Embodied carbon is the carbon footprint to make a product Solar PV based electricity is undoubtedly lower carbon emissions than fossil fuel-based electricity However, it is also known to have a...

It's generally assumed that it only takes a few years before solar panels have generated as much energy as it took to make them, resulting in very low greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional grid electricity. However, a more critical analysis shows that the cumulative energy and CO2 balance of the industry is negative, meaning that solar PV has actually increased energy use and greenhouse gas emissions instead of lowering them. The problem is that we use and produce solar panels in the wrong places. By carefully selecting the location of both manufacturing and installation, the po...

We performed a life-cycle environmental assessment of China's multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules associated with international trade.…