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The Buddhist Canons Research Database | AIBS
The Buddhist Canons Research Database | AIBS

The Buddhist Canons Research Database is a resource that offers complete bibliographic information (with internal crosslinks and links to external resources) for the roughly 5,000 texts contained in the Tibetan Buddhist canon, and offers both general and targeted full text search access to those texts (approximately 15 million syllables).

BCRD is a joint project of the American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS) and the Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies (CCBS).

The Buddhist Canons Research Database was first developed as a private reference tool in 1994 as a loose combination of existing bibliographies and reference resources. In 1999, a custom search-and-retrieval search engine was built specifically for Tibetan language data, incorporating fuzzy-matching, stemming, and part-of-speech identification in support of corpus-based linguistic research for Tibetan.

In 2010, the basic bibliographic database was first deployed (as a public beta) as an online resource to enable the research community to document and track editions and translations of texts in the Buddhist canon — beginning with Tibetan canonical works collected in the Kangyur (bka 'gyur) and Tengyur (bstan 'gyur). Designed to facilitate research in canonical materials, related texts in the two halves of the canon and in the bibliography of secondary literature in world languages were cross-linked to allow for rapid accessing of information, including direct links to page images (hosted by TBRC) and e-text (hosted by ACIP) as well as documentation and links to parallel e-texts in Sanskrit and Chinese.

In 2011, in an attempt to support the larger goal of the American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS) of promoting translation and research in Buddhist Studies worldwide, the interface to the database was redesigned for localization in nine languages (English, French, German, Spanish, Dutch, Russian, Tibetan, Japanese, and Chinese). In addition, as one of the key strengths of the Tibetan literature lies in its thousand year commentarial tradition on the Buddhist canon, select authors and textual collections were added to the database as well, providing direct links to Tibetan-authored commentaries on canonical works. This remains an ongoing augmentation of the research database.

In 2013, the BCRD was formally launched with a redesigned interface, and full-text searching of the Kangyur and Tengyur — either as a whole or specifically within an individual text — was added, complete with page-by-page reference information and links to available e-text (again hosted by ACIP) and partial lexical information automatically provided through the use of techniques of Natural Language Processing. This, too, remains an ongoing development of the database. A detailed presentation of the latest features was given by Paul Hackett at the Thirteenth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies (IATS-XIII), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, July 2013, and at the "Humanities Studies in the Digital Age and the Role of Buddhist Studies" conference at the University of Tōkyō, November, 2013.

HankerM·databases.aibs.columbia.edu·
The Buddhist Canons Research Database | AIBS
Manuscript and Text Cultures
Manuscript and Text Cultures
MTC is an open access journal established at The Queen's College Oxford with support from the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern and Clay Sanskrit Library. The journal is envisioned as a platform for inter-disciplinary dialogue among scholars working on different premodern manuscript and epigraphic cultures. The editors encourage articles presented in a way accessible to scholars working on any region, with a potential to stimulate discussion in the broader community of manuscript and epigraphic studies.
HankerM·mtc-journal.org·
Manuscript and Text Cultures
Chinese Religious Text Authority
Chinese Religious Text Authority
The Chinese Religious Text Authority aims to connect bibliographic information across collections, archives, and private libraries in order to map out detailed webs of relationships among producers, publishers, and distributors of religious texts. In this first phase of the project, we focus on a corpus of pre-1949 Chinese Religious texts included in major reprint collections. The data generated from this open-access, international, collaborative project has the potential to reveal formerly undiscovered associations. CRTA was founded in December 2018. We are grateful to Simon Wiles for help with the technical infrastructure and hosting the wiki. CRTA has received and is grateful for support from FROGBEAR, and the University of Colorado.
