South Asia Resource Access on the Internet (SARAI), also known as the South Asian Studies Virtual Library, was developed and hosted at Columbia University Libraries between 1994 and 2017. This page provides historical background on SARAI, and a list of archived websites. (Please note that archived websites may load more slowly than live websites.)
SARAI started as the South Asia Gopher (SAG), which was publicly accessed by Gopher or telnet connection to the Columbia University host. The SAG was developed by David Magier, then South and Southeast Asian Studies Librarian and Director of Area Studies at Columbia University Libraries. As of March, 1994 (see H-Asia announcements by Magier on March 9, 1994 and on October 30, 1994), this "in progress" site included:
A) Bibliographic resources listing major international South Asia library collections, and links to the University of Wisconsin South & Southeast Asian Studies Video Archive catalog;
B) links to international online resources in Australia, India, Germany and the United Kingdom;
C) listings of South Asia related Usenet newsgroups, listservs, mailing lists, and bulletin boards;
D) South Asia electronic text archives and listings of software and fonts for displaying and printing South Asian texts;
E) South Asia teaching resources;
F) an International Directory of South Asia Scholars of individuals identifying themselves as being involved in South Asian Studies, who had filled out a form distributed by email as in this August 15, 1995 H-ASIA log);
G) a Directory of South Asia Research Institutes;
H) specialized databases and archives on such topics as census data, environment, and health; I) a (then forthcoming) Grants Directory under the editorship of Itty Abraham (a Social Science Research Council program director).
The Digital South Asia Library (DSAL) provides digital materials for reference and research (dictionaries, gazetteers, photographs, prints, drawings, maps, statistics, bibliographies, indexes, books, and journals) on South Asia to scholars, public officials, business leaders, and other users. This program builds upon a two-year pilot project funded by the Association of Research Libraries' Global Resources Program with support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Participants in the Digital South Asia Library include leading U.S. universities, the Center for Research Libraries, the South Asia Microform Project, the Committee on South Asian Libraries and Documentation, the Association for Asian Studies, the Library of Congress, the Asia Society, the British Library, the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, MOZHI in India, the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram in India, Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya in Nepal, and other institutions in South Asia.
The original Web design for the Digital South Asia Library and the Digital Dictionaries of South Asia was by Rebecca Moore.
Columbia Research Guide for Modern Tibetan Studies | Columbia University Libraries
The Columbia Research Guide For Modern Tibetan Studies was compiled by Gray Tuttle, Leila Hadley Luce Assistant Professor of Modern Tibetan Studies, and published for use on Library Web by Lauran Hartley, Tibetan Studies Librarian. It is a navigational tool for library patrons at Columbia University and elsewhere to access bibliographies and other noteworthy resources covering a wide range of subjects in the field of Tibetan Studies. Drawn from an extensive syllabus compiled by Professor Tuttle for his seminar “Sources for Modern Tibetan History,” the Guide in its current version is exceptionally strong in its survey of resources for historical research.
The homepage provides additional links for other subjects: History, Social Sciences, Religious Studies, Language and Literature, Art, and Music. Many sections are still under development, and it is our hope that advanced graduate students or other scholars might contribute bibliographies for their areas of specialty, or suggest useful titles not mentioned here. Dr. Benno Weiner, for example, authored a critical survey of Chinese-language sources for the local histories of Tibetan areas in the People's Republic of China (PRC), while studying in the graduate program.
The Tibetan Studies Collection of the C. V. Starr East Asian Library is one of the most extensive in the country, with nearly 15,000 volumes of Tibetan-language print materials (in traditional and modern formats), 13,000 electronic texts, some 100 different serial titles, and important archival materials. The Library also actively acquires Western and Chinese-language Tibetological materials in the humanities and social sciences.
HISTORY OF THE COLLECTION
THE PL480 PROGRAM
The origins of the Tibetan Studies Collection can be traced to the early 1970s when the university first began receiving Tibetan books and serials through the Public Law 480 Program administered by the Library of Congress.
Lacking foreign currency to cover its wheat purchase debts, India agreed to repay the United States with multiple copies of newly published books which were distributed to designated university libraries in North America beginning in 1961. This arrangment, which lasted for more than twenty years, was authorized under and dubbed the Public Law 480 Program, or "PL480 Program" for short.
