Substrate

But as it currently stands, the incentives for mathematicians reward one thing and one thing only: publishing influential papers.

Andrew Wiles, one of the world's most renowned mathematicians, wonderfully describes research like exploring a big mansion. You enter the first room of the mansion and it’s completely dark. You stumble around bumping into the furniture but gradually you learn where each piece of furniture is. Finally, after six months or so, you find the light switch, you turn it on, and suddenly it’s all illuminated. You can see exactly where you were. Then you move into the next room and spend another six months in the dark. So each of these breakthroughs, while sometimes they’re momentary, sometimes over a period of a day or two, they are the culmination of, and couldn't exist without, the many months of stumbling around in the dark that precede them. ​ But more often than not you'll find that by the time you revisit a problem you've literally grown so much (mathematically) that it's trivial.