HankerM·crta.info·
Chinese Religious Text Authority
The Kumarajiva Project | Khyentse Foundation
The Kumarajiva Project | Khyentse Foundation
Khyentse Foundation is pleased to announce the official launch of the Kumarajiva Project (note: website is currently only in Chinese). KF’s latest translation effort focuses primarily on translating into Chinese all the texts in the Tibetan Buddhist canon that are not currently available in the Chinese canon. After a successful pilot project and several years of extensive research and planning, the Kumarajiva Project is now prepared to dive into the immense task of translating more than 130,000 pages of Tibetan texts into Chinese.  Watch Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche introduce the project. The Kumarajiva Project is known in Chinese as 圓滿法藏-佛典漢譯計畫, the transliteration of which is “Yu’an Man Fa-Zang.” The Chinese name translates roughly to “enriching the treasury of the dharma” or “making the treasury more perfect than it already is.” The “treasury” refers to the Chinese Buddhist canons. Also, there are numerous texts from other Buddhist canons that are not available in Chinese. The vision of the Kumarajiva Project is to make all Buddhist texts available in Chinese, starting by translating the texts that are available in Tibetan but not in Chinese.
HankerM·khyentsefoundation.org·
The Kumarajiva Project | Khyentse Foundation
Toyo Bunko Manuscript Kanjur
Toyo Bunko Manuscript Kanjur
It is our great pleasure to publish the database of the Toyo Bunko Manuscript Kanjur. The Tibetan research group of the Toyo Bunko launched the project in collaboration with the Open Philology project, an ERC-funded effort based at Leiden University (project 741884), and the project Buddhist Kanjur Collections in Tibet’s Southern and Western Borderlands based at the University of Vienna. Our sincere thanks are due to Prof. Jonathan Silk of Leiden University, Prof. Helmut Tauscher, Dr. Markus Viehbeck, and Dr. Bruno Lainé of the University of Vienna for their participation in the project. We gratefully acknowledge the Taishō Univeristy for permitting us to reproduce the catalogue of the Toyo Bunko Manuscript Kanjur published by Prof. SAITO Kōjun in 1977. We also thank Dr. NAKAMURA Satoru for constructing the website and IJŪIN Shiori for compiling the detailed catalogue of the dKon brtsegs (Ratnakūṭa) section, the data of which are integrated into each item page. The images of the six volumes (vols. 51–56) of the dKon brtsegs (Ratnakūṭa) section are accessible here and will also be seen through the website of the Resources for Kanjur & Tanjur Studies (rKTs), Vienna (see Link). We will continue the project and publish other sections of the Manuscript Kanjur.
HankerM·app.toyobunko-lab.jp·
Toyo Bunko Manuscript Kanjur
Digital Resources | Tsadra Foundation
Digital Resources | Tsadra Foundation
Tsadra Foundation supports the work of students, practitioners, translators, and researchers of Tibetan Buddhism through the development of digital resources. In taking advantage of contemporary tools in the digital humanities, Tsadra Foundation aims to be at the forefront of providing tools for the study and practice of Buddhism. Here you can find a number of resources for access to digital Tibetan texts and detailed catalogs of information for translators, researchers, and students. You can also visit an extensive list of online tools and resources.
HankerM·tsadra.org·
Digital Resources | Tsadra Foundation
Pratisaṃvid | Dorji Wangchuk
Pratisaṃvid | Dorji Wangchuk
Welcome to Opuscula Buddhologica et Tibetologica on the WordPress! Some of you who know me may think: “Oh no, not again!” This would be a justified reaction because I have several blogs (https://www.blogger.com), which are hardly consistently and continually maintained. Some entries there may be of some academic value but they were never meant to be academically valuable. They were meant to be mere hobbies and sandboxes. I play there whenever I can. But of course the nicest thing would be if work itself can be enjoyed as a hobby. As an academic, one might say that the best holiday would be when one can study and write petty academic works undisturbed by the hustle and bustle of bureaucratic works and other non-academic obligations. What one often ends up doing is stealing, whenever one can, a few moments between various commitments and obligations, and grabbing an academic book and taking down a few random notes (zin bris, brjed tho or brjed byang). But soon one would realize that these notes are like “drawings on the surface of water” (chu’i ri mo). Even if one had etched one’s notes on paper, which one believes is more tangible and durable, it is not easy to trace them again, for one is often on one’s way without any paper. Of course, I know that some people are so systematic and consistent that they can easily trace anything from anywhere. I respect and envy them! So blogs are solutions for people like myself. (a) One can easily write anything on blogs and easily access one’s writings. (b) One can easily delete, add, or change them whenever one wants. (c) It is surprisingly durable and tangible. (d) One can instantaneously share ideas with the interested readership. While none of my previous blogs were meant to be “academic,” this particular blog, lays some claim to being “academic.” I hasten to concede that all my academic writings are hypothetical and are prone to deletions or corrections. While I take full responsibility for the petty little things that I write here, I cannot be sure of their reliability. As my German professor is wont to advise, we cannot fully trust anybody’s work particularly not one’s own. These blog articles will be mostly very terse for they will often be written based on a few random notes and completed in just in one sitting. They would be imperfect. But they would provide me with a feeling of an instant success and fulfillment. If an article grows beyond its scope, I may close down it down and publish it elsewhere in a printed form. Last but not least, I sincerely apologize in advance to all those whose mother tongue is English and to those who write in perfect and elegant English. English is not my mother tongue, and even if it were, I am not so sure if I would have acquired the necessary talent to write in English with mastery, clarity, and beauty. I can only call on readership’s leniency with all the imperfections that bound these short blog articles.