In 1968, a young University of Washington-trained Tibetologist E. Gene Smith (1936-2010) was appointed to the New Delhi office of the Library of Congress to oversee the dissemination of these books. He used the opportunity to help reprint thousands of volumes of Tibetan texts, many of which had been carried to India by Tibetan refugees in the preceding years.
Columbia University was one of the recipient libaries, and during the 1970s and early 1980s, it accumulated a collection of more than 5,000 volumes, the core resource when the University appointed Dr. Robert Thurman professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies in 1989.
TIBETAN PUBLISHING TRENDS
The bulk of Tibetan materials received gratis through the PL480 Program comprised religious and philosophical texts reprinted or published newly in India, Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan. In the early 1980s, however, Tibetan publishing in China experienced its own renaissance. Hundreds of Tibetan titles began to appear on the market, including modern-format editions of classical works, as well as reprints of influential works first drafted by senior scholars in the 1950s. Similarly, a new wave of newspapers and literary journals provided additional publishing opportunities for aspiring Tibetan writers.
The successor to the PL480 Program -- the South Asia Cooperative Acquistitions Program (SACAP) of the Library of Congress -- began to acquire and disseminate Tibetan materials published in China, in addition to the titles issuing from South Asia. Today, Columbia University continues to subscribe to the SACAP Program, but also actively acquires through vendors and on acquisition trips a range of titles not held by other institutions, including locally published monographs and serials, audio-visual materials, and larger sets unavailable through the SACAP program. Even as a growing number of Tibetan authors express themselves in online venues, Tibetan scholarship and the print-publishing industry continue to flourish in both China and South Asia. Electronic texts are also beginning to proliferate, though these are produced primarily in Europe and North America, or in cooperation with institutions in the West.
TIBETAN STUDIES RESEARCH AT COLUMBIA
In 1998, at the urging of the Chinese Studies Librarian, a new line for Tibetan-language materials was approved for the C.V. Starr East Asian Library, and Columbia University now holds the most extensive academic research library collection outside of China. With nearly 15,000 volumes of Tibetan-language print materials, subscription to 13,000 electronic volumes via the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC) Core Text Collections, and important archival collections, the Tibetan Studies Collection actively serves the faculty and students of Columbia University, and elsewhere. In particular, our collection seeks to support the academic offerings of the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, the initiatves of the Modern Tibetan Studies Program of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, under the leadership of Dr. Robert Barnett, and the continued development of classical Tibetan religious studies centered in the Religion Department.
In 2005, research and coursework in the history of Tibet was expanded with the appointment of Dr. Gray Tuttle, the Leila Hadley Luce Associate Professor of Modern Tibet. Accordingly, the Library has worked to enrich its collections with a vast store of local histories and genealogies, many acquired in the field.
Columbia University is arguably the only university in North America with a full-time professional librarian fully dedicated to Tibetan collection, cataloging and reference at an academic institution. Dr. Lauran Hartley has worked in this position since 2007 to continue building the depth and breadth of Columbia's Tibetan Studies Collection, to serve as reference for faculty and students at Columbia and elsewhere, and to contribute records in WorldCat for Tibetan materials acquired outside of the SACAP program.
COLLECTION SCOPE AND STRENGTHS
The Tibetan Studies Collection at Columbia University has been growing steadily, and now comprises nearly 15,000 volumes of Tibetan-language texts. In addition to titles received in bulk through SACAP (successor to the PL480 program), the Starr Library actively orders titles published in Tibetan regions of China, and from commercial vendors covering India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, and other areas. The Starr Library also actively collect Chinese and Western-language materials on Tibetan-related subjects.
A growing strength of the Tibetan Studies Collection at Columbia, aside from its holdings which are the most comprehensive in North America, is our effort to preserve and make accessible rare documents for the study of Tibetan history since the 17th century, as well as several important archival collections. The Library also collects material objects, such as traditional Tibetan writing and accounting implements, for the study of Tibetan cultural history. For more detail, please see Special Collections.
