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Tools of the Trade: the Way Forward
Tools of the Trade: the Way Forward

On March 14-16, 2023, immediately prior to the Association for Asian Studies annual meeting in Boston, Harvard will host an international conference on the transition from print to digital tools, databases, and platforms in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and Buddhist studies, sponsored by the several research institutes and libraries concerned with East Asia at Harvard.

The Conference will have plenary sessions, at which leaders of libraries and research centers in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Europe, North America, and Buddhist studies will address their respective strategies for development and which we hope will spark comparisons and contrasts, mutual learning, and considerations of improving connectivity across national boundaries. There will be workshops which discuss new technologies and methods that are not language specific. There will be center presentations at which leading digital humanities/scholarship centers and libraries introduce the works they have created. Finally, there will be exemplary projects to introduce particular tools, platforms, databases, and platforms. For workshops and exemplary projects we expect to have a combination of invited presenters and a selection of those who respond to the call-for-presentations.

The Rationale for the Conference

The invention of printing extended the dissemination of tools to support research—dictionaries, bibliographies, atlases, text corpora, and more. One might say that the modern research library is the most important of all “tools.” Yet it dates only to the late nineteenth century in the US and later for East Asian Studies. The demand for new research tools began when the turn away from traditional training led to a need for new ways of discovering information beyond the texts. The Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series (1931-50) of 64 titles ranging from the Confucian classics to Japanese scholarship of the 20th century was the first of these new research tools. Through the 1990s there were major investments of scholarly time in the creation of a variety of print tools to support modern scholarship and some began to be published digitally.

Today, the bulk of investment in tools for East Asian studies goes into the development of digital technologies and less and less goes into research tools in print. Mirroring these trends, usage at research libraries has become overwhelmingly digital. This conference begins from a recognition of the long history of research tool building and proceeds to ask how the advent of digital technologies is changing the nature of the tools themselves and user expectations. What are the changes in skill sets required for the developers of research tools to meet the shift from print to digital? What do digital technologies allow that print media did not? Does the low marginal cost of wide dissemination change publication strategies? Can political and linguistic barriers be overcome so that different databases and platforms can be productively linked together? What are the funding and institutional models necessary to sustain research tools in a digital environment? These are questions that concern us all.

HankerM·fccs-dci.github.io·
Tools of the Trade: the Way Forward
Monlam AI
Monlam AI
Monlam AI is a project of Monlam IT. It is an effort to develop Tibetan language technology in order to bridge the technology and language divides in the Tibetan communities. Over the next three years, this project will improve Tibetan AI in three major areas: Machine Translation OCR (Optical Character Recognition) Speech-to-Text + Text-to-Speech Artificial Intelligence (AI) models “learn” from large amounts of high-quality training data prepared by humans. This project will focus on creating this training data for Tibetan language.
HankerM·monlam.ai·
Monlam AI
SmartHanzi
SmartHanzi
SmartHanzi is a free yet professional grade tool for students and anyone wishing to read real Chinese texts (web, PDF) even with a limited level in Chinese. Parse and lookup SmartHanzi provides immediate access to unknown words. Although it is not a learning tool, it shows links to related words (also in, contained) and character details: stroke order, character series (Kangxi, etymology). With this perspective beyond immediate usage, one gets naturally familiar with words and characters. Besides recognizing the correspondence between simplified and traditional variants, SmartHanzi also recognizes multiple traditional variants. For instance, searching 真 (or finding 真 in a text) will show both 真 and 眞, according to what is present in selected dictionaries. Or it will recognize equally well 為 / 爲 or 眾 / 衆. Tests Some versions include tests based on HSK levels as a way to check one’s progress. Progress is shown on 12 months. Tests are short and errors reviewed first. One can choose longer tests, or to review unsure words or check supposedly known words. Etymology Etymology is not only for scholars or experts. Along centuries, Chinese writing has developed a number of reference points, reasonable or simply traditional, well known by most Chinese. Se non è vero, è ben trovato. Trying to “learn” Chinese writing without leveraging this invaluable assistance would be an unreasonable challenge. Etymological indications and character series emphasize these reference points. Dictionaries As a free application, SmartHanzi offers a smaller choice than major commercial applications, but remains globally best in class for the intended usage. A first demo (PoC = Proof of Concept) of “Dictionnaire Couvreur” (Chinese-French, classical Chinese) is for those more interested in Chinese culture, since modern language still largely employ elements of ancient Chinese. User Interface SmartHanzi is available for PC, Mac and mobile: - Windows and Mac versions are most effective and comfortable for professional use. - Smartphones offer fast and flexible reading. - Tablet landscape mode (horizontal) can be used either in full screen (split window like on laptop) or multiple applications: the application on one half with original reader on the other half. Download - Windows: download from www.smarthanzi.net is recommended. A Microsoft Store version is also available but at the moment it is not at the same level. - Mac: same version on www.smarthanzi.net and Mac App store. Download from www.smarthanzi.net is recommended for frequent users. - Android: Play Store (or Amazon). - iPhone, iPad: App Store DDB Access DDB Access is similar to SmartHanzi for collaborative projects DDB (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism) and CJKV-E (Classical Chinese). Full dictionary entries for DDB and CJKV-E are much more detailed in DDB Access than short definitions in SmartHanzi. Anyone can access 20 full entries per day.