HankerM·sudharmablog.wordpress.com·
Pratisaṃvid | Dorji Wangchuk
Kalpa Bon | Charles Ramble
Kalpa Bon | Charles Ramble
Until relatively recent times the Bon religion of Tibet was poorly understood by the majority of Tibetans and Westerners alike. Although our general knowledge has advanced greatly in the past few decades thanks to the work of a few pioneering scholars, misconceptions still abound, and many areas of this fascinating religion remain obscure. While most of the secondary literature on Bon has dealt with the history, philosophy and meditative systems of the religion, the domain of ritual is still substantially unexplored. Some of the most important contributions to this subject that have so far been published are presented here. [link] Understandably, students of Bon ritual have tended to favour the literary component: after all, where the rituals in question are obsolete, this is the only option available to the researcher, except in the rather unusual cases where the surviving texts are supplemented with illustrations. But ritual, by definition, includes an important performative element. In addition to the various accoutrements and effigies that feature in any performance, there are gestures, processions and interactions that are generally described in only the vaguest terms in the liturgical sources, where they are mentioned at all. Some of the most interesting aspects of ritual performances have no place whatsoever in the sources. These would include a lama’s idiosyncratic interpretation of text prescriptions, his exchanges with the other participants (such as his assistant and his patrons), the occurrence of errors (an assistant pouring red dye onto an effigy what should remain uncoloured), and solicited or spontaneous commentaries on procedures. If the text is just one – albeit an essential – component of a ritual, observing an actual performance can be a hopelessly confusing experience. Behind the noise, the chaotic activity and the protracted chanting it is often far from clear what is going on. One of the main purposes of this site is to render Bonpo rituals more accessible by combining the textual and performative dimensions. A detailed explanation of how this works is given [here], but the general idea can be explained in simple terms as follows: The site hosts several dozen Bonpo ritual texts. The texts are presented in facsimile form as well as romanised transliteration, and, in many cases, with a full English translation and notes. The performative aspect is represented by video recordings of a number of rituals, to which access can be had via links on the site’s pages. The videos are subtitled in English, and range in duration from approximately ten minutes to eight hours. Each ritual is also covered by an article that is divided into two main parts: 1. a general discussion of that category of rituals; and 2. a detailed description of a particular performance. The articles are illustrated with photographs, diagrams and tables, and contain numerous links. The links are of two kinds: 1. to texts; and 2. to video footage. The links will take you to precisely that point in the text or the video that is relevant to the part of the performance that is being described. (It is also possible, of course, to see the texts or watch the videos in their entirety.) The transcriptions of the texts also contain links that will take you to the point in the video where any given passage is being recited. This will enable you to see exactly what is going on when the lama is reading that section of the text. We hope, in time, to establish reciprocal links. This means that it will be possible to go from a point in a video to the corresponding point in a text (assuming that a text is being used at that moment) or to the description furnished in the accompanying article. While this website is dedicated mainly to ritual it also offers resources that are relevant to other areas of the Bon religion. These resources include: paintings (tsaklis and thangkas); texts not directly connected to ritual (such as biographies and canonical works); Tibetan periodicals and other publications related to Bon; scholarly contributions to Bon studies in Tibetan and in European languages.