Master Sheng Yen, founder of Dharma Drum Mountain, dedicated decades of his life to spreading the Buddhadharma globally and guiding Chan practice, sharing Buddhist compassion and wisdom with people around the world. His idea of Protecting the Spiritual Environment has been widely valued and recognized internationally.
Based on the Master's infinite compassionate vows, Dharma Drum Mountain's branch monasteries and practice centers worldwide have been promoting Three-fold Education and Four Kinds of Environmentalism, endeavoring to help purify human minds and society, in hopes of sowing the seeds of world peace through joint efforts to realize the goal of "building a pure land on earth."
Archival Collections Portal | Columbia University Libraries
This portal provides access to records of archival collections at Columbia University Libraries, including:
- finding aids
- collection descriptions
- available digital content, such as online exhibits and images.
The following collections are available:
- Avery Library, Department of Drawings & Archives
- Burke Library Archives, Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary
- Columbia University Archives
- Health Sciences Library Archives & Special Collections
- Rare Book & Manuscript Library
- Starr East Asian Library Rare Books and Special Collections
- Oral History Portal
A Digital Comparative Edition and Partial Translation of the Shorter Chinese Saṃyukta Āgama (T.100)
T.100 別譯雜阿含 project - Buddhist Informatics @ Dharma Drum Buddhist College
The Digital Comparative Edition of the Bieyi za ahan jing 別譯雜阿含經 (BZA) is a project undertaken by the Dharma Drum Buddhist College 法鼓佛教研修學院 and funded by the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange 蔣經國國際學術交流基金會.
This comparative digital edition:
- provides new punctuation for the BZA and the Za ahan jing 雜阿含經 (ZA) sutras
- corrects and documents mistakes in previous editions
- distinguishes and visualizes parallel and non-parallel passages between the BZA and other Chinese and Pāli versions, enabling the user to conveniently compare the different texts of a cluster
- refines and expands the contents of the 364 text clusters
- provides an annotated English translation of selected sections of the BZA
- enables statistical linguistic analysis by creating aligned parallel corpora (not online)
- is extensible and allows for further material to be added
- provides a basis for future digital editions of Buddhist literature with regard to markup and content management.
The Bieyi za ahan jing 別譯雜阿含經 (BZA) consists of 364 sutras and belongs to the early Chinese Buddhist texts collectively called Ahan (Āgama) sutras 阿含經. Ahan literature constitutes the earliest stratum of Buddhist literature. The originals (in Buddhist Sanskrit) are largely lost, only a few fragments have survived. Next to the Chinese tradition only the Theravāda tradition has preserved a comprehensive set of these sutras in Pāli. While the Nikāyas, as the Ahan sutras are called the Theravāda tradition, have been extensively studied and fully translated into English, Japanese and German, there are extremely few translations or critical editions of the Chinese Ahan sutras.
Generally, all of the 364 short sutras contained the BZA have at least one parallel in Chinese and one Pāli parallel (with commentary). Often there are several parallels in Chinese and Pāli, at times even a fragment in Buddhist Sanskrit[1] has survived. This project has created a digital comparative edition of the BZA, which connects these text-clusters. The source files of the edition are freely available. Moreover, we have studied several aspects of the text and translated parts of the BZA into English with extensive annotation.[2] Textbase for the Chinese is the CBETA edition, for the Pāli data the Vipassana Research Institute has kindly granted us permission to use the text of the Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana CD.
The markup of the XML files uses the encoding scheme of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) which is transformed into HTML for the user.[3] The markup expresses the basic dialogic structure of the content, names, differentiates between prose and verse parts, and connects them to the authoritative printed versions. For the Pāli and longer Chinese parallels the markup distinguishes between larger parallel and non-parallel passages.
Each of the 364 BZA sutras is presented within a cluster of its parallels. All texts within a cluster are linked through a comparative catalog. Middleware between the source files and the user application is eXist, a native XML database. The end-user selects the cluster s/he wants to view online and can further select which of the texts in the cluster to display, in a two- or three column layout. The project was started in summer 2005 and concluded in autumn 2008.