HankerM·smarthanzi.net·
SmartHanzi
China Historical Christian Database
China Historical Christian Database
The China Historical Christian Database (CHCD) quantifies and visualizes the place of Christianity in modern China (1550-1950). It provides users the tools to discover where every Christian church, school, hospital, orphanage, publishing house, and the like were located in China, and it documents who worked inside those buildings, both foreign and Chinese. Collectively, this information creates spatial maps and generates relational networks that reveal where, when, and how Western ideas, technologies, and practices entered China. Simultaneously, it uncovers how and through whom Chinese ideas, technologies, and practices were conveyed to the West. This project breaks new ground in providing quantifiable data about modern Sino-Western relations. Its intuitive interface generates visualizations, lists, and maps for use by the general public, students and teachers in secondary education and colleges, in the US and globally, with English and Chinese navigation. Advanced DH users have open access to its data for elaboration. BU’s digital infrastructure guarantees long-term sustainability, and CHCD’s international collaborations in the USA, Asia, and Europe help promote historical understanding between China and the rest of the world. The CHCD is hosted by the Center for Global Christianity and Mission at Boston University.
HankerM·chcdatabase.com·
China Historical Christian Database
Tibetan Oral History Archive Project | Library of Congress
Tibetan Oral History Archive Project | Library of Congress
The Tibetan Oral History and Archive Project (TOHAP) is a digital online web archive of oral history interviews in Tibetan and Chinese with accompanying written transcripts (in English) that documents the social and political history of modern Tibet. The interview tapes can be listened to simultaneous with reading the transcripts. The translations were made in a literal style to retain a flavor of the original Tibetan. The TOHAP collection includes a large corpus of interviews from common folks and Drepung monastery monks speaking about their lives, and Tibetan and Chinese officials speaking about modern Tibetan history. An interactive glossary is available to explain Tibetan terms that appear in the transcripts. As of April 2019, the portion of the TOHAP Collection that is available on line consists of 403 tapes (361 from the Political/History collection, 35 from the common folk collection and 7 from the Drepung collection). These come from interviews with 125 interviewees. This comprises on line approximately 500 hours of recordings and about 11,000 pages of transcripts. Future installments will add the small remainder of the Political collection and more tapes and transcripts from the Common Folk and Drepung Collections over the next few years. These interviews were collected by Professor Melvyn C. Goldstein and his assistants/colleagues during a series of research projects on modern Tibet history and society that were funded by the National Geographic Society (1980-81), National Endowment for the Humanities (RO-20261-82, RO-20886-85, RO-21860-89, RO-22251-91, RO-22754-94) and during a large Tibetan Oral History Project funded by the Henry Luce Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities (RZ-20585-00, RZ-50326-05, RZ-50845-08). Professor Goldstein is the John Reynolds Harkness Professor of Anthropology and Co-Director of the Center for Research on Tibet at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Knowledge of the social and political history of Tibet during the second half of the Twentieth Century has been limited by the absence of the voices of everyday Tibetans and officials from the traditional Tibetan government. The Tibetan Oral History and Archive Project was undertaken by Professor Goldstein to collect and preserve these voices and with it a record of the diversity of life as it was lived in Tibet in the traditional and socialist eras. The ensuing Oral History Archive consists of interviews with almost 700 Tibetans (and a few Chinese) living in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and in exile in India and the West about their lives and modern history. This archive, the largest of its type in the world, contains three collections: the Common Folk Oral History collection, the Political or Historical Collection and the Drepung Monastery Collection.  The Common Folk Collection consists of recorded interviews in Tibet and India with over 600 Tibetans from all strata about their lives during the traditional society and the socialist period through the Cultural Revolution. Its files begin with the code: OR… The Political Collection consists of recorded interviews with former Tibetan government officials who played important roles in Tibet's history. The topics discussed include historical events in both the traditional and socialist periods. Its files begin with the code: H… The Drepung Monastery Collection consists of recorded interviews on monastic social and economic life with roughly 100 monks who were members of Drepung monastery in the traditional era. Drepung monastery is located 5 miles outside of Lhasa and was Tibet's largest monastery, housing about 10,000 monks in 1959 at the end of the traditional era. Its files begin with the code:  M…
HankerM·loc.gov·
Tibetan Oral History Archive Project | Library of Congress
Himalaya Archive Vienna
Himalaya Archive Vienna
