𝘀 RAG and GraphRAG give LLMs grounding in structured data, reducing hallucinations and injecting context. Whether via RDF triples, LPG edges, or SQL joins — the principle is the same: real relationships fuel better answers. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟯-𝗛𝗼𝗽 𝗔𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 Some vendors claim SQL breaks down after 3 hops. In reality, recursive CTEs traverse arbitrary depth. SQL may not be as compact as Cypher or GQL, but it’s expressive and efficient — the “3-hop wall” is outdated FUD. 𝗟𝗼𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗮𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 One graph DB is notorious for slow, resource-heavy CSV loads. Distributed RDBMS like CockroachDB can bulk ingest 100s of GB to TBs efficiently. 𝗡𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 Too often, data must move from TX systems into a graph before use — by then, it’s stale. For AI-driven apps, that lag means hallucinations, missed insights, and poor UX. 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗔𝗜 As AI apps go multi-regional and global, they demand low latency + strong consistency. Centralized graph DBs hit lag, hotspots, scaling pain. Distributed SQL delivers expressive queries and global consistency — exactly what AI workloads need. You don’t need to pick “graph” or “relational” as religion. Choose the right model for scale, consistency, and AI grounding. Sometimes RDF. Sometimes LPG. And sometimes, graph-enforced in SQL. #KnowledgeGraph #ArtificialIntelligence #GenerativeAI #DistributedSQL #CockroachDB | 11 comments on LinkedIn

The data storage layer serves as the foundation of any robust data and AI initiative. Traditionally, the phrase “data store” almost…

Abstracting the UI

Looking into building knowledge graphs? Check out this code tutorial on how we built a knowledge graph of the latest 'La Liga' standings! ⚽️👩‍💻 Google Coll...

Agentic Ontology Assisted Framework for Semantic Triple Extraction - growgraph/ontocast

As organizations increasingly prioritize linked data capabilities to connect information across the enterprise, selecting the right graph framework to leverage has become more important than ever. In this webinar, graph technology experts from Enterprise Knowledge Elliot Risch, James Egan, David Hughes, and Sara Nash shared the best ways to manage and apply a selection of these frameworks to meet enterprise needs.

Tackle the core challenges related to enterprise-ready graph representation and learning. With this hands-on guide, applied data scientists, machine learning engineers, and... - Selection from Scaling Graph Learning for the Enterprise [Book]