Tibetan Studies Special Collections | Columbia University
Digital collection of archival and other rare Tibetan Studies holdings, primarily in the C.V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University; includes documents and photographs from the Tharchin Collection and the Lama Anagarika Govinda papers, 1945-1993, as well as some materials from the Tibet Information Network (TIN) Archives and the Meg McLagan Collection. Additionally, the Collection includes digital images of some fifty rare books and a limited amount of audio-visual materials, such as lectures by Tibetan Buddhist teachers, and oral-history and related interviews with Tibetan and Chinese scholars and cadres in China and with Tibetans living in exile on their lives and historical events in the 20th century.
We are devoted to collecting Buddhist bibliographies ( 443,318 entries ) with a database of 93,968 full text Buddhist articles
in 45 languages and 15 different types of data. Since 2006, visitors from 237 countries have been browsing the database up to 34,611,599 times.
Enjoy your search! If you use our website for your thesis or research paper, please cite our website as your source.
Buddhist Information and Education Network: Buddhist Studies, World Buddhist Directory, BuddhaZine - Online Magazine. Insight Meditation Online, eBooks on Buddhism.
불교기록문화유산 아카이브 서비스 시스템은 동국대학교 불교학술원의 주관 하에 한국불교가 전통문화유산으로 남긴 다양한 기록물에 대한 집성과 역주작업을 수행하고 그 성과를 디지털 아카이브를 통해 공개한 것이다. 이를 통해서 불교 기록문화유산의 체계적 관리와 학술연구 및 문화콘텐츠로서 활용하기 쉽도록 구축한 것이다.
서비스 시스템은 통합대장경, 한국불교전서, 신집성문헌 등 세 가지로 구분되었다. 불교 기록유산의 기본적인 출발점이 통합대장경인데, 통합대장경은 다양한 계통과 언어 및 판본으로 전승되어 온 대장경을 동시에 열람하고 검색할 수 있도록 통합한 디지털 대장경이다. 한국불교전서는 신라시대부터 조선시대까지 한국인에 의해서 편찬된 불교관련 저술을 집대성했다. 한불전은 한국불교 뿐만 아니라 한국 사상사를 연구하는 가장 중요한 원전 자료이다. 신집성문헌은 국내외의 사찰, 기관, 개인이 소장하고 있는 불교기록문화유산을 본 사업단의 집성작업을 통해 조사, 연구하고 체계적으로 분류한 것이다.
통합대장경 서비스 시스템은 우리나라를 대표하는 자랑스러운 세계기록유산인 고려대장경의 인경본 이미지와 텍스트와 부가정보를 담아 디지털 대장경으로 구축한 고려대장경지식베이스와 우리시대 말과 글로 번역한 한글대장경을 한 화면에서 살펴볼 수 있도록 구축한 것이 특징이다. 이는 고려대장경연구소와 불교학술원의 협력과 공동연구의 성과를 담아서 서비스할 계획이다.
한국불교전서 서비스 시스템은 1단계로 한국불교전서의 원문 텍스트의 검색과 열람을 최우선으로 제공하고, 이의 저본이 되는 원전 이미지와 번역문을 순차적으로 서비스할 계획이다.
신집성문헌 서비스 시스템은 집성작업을 통해 조사한 목록과 메타데이터를 제공하고, 획득한 원전 이미지를 우선적으로 제공하고, 순차적으로 이와 관련한 텍스트와 번역문을 제공하고자 한다.
서비스 시스템은 사용자의 편의성에 맞추어 다양한 개인화 서비스를 통해서 누구나 손 쉽게 불교기록문화유산을 접근하고, 이를 통해 당 시대의 불교 지식과 문화를 느끼고 향유할 수 있도록 지속적으로 업그레이드해 나갈 것이다.
한국고전종합DB는 고전번역서, 조선왕조실록, 승정원일기, 일성록, 한국문집총간 등 한국고전번역원의 사업 성과물을 담은 고전문헌 종합 데이터베이스이다. 웹서비스를 통해 연구자에게는 한국학 연구를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고, 일반 국민에게는 우리 고전을 손쉽게 열람할 수 있도록 하여 고전 대중화에 앞장서고 있다.