HankerM·kalpa-bon.com·
Kalpa Bon | Charles Ramble
The Digital Analysis System for Humanities 數位人文研究平台 | Academia Sinica
The Digital Analysis System for Humanities 數位人文研究平台 | Academia Sinica
The Digital Analysis System for Humanities develops digital tools to meet the demands of humanities research, assisting scholars in upgrading the quality of their research. We hope to integrate researchers, research data, and research tools to broaden the scope of research and cut down research time. The Platform provides a comprehensive research environment with cloud computing services, offering all the data and tools scholars require. Researchers can upload texts and authority files, or use others’ open texts and authority files available on the platform. Authority terms possess both manual and automatic text tagging functions, and can be hierarchically categorized. Once text tagging is complete, you can calculate authority term and N-gram statistics, or conduct term co-occurrence analysis, and then present results through data visualization methods such as statistical charts, word clouds, social analysis graphs, and maps. Furthermore, the platform provides functionality for similar-passage comparison, Boolean search, word proximity search, and statistical filtering, enabling researchers to easily carry out textual analysis.
·dh.ascdc.sinica.edu.tw·
The Digital Analysis System for Humanities 數位人文研究平台 | Academia Sinica
The Online Index of Chinese Buddhism
The Online Index of Chinese Buddhism
A collection of online resources for the study of Chinese Buddhism. This list is intended to supplement the guides and collections of bookmarks currently available online. The linked resources are not maintained by me; I've only collected those which are potentially useful to scholars and researchers studying Buddhist religious traditions in China. Includes: 1. Language and Fonts 2. Texts 3. Dictionaries 4. Groups and Associations 5. Specific Topics 6. Collected Links, Bibliographies, and Guides
·buddhiststudies.net·
The Online Index of Chinese Buddhism
Tibetan Studies | Columbia University Libraries
Tibetan Studies | Columbia University Libraries
The Tibetan Studies Collection of the C. V. Starr East Asian Library is one of the most extensive in the country, with nearly 15,000 volumes of Tibetan-language print materials (in traditional and modern formats), 13,000 electronic texts, some 100 different serial titles, and important archival materials. The Library also actively acquires Western and Chinese-language Tibetological materials in the humanities and social sciences. HISTORY OF THE COLLECTION THE PL480 PROGRAM The origins of the Tibetan Studies Collection can be traced to the early 1970s when the university first began receiving Tibetan books and serials through the Public Law 480 Program administered by the Library of Congress. Lacking foreign currency to cover its wheat purchase debts, India agreed to repay the United States with multiple copies of newly published books which were distributed to designated university libraries in North America beginning in 1961. This arrangment, which lasted for more than twenty years, was authorized under and dubbed the Public Law 480 Program, or "PL480 Program" for short. In 1968, a young University of Washington-trained Tibetologist E. Gene Smith (1936-2010) was appointed to the New Delhi office of the Library of Congress to oversee the dissemination of these books. He used the opportunity to help reprint thousands of volumes of Tibetan texts, many of which had been carried to India by Tibetan refugees in the preceding years. Columbia University was one of the recipient libaries, and during the 1970s and early 1980s, it accumulated a collection of more than 5,000 volumes, the core resource when the University appointed Dr. Robert Thurman professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies in 1989. TIBETAN PUBLISHING TRENDS The bulk of Tibetan materials received gratis through the PL480 Program comprised religious and philosophical texts reprinted or published newly in India, Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan. In the early 1980s, however, Tibetan publishing in China experienced its own renaissance. Hundreds of Tibetan titles began to appear on the market, including modern-format editions of classical works, as well as reprints of influential works first drafted by senior scholars in the 1950s. Similarly, a new wave of newspapers and literary journals provided additional publishing opportunities for aspiring Tibetan writers. The successor to the PL480 Program -- the South Asia Cooperative Acquistitions Program (SACAP) of the Library of Congress -- began to acquire and disseminate Tibetan materials published in China, in addition to the titles issuing from South Asia. Today, Columbia University continues to subscribe to the SACAP Program, but also actively acquires through vendors and on acquisition trips a range of titles not held by other institutions, including locally published monographs and serials, audio-visual materials, and larger sets unavailable through the SACAP program. Even as a growing number of Tibetan authors express themselves in online venues, Tibetan scholarship and the print-publishing industry continue to flourish in both China and South Asia. Electronic texts are also beginning to proliferate, though these are produced primarily in Europe and North America, or in cooperation with institutions in the West. TIBETAN STUDIES RESEARCH AT COLUMBIA In 1998, at the urging of the Chinese Studies Librarian, a new line for Tibetan-language