The HAV is a modern multimedia archive at the Center for Inter­disciplinary Research and Documentation of Inner and South Asian Cultural History (CIRDIS), University of Vienna, and home to research documentation from South and Inner Asia with a special focus on the Himalaya. Its over-arching archive structure houses multi-disciplinary data originating from largely third-party funded research projects as well as private collections or donations. It aims to provide a strong foundation for the successful collaboration between research partners from various disciplines united by a common interest and wish to preserve and share their data according to the policies of the open science community. The HAV is under active development. This first release is a glimpse into the thematic and geographical width and depth of the material currently being archived and a series of advanced representational features planned to be integrated later on. At the time of writing a number of further collections are already being evaluated and/or prepared for ingestion. Further information about us, our ongoing research initiatives and related news can be found on the website of CIRDIS.
HankerM·hav.univie.ac.at·
Himalaya Archive Vienna
Modern China Geospatial Database
Modern China Geospatial Database
The Modern China Geospatial Database (MCGD) seeks to provide an all-encompassing series of datasets for the spatial analysis of modern China. The ENP-China project has produced a comprehensive series of vector layers related to the administrative geography of China in the Republican period. These data layers are available on the MCGD repository on ArcGIS Online. On this page, we provide another component of MCGD, namely the gazetteer of all place names in modern China. Our purpose is to identify and collect all the name variants under which locations in China were named in historical sources. In particular, this includes the amazing variety of transliteration systems through which Westerners designated place names (e.g. for Shanghai: Shang-hae, Changhaï, Schanghai, etc.). Of course, the main purpose is to enable users to find and locate any place name on a map thanks to the geo-coordinates attached to each location. The MCGS Search interface can be used to identify and locate place names. User can search place name individually or they can upload a list of place names as a CSV file. The search engine will retrieve any name, in Chinese or any transliteration system, and provide the geo-coordinates, along with the current name in Chinese and pinyin, as well as all known designations. For best results, we recommend to always include both the name of the place and the name of the province as the same place names appear multiple times across China.
HankerM·analytics.huma-num.fr·
Modern China Geospatial Database
Tibetan date calculator | npm.io
Tibetan date calculator | npm.io
Check Tibetan-date-calculator 1.2.1 package - Last release 1.2.1 with MIT licence at our NPM packages aggregator and search engine. A Javascript library to calculate Tibetan calendrical dates according to the Phugpa tradition. The calculations are basically implementation the formulas in Svante Janson, "Tibetan Calendar Mathematics". We are using year 806 as the epoch for all calculations. See the paper for details.
HankerM·npm.io·
Tibetan date calculator | npm.io
A Visual Dictionary of Tibetan Verb Valency
A Visual Dictionary of Tibetan Verb Valency
The Visual Dictionary of Tibetan Verb Valency is a proof of concept corpus-driven lexical resource to explore the argument structure of Tibetan verbs diachronically, through data visualisation. This resource is best viewed on wider screens and is not designed for mobile devices. The Visual Dictionary of Tibetan Verb Valency is part of the UKRI-funded project Lexicography in Motion: A History of the Tibetan Verb (AH/P004644/1). The dictionary data are available on Zenodo.
HankerM·mangalamresearch.shinyapps.io·
A Visual Dictionary of Tibetan Verb Valency
Elites, Networks and Power in Modern China
Elites, Networks and Power in Modern China
The « Elites, Networks and Power in modern urban China » project explores the transformative process of elites in China between 1830 and 1949. It focuses on three main urban areas which were the engines of change in modern China: Beijing/Tianjin, Guangzhou/Hong Kong, and greater Shanghai. The project intends to challenge the China-centered and group-based approach dominant in the historical literature of the past two decades. The project envisions elites in urban China as actors whose status, position, and practices were shaped by the power configurations that developed over time and whose actions through institutions and informal/formal networks in turn were a determining factor in redrawing social and political boundaries. The project places the emphasis on the networks through which information, capital, and individuals circulated. It investigates the transnationalization of elites as a process that overstepped the limits of institutions and nation states. The key methodological issue that the project addresses is breaking through existing limits of access to historical information that is embedded in complex sources and its transformation into refined, re-usable and sustainable data for contemporary and future study of modern China. It proposes a step-change in the study of modern China reliant upon scalable data-rich history to deliver precise historical information at an unprecedented scale from heretofore untapped sources – as well as reshaping the analysis of existing sources – to create a new dimension in the study of the transformation of elites in modern China.
