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Accelerated Brain Gray Matter Loss in Fibromyalgia Patients: Premature Aging of the Brain?
Accelerated Brain Gray Matter Loss in Fibromyalgia Patients: Premature Aging of the Brain?
Fibromyalgia is an intractable widespread pain disorder that is most frequently diagnosed in women. It has traditionally been classified as either a musculoskeletal disease or a psychological disorder. Accumulating evidence now suggests that fibromyalgia may be associated with CNS dysfunction. In this study, we investigate anatomical changes in the brain associated with fibromyalgia. Using voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance brain images, we examined the brains of 10 female fibromyalgia patients and 10 healthy controls. We found that fibromyalgia patients had significantly less total gray matter volume and showed a 3.3 times greater age-associated decrease in gray matter than healthy controls. The longer the individuals had had fibromyalgia, the greater the gray matter loss, with each year of fibromyalgia being equivalent to 9.5 times the loss in normal aging. In addition, fibromyalgia patients demonstrated significantly less gray matter density than healthy controls in several brain regions, including the cingulate, insular and medial frontal cortices, and parahippocampal gyri. The neuroanatomical changes that we see in fibromyalgia patients contribute additional evidence of CNS involvement in fibromyalgia. In particular, fibromyalgia appears to be associated with an acceleration of age-related changes in the very substance of the brain. Moreover, the regions in which we demonstrate objective changes may be functionally linked to core features of the disorder including affective disturbances and chronic widespread pain.
·jneurosci.org·
Accelerated Brain Gray Matter Loss in Fibromyalgia Patients: Premature Aging of the Brain?
Structural and functional brain changes in fibromyalgia: investigation of potential mechanisms associated with central sensitization in chronic pain
Structural and functional brain changes in fibromyalgia: investigation of potential mechanisms associated with central sensitization in chronic pain
Despite different techniques, equipment, and statistical criteria, neuroimaging studies have been considerably consistent in the identification of brain regions involved in various pain related processes. Functional neuroimaging studies regularly identify activation differences in a stable set of brain regions between pain and control populations. Recent structural studies have reported similar gray matter abnormalities among multiple chronic pain populations. Yet, the findings from structural and functional imaging studies are not completely unified.
Together, these structural and functional imaging results suggest a functional plasticity of the brain circuitry that is consistent with theories of central sensitization, and may be a key factor in the development and/or maintenance of chronic pain.
·jpain.org·
Structural and functional brain changes in fibromyalgia: investigation of potential mechanisms associated with central sensitization in chronic pain
Modulating the immune response with the wake-promoting drug modafinil: A potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory disorders - PubMed
Modulating the immune response with the wake-promoting drug modafinil: A potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory disorders - PubMed
This would explain why the isomer of modafinil that I take, armodafinil, greatly reduces my pain
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Modulating the immune response with the wake-promoting drug modafinil: A potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory disorders - PubMed