This fear of overinterpretation of neurobiological data is real. The idea that neurobiological factors are mostly genetically determined, static, and insensitive to treatment is still lingering, despite overwhelming evidence for the plasticity of the brain, specifically during childhood and adolescence (Blakemore, 2023; Crone & Dahl, 2012; Kolb & Gibb, 2011). Both the study by Bellato et al. (2024) and Cortese et al. (2023) confirm that single biomarkers are not to be used as a stand-alone for making diagnoses in neurodevelopmental disorders. It seems justified to say that there is not, and never will be, a single biomarker or simple neurobiological test for any neurodevelopmental disorder that can be used as a “shortcut” for more extensive diagnostic assessments. This does not imply that neurobiological assessments are not useful, but that they should be used in combination with other measures to assist in the diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, and treatment of mental health conditions.
As becomes clear from these studies, neurodevelopmental problems should always be seen in the context of the environment, whether this is the family, peers or society at large.
Taken together, there is a need for more integration of neurobiological and environmental information in clinical.