materials was approved for the C.V. Starr East Asian Library, and Columbia University now holds the most extensive academic research library collection outside of China. With nearly 15,000 volumes of Tibetan-language print materials, subscription to 13,000 electronic volumes via the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC) Core Text Collections, and important archival collections, the Tibetan Studies Collection actively serves the faculty and students of Columbia University, and elsewhere. In particular, our collection seeks to support the academic offerings of the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, the initiatves of the Modern Tibetan Studies Program of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, under the leadership of Dr. Robert Barnett, and the continued development of classical Tibetan religious studies centered in the Religion Department. In 2005, research and coursework in the history of Tibet was expanded with the appointment of Dr. Gray Tuttle, the Leila Hadley Luce Associate Professor of Modern Tibet. Accordingly, the Library has worked to enrich its collections with a vast store of local histories and genealogies, many acquired in the field. Columbia University is arguably the only university in North America with a full-time professional librarian fully dedicated to Tibetan collection, cataloging and reference at an academic institution. Dr. Lauran Hartley has worked in this position since 2007 to continue building the depth and breadth of Columbia's Tibetan Studies Collection, to serve as reference for faculty and students at Columbia and elsewhere, and to contribute records in WorldCat for Tibetan materials acquired outside of the SACAP program. COLLECTION SCOPE AND STRENGTHS The Tibetan Studies Collection at Columbia University has been growing steadily, and now comprises nearly 15,000 volumes of Tibetan-language texts. In addition to titles received in bulk through SACAP (successor to the PL480 program), the Starr Library actively orders titles published in Tibetan regions of China, and from commercial vendors covering India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, and other areas. The Starr Library also actively collect Chinese and Western-language materials on Tibetan-related subjects. A growing strength of the Tibetan Studies Collection at Columbia, aside from its holdings which are the most comprehensive in North America, is our effort to preserve and make accessible rare documents for the study of Tibetan history since the 17th century, as well as several important archival collections. The Library also collects material objects, such as traditional Tibetan writing and accounting implements, for the study of Tibetan cultural history. For more detail, please see Special Collections.
HankerM·library.columbia.edu·
Tibetan Studies | Columbia University Libraries
Archival Collections Portal | Columbia University Libraries
Archival Collections Portal | Columbia University Libraries
This portal provides access to records of archival collections at Columbia University Libraries, including: - finding aids - collection descriptions - available digital content, such as online exhibits and images. The following collections are available: - Avery Library, Department of Drawings & Archives - Burke Library Archives, Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary - Columbia University Archives - Health Sciences Library Archives & Special Collections - Rare Book & Manuscript Library - Starr East Asian Library Rare Books and Special Collections - Oral History Portal
HankerM·library.columbia.edu·
Archival Collections Portal | Columbia University Libraries
The Interuniversity Research Group on Tibet and the Himalayas
The Interuniversity Research Group on Tibet and the Himalayas
The Interuniversity Research Group on Tibet and the Himalayas (Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire sur le Tibet et l’Himalaya, GRITH), funded by the FRQ-SC, brings together all of the academics in Québec province carrying out research about the greater Himalayan region. The aim of this group is to assemble their multidisciplinary knowledge and capacities, strengthen the synergy between all researchers, regardless of their level of advancement in career, and stimulate collaborations between all members - and beyond, with national and international partners. At present, the group comprises six professors based in five Québec universities, their twenty-or-so graduate students and several associate members, who all fluently speak or or more Asian languages. All are deeply involved, both intellectually and personally, in their fieldwork locations in High Asia and among the diasporic communities of their elective region in Canada and Europe. The team’s strengths rely on the multidisciplinary convergence of the experience and competence of the members across diverse regions of the Himalayas. Bringing in dialogue religious studies, anthropology, philology and history, the members wish to rethink the concept of power in this region along two main focuses : the instrumentalization of history and the analysis of ritual as power technology. The aim is to better document the political, religious and cultural upheavals of these diverse communities, combining historical depth with geographic breadth. Hopefully, this will allow for a more dynamic contribution of Québec-based Tibetologists and Himalayanists to global academic and public debates about the predicament of High Asia.
HankerM·grith.fss.ulaval.ca·
The Interuniversity Research Group on Tibet and the Himalayas