Electroceuticals

The covalent conjugation of potent cytotoxic agents to monoclonal antibodies, known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is a powerful approach in the field of targeted treatment of cancer. Clearly, both monoclonal antibody and cytotoxic payload are crucial elements in determining the clinical value of an ADC and have receive ample attention. However, the structural element connecting the two –the chemical linker– also plays an essential role in mode-of-action, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety profile of an ADC, but is often underappreciated in considerations of ADC design.Chemical Linkers in Antibody–Drug Conjugates aims to shine a detailed light on the various key attributes of chemical linkers in ADCs, for drug-to-antibody ratio, for stability, for release mechanism of payload, for pharmacokinetics, for stability determination, and for efficacy and safety. Ideal for postgraduate students and active researchers in drug discovery and development, this book provides a comprehensive description of linkers used in ADCs (clinical and late preclinical), insight into key quality attributes of linkers for ADCs, and aids the reader in understanding the role of linker chemistry and designing new ADCs.

Evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis that some animals use light-induced radical pairs to detect the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. Cryptochrome proteins seem to be involved in the sensory pathway but it is not yet clear if they ...

The mammalian circadian clock is driven by a transcriptional–translational feedback loop, which produces robust 24-hr rhythms. Proper oscillation of the clock depends on the complex formation and periodic turnover of the Period and Cryptochrome ...

Circadian rhythms are oscillations in the biochemical, physiological, and behavioral functions of organisms that occur with a periodicity of approximately 24 h. They are generated by a molecular clock that is synchronized with the solar day by environmental photic input. The cryptochromes are the ma …

Many birds have a compass in their eyes. Their retinas are loaded with a protein called cryptochrome, which is sensitive to the Earth’s magnetic fields. It’s possible that the birds can literally see these fields, overlaid on top of their normal vision. This remarkable sense allows them to keep their bearings when no other landmarks […]

The cry gene family, produced during the late exponential phase of growth in Bacillus thuringiensis, is a large, still-growing family of homologous genes, in which each gene encodes a protein with strong specific activity against only one or a few insect ...

The nuclear receptors REV-ERB (consisting of REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs; consisting of RORα, RORβ and RORγ) are involved in many physiological processes, including ...

Prolonged exposure to low-level magnetic fields, similar to those emitted by such common household devices as blow dryers, electric blankets and razors, can damage brain cell DNA, according to researchers in the University of Washington's Department of Bioengineering.

Nuclear receptors are activated by lipid-soluble signals (e.g., steroid hormones) that cross the plasma membrane. Once activated, most function as transcription factors to control gene expression for numerous biological processes.

LEE Shuk-ming, Olivia September 2010Has it ever occurred to you that your body is emitting radiation?  Yes, all objects, including human bodies, emit electromagnetic radiation.  The wavelength of radiation emitted

The strong magnetic field properties of magnets have led to their use in many modern technologies, as well as in the fields of medicine and dentistry. Neodymium magnets are a powerful type of magnet that has been the subject of recent research. This review ...

PEMF.com, Acronym for Pulsed Elektromagnetic Fields, the information- and Education-Website for Magnetic Field Therapy and Magnetic Resonance Stimulation

The chemical shifts of 31P and 1H in thulium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) (TmDOTP5−) are approximately two orders of magnitude more sensitive to temperature...

Check out the latest information on Irish trainers and keep up to date on their season details, most recent runners and notable Irish wins.

View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 2010 CD release of "Twilight Dementia" on Discogs.

In this column, author John J. Walsh revisits a past column explaining questions that can help in choosing the best fluid-bed dryer for an application.

Scientific Reports - Publisher Correction: Imaging the transmembrane...

Glioblastoma progression involves multifaceted changes in vascularity, cellularity, and metabolism. Capturing such complexities of the tumor niche, from the tumor core to the periphery, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) methods has translational impact. In human-derived glioblastoma models (U87, U251) we made simultaneous and longitudinal measurements of tumor perfusion (Fp), permeability (Ktrans), and volume fractions of extracellular (ve) and blood (vp) spaces from dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, cellularity from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI, and extracellular pH (pHe) from an MRSI method called Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS). Spatiotemporal patterns of these parameters during tumorigenesis were unique for each tumor. While U87 tumors grew faster, Fp, Ktrans, and vp increased with tumor growth in both tumors but these trends were more pronounced for U251 tumors. Perfused regions between tumor periphery and core with U87 tumors exhibited higher Fp, but Ktrans of U251 tumors remained lowest at the tumor margin, suggesting primitive vascularization. Tumor growth was uncorrelated with ve, ADC, and pHe. U87 tumors showed correlated regions of reduced ve and lower ADC (higher cellularity), suggesting ongoing proliferation. U251 tumors revealed that the tumor core had higher ve and elevated ADC (lower cellularity), suggesting necrosis development. The entire tumor was uniformly acidic (pHe 6.1-6.8) ...

Climate change is known to be dominantly caused by the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, in particular CO2. To prevent excessive accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and the perturbation of natural carbon cycles, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is urgently needed. In this review, a brief overview is provided for both biotic and abiotic CO2 sequestration pathways. Special focus is given to sequestration approaches pertaining to clathrate hydrates. CO2 hydrate, a solid compound made of molecular CO2 enclathrated in crystalline lattices formed by water molecules, is an attractive option for long-term CO2 sequestration due to its higher density than seawater, stability below moderate oceanic/permafrost depths, low susceptibility to fluid flow perturbation when formed in sediments. This review compiles and summarizes the research efforts made on CO2 sequestration as hydrates. Various approaches of CO2 sequestration via gas hydrates are discussed, including storage in seawater, sediments under the sea floor, permafrost regions, methane hydrate reservoirs via CO2–CH4 exchange, and depleted gas fields. The technical feasibility and potential storage capacity of these approaches are analyzed. Finally, the key scientific challenges and prospects are identified and highlighted. Issues related to economics, scale-up, and relative attractiveness versus non-hydrate methods are touched upon but are not the focus of this work.