고전번역 콘텐츠로는 문집류, 역사류, 법제류, 총집류, 의궤류 등 다양한 장르의 고전번역서와 역사문헌인 조선왕조실록, 승정원일기, 일성록이 있다. 유관기관에서 발행한 양질의 번역서도 DB로 구축하여 국내 고전번역서DB 확충에 노력을 기울이고 있다.
고전원문 콘텐츠로는 신라 시대부터 1910년 이전까지의 우리나라 주요 인물들의 문집을 영인ㆍ표점한 한국문집총간과 번역대상서목이면서 한국문집총간에 수록되지 않은 고전원문이 있다.
그밖에 한문고전의 교육용 자료로 제작한 경서성독 음성자료와 고전문헌 해제자료, 고전번역서 서지정보 검색, 고전번역서 각주정보 검색, 이체자정보 검색, 고전용어 시소러스 등 특화된 콘텐츠는 한국고전종합DB에서 서비스되고 있는 자료를 이해하고 활용하는 데 도움을 주고 있다. 아울러 2017년 한국고전종합DB 고도화사업을 통해 모바일 서비스를 개시하여 모바일 기반에서도 한국고전종합DB의 열람 및 검색이 가능하다.
2001년 서비스를 시작한 ‘한국고전종합DB’는 9억여 자의 텍스트와 78만 면의 이미지, 500만 건의 메타데이터 등 방대한 규모의 한문고전문헌 자료를 제공하고 있다.
Korean History and Culture research database 한국 역사 문화 조사 자료 데이터베이스
정보화의 물결은 현대 인류사회의 전 영역에 걸쳐서 영향을 미치고 있습니다. 학술 영역도 예외는 아니어서 인문학 분야에서도 폭넓은 정보화가 진행되고 있으며, 고고학 학술자료의 정보화도 또한 절실하고 요구되고 있습니다. 고고학 학술 자료 정보화를 통한 연구 활동 지원을 목표로 설립된 진인진은 고고학 학술 자료 특성의 명확한 이해를 바탕으로 발굴 현장 정보 관리, 유물 정보 데이터베이스 구축 및 조회 프로그램, 고고학 학술 정보 관리, E-Book 제작 정보화 솔루션을 제공하여 왔습니다.
고고학 학술 정보 관리 차원에서 2000년 개발이 시작된 한국 역사 문화 조사 자료 데이터베이스는 1940년대의 국립중앙박물관 보고서를 포함한 발굴 보고서 4550권으로 구성되어 있으며, 연도, 발굴 기관, 시대, 지역 등의 검색어로 편리하게 검색할 수 있습니다. 진인진의 한국 역사 문화 조사자료 데이터베이스는 고고학의 연구 작업과 학문발전의 토대가 될 것입니다.
오픈아카이브는 민주화운동기념사업회 디지털 아카이브의 브랜드입니다. 웹의 표준을 준수했고 모바일 웹에 적합한 기술을 사용했습니다. 오픈아카이브는 특정 컴퓨터 운영체제와 웹브라우저에 종속되지 않는 개방형 디지털 아카이브를 지향하여 2011년 시작한 프로젝트입니다. 2015년 진행한 두 번째 프로젝트는 기록정보를 조직하는 도구로서의 디지털 아카이브에 집중했습니다. 우리는 이 도구를 사용하여 기록을 발굴(발견)하고 해석하여 연결할 수 있습니다. 도구를 가진 아카이브, 아키비스트의 적극적인 활동이 가능해집니다. 오픈 아카이브 프로젝트의 다음 단계는 플랫폼으로서의 디지털 아카이브입니다. 아카이브 데이터의 상호운용성(interoperability) 확보와 매핑(mapping)을 통해 플랫폼으로의 진화를 준비하고 있습니다.
During the Korean War, North Dakota native Albert G. Brauer served as Chief of the Projects Branch, Psychological Warfare Division, G3 section. He was responsible for overseeing the creation of propaganda pamphlets that were airdropped over North Korea. This collection contain propaganda leaflets produced by the United States Army a as well as leaflets produced by the communist forces in Korea.
The Korean War: Collections & Resources | DigitalArchive.org
June 25, 2020 marks the 70th anniversary since the start of the Korean War, a major Cold War flash point that continues to shape East Asia – and the world.
HankerM·library.columbia.edu·