HankerM·enpchina.eu·
Elites, Networks and Power in Modern China
Elites, Networks, and Power in Modern Urban China | Zenodo
Elites, Networks, and Power in Modern Urban China | Zenodo
The ERC-funded ENEP-CHINA project proposes a step-change in the study of modern China reliant upon scalable data-rich history. It will deliver precise historical information at an unprecedented scale from heretofore untapped sources – as well as reshaping the analysis of existing sources – to create a new dimension in the study of the transformation of elites in modern China. It will deploy an array of cutting-edge digital methods— including data mining, sampling, and analysis within an integrated virtual research environment. To establish the validity of this approach, the project focuses on the three urban areas (Shanghai, Beijing/Tianjin, Canton/Hong Kong) that had the most profound impact on the course of modern Chinese history. The project will challenge the China-centered and group-based approach dominant in the historical literature of the past two decades. The project envisions elites in urban China as actors whose status, position, and practices were shaped by the power configurations that developed over time and whose actions through institutions and informal/formal networks in turn were a determining factor in redrawing social and political boundaries. The project will place the emphasis on the networks through which information, capital, and individuals circulated. It will investigate the transnationalization of elites as a process that overstepped the limits of institutions and nation states. The key issue that the project will address is breaking through existing limits of access to historical information that is embedded in complex sources and its transformation into refined, re-usable and sustainable data for contemporary and future study of modern China.
HankerM·zenodo.org·
Elites, Networks, and Power in Modern Urban China | Zenodo
China Historical Geographic Information System
China Historical Geographic Information System
The China Historical Geographic Information System, CHGIS, is a free database of placenames and historical administrative units for the Chinese Dynasties. CHGIS provides a base GIS platform for researchers to use in spatial analysis or to visualize the historical divisions of China as digital maps.
HankerM·sites.fas.harvard.edu·
China Historical Geographic Information System
Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures
Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures
The Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures is responsible for planning and implementing core digital archives projects at Academia Sinica (main project), while also coordinating and managing the work of digital archives expansion and digital technology development done by various institutes and centers at Academia Sinica (sub-projects).
·ascdc.sinica.edu.tw·
Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures
Transcriptions and translations of the Nāmasaṅgīti | GitHub
Transcriptions and translations of the Nāmasaṅgīti | GitHub
This repository contains a translation of the Nāmasaṅgīti by Ryan Conlon and Stefan Mang, accompanied by some other related materials. We have been preparing this translation in the hope of making it available on the Lotsawa House website. Our work is still very much in draft form; but even after its completion/publication, we intend maintain this repository (1) for the sake of version control (i.e., tracking changes); (2) to store collations, transcriptions, and analysis of relevant textual materials; and (3) to have a stable and publicly accessible location to share information and receive feedback. We are aware of at least six previously published complete translation of the Nāmasaṅgīti into English, as well as one partial translation. These translations are already fine achievements in their own right; nevertheless, we hope our present effort can be seen as offering two modest but unique features: Our translation has been composed in blank verse. This, we hope, should facilitate its recitation aloud, and provide some pleasure to those who enjoy metrical English verse. We have managed to carry out a certain amount of textual research in producing the present translation. Specifically, we have systematically compared two Tibetan translations of the text, and we have read the Sanskrit text along with the entirety of Vilāsavajra's commentary in Sanskrit (both the published and unpublished portions).
HankerM·github.com·
Transcriptions and translations of the Nāmasaṅgīti | GitHub
Digital Humanities Japan
Digital Humanities Japan
Digital Humanities Japan is an international and interdisciplinary community of scholars and professionals interested in working with digital methods, tools, and resources for Japanese Studies. As a collective, we aim to foster collaboration between those with similar interests by promoting scholarly dialogue, holding workshops to develop technical skills and project ideas, and creating a central platform for the sharing of resources related to digital methods.
·dhjapan.org·
Digital Humanities Japan