System Architecture

Documentation and guides from the team at Fly.io.

There is a growing body of evidence that numerical uncertainty expressions can be used by non-experts to improve decision quality. Moreover, there is some evidence that similar advantages extend to graphic expressions of uncertainty. However, visualizing uncertainty introduces challenges as well. Here, we discuss key misunderstandings that may arise from uncertainty visualizations, in particular the evidence that users sometimes fail to realize that the graphic depicts uncertainty. Instead they have a tendency to interpret the image as representing some deterministic quantity. We refer to this as the deterministic construal error. Although there is now growing evidence for the deterministic construal error, few studies are designed to detect it directly because they inform participants upfront that the visualization expresses uncertainty. In a natural setting such cues would be absent, perhaps making the deterministic assumption more likely. Here we discuss the psychological roots of this key but underappreciated misunderstanding as well as possible solutions. This is a critical question because it is now clear that members of the public understand that predictions involve uncertainty and have greater trust when uncertainty is included. Moreover, they can understand and use uncertainty predictions to tailor decisions to their own risk tolerance, as long as they are carefully expressed, taking into account the cognitive processes involved.

What is the KCL semantic model?

Find out why comprehensive monitoring of your Kafka performance is critical and why standard approaches like server-side monitoring can undercut visibility into Kafka performance – even if you don't realize it until it's too late. Get the tips you need to improve your Kafka monitoring strategy by leveraging tools like eBPF.

The NixOS Linux distribution offers the promise of faster repeatable builds across hardware platforms, but has a learning curve.

Why Google Zanzibar Shines at Building Authorization

News and insights on the Android platform, developer tools, and events.

by Chloé VULQUIN In recent times, as an industry, we've been building systems that are progressively less likely to fail. From the erlan...

This tutorial explains how to implement passkeys in your web app. We use Node.js (TypeScript), SimpleWebAuthn, Vanilla HTML / JavaScript and MySQL.

Event Modeling can be applied in designing systems that will store state in traditional databases. By providing a more thorough design, the solution can be implemented with a lot less waste that usually comes in the form of having to re-visit finished items as the solution is built up.

If a startup gains traction, it can hire a sales team. In the meantime, it's up to its founder to build sales skills and close the deals.

Elie Bursztein, Cybersecurity & AI Research Director, and Marina Zhang, Software Engineer Systems such as Gmail, YouTube and Google Play rel...

Measure, Optimize, Monitor and Educate

Imagine if you could auto scale simply by wrapping any existing app code in a function and have that block of code run in a temporary copy of your app

Curious about the power consumption and carbon footprint of an EC2 instance? As part of the first Measure challenge, get an estimation below.

Sharing an estimation of EC2 instances’ carbon footprint, related to both manufacturing and using the servers

TL;DR We simulated several kinds of workloads and measured memory and CPU consumption on five bare metal instances.

DoorDash creates and manages infrastructure resources at scale.

This is a complete tutorial for understanding the basics of Linux ext4 file system.

In the history of computing, there has been an endless push and pull between the need for general-purpose versus fine-tuned custom systems and software. While general purpose will, by nature, prevail on leadership-class HPC, the work done in meticulous world of ASIC design, system and software optimization filters into architectural thinking eventually. In the case

This series is all about infrastructure: the invisible layer of wires and guts and light that makes everything run. It’s not in the best shape, but what would it take to make it better?

This specification defines standard HTTP headers and a value format to propagate context information that enables distributed tracing scenarios. The specification standardizes how context information is sent and modified between services. Context information uniquely identifies individual requests in a distributed system and also defines a means to add and propagate provider-specific context information.

A study of Google's code review tooling (Critique), AI-powered improvements, and recent statistics

This article explores the transition from a WebSocket-based implementation to a simpler, more direct stream over HTTP in the context of capturing touch screen inputs on Linux. It begins by introducing the main theme, encapsulated in the statement Everything is a file is a stream of byte. The need to capture finger positions on a touchscreen by reading /dev/input/events in Linux is initially discussed, followed by a dilemma of transferring this data to a JavaScript client in a browser. Initially, WebSockets are chosen, leading to a discussion on how frameworks often shape our technological choices and the challenges faced in debugging WebSocket connections. The article then introduces an alternative about sending a stream of bytes over HTTP, drawing a parallel to Linux’s approach to handling devices and files. Serialization, the process of encoding messages for this stream, is discussed next, highlighting the implementation specifics in GoLang and its native advantages. The final section covers how to receive and decode this stream in JavaScript within a worker thread, and then send the decoded messages to the main thread using post requests. The article concludes by reflecting on the benefits of simplicity in technology, urging readers to reevaluate default choices and consider more straightforward solutions to complex problems.