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The patient is a twenty-three-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease who has major conflicts about receiving maintenance hemodialytic treatment. These conflicts stem in part from the patient's hospitalization at the age of seven and the witnessing of heroic medical procedures used in an attempt …

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross-racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). This study examined the direct impact of White racial identity of 124 counselor trainees on working alliance formation in a same-racial and cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. Regardless of the race of the client, disintegration and reintegration attitudes negatively affected working alliance ratings, and pseudoindependent and autonomy attitudes positively affected working alliance ratings. Implications for counseling, supervision, training, and research are discussed.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often damages, not only white matter axon tracts that transmits signals to and from the brain, but also the central gray matter, causin...

Limit analysis is a very versatile modeling technique that can be used to study metal-forming processes. The upper-bound analysis can be used to predict an upper limit on the power requirements. This work reviews some upper-bound solutions that describe flow through conical converging dies. The concept of a trapezoidal field is introduced and dealt with in great detail, and the power requirements based on the trapezoidal field are calculated. Results are compared with those obtained using spherical and triangular fields. The relative stress expression has been developed analytically and the final optimization with respect to the pseudoindependent parameter is done numerically. The trapezoidal field predicts a lower upper-bound solution for small semicone angles. The range over which the trapezoidal field solution becomes dominant increases with increasing friction factor.

The ChemWiki is the primary and most developed component in the University of California, Davis Hyperlibrary project with six other pseudo-independently operating and interconnected “STEMWikis” that focus on developing and disseminating viable online post-secondary textbook alternatives within a central integrated environment. The Hyperlibrary is a “crowd-sourced” project that is developed by a consortium of students and faculty across multiple campuses and countries. Development entails collecting, integrating, vetting, and building open-access content within a unified and hyperlinked infrastructure. Preliminary results of a data-driven quantitative three-quarter pilot to test the efficacy of the ChemWiki are positive. The effectiveness of the ChemWiki was assessed during the spring quarter of 2014 in the third quarter general chemistry course at UCD. The experimental class (n = 478) used the ChemWiki as its primary resource, while the control class (n = 448) used the standard textbook for the general chemistry sequence. Both classes were taught back-to-back by the same instructor (Larsen) with the same set of teaching assistants and assessment protocols. Both classes used the same exams designed to measure the overall learning gain of the students in both classes, which were also confirmed with pre/post exam comparisons. The results showed that the normalized learning gains for both classes were not statistically different when accounting for student demographics. The Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS) chemistry survey was employed at the beginning and end of the quarter to determine if either class's beliefs about chemistry changed based on the primary resource they used.

Five days of clear sky observations of Kansas and Nebraska are used to examine the statistical relationship between soil moisture and infrared surface temperature observations taken from a geosynchronous satellite. Linear regression is used to relate soil moisture to surface temperature and other variables that represent wind speed, vegetation cover, and low-level temperature advection. Results show good agreement between estimated and observed soil moisture features on each of the 5 days. The average coefficient of determination for five pseudoindependent tests in which the test day is held out of the regression is 0.71. It is shown that a depletion coefficient of 0.92, when used to compute antecedent precipitation index (API), produces the best correlation between API and soil moisture as inferred from GOES thermal infrared data. By averaging daily predicted values over the 5-day rain-free case study period, 92 percent of the variance of the morning surface temperature change is explained by a simple multiple linear regression with all independent variables, or, alternatively, 85 percent of the observed variance in API is explained. It is concluded that this approach can distinguish at least four classes of soil wetness, but the necessity for measurement of surface advection may limit its usefulness in remote areas.

Despite years of study, current treatments do not sufficiently treat chronic pain syndromes. Electrical brain stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) produces profound antinociception, and shows promise in treating these difficult conditions. However, this treatment can also produce intense anxiety which has limited its use. The goal of this study was to better define the complex neural circuitry in the PAG specifically responsible for the analgesic effect and hypothesized that in targeting specific neural circuits we would be able to produce analgesia without anxiety.

We find very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) in Cascadia during the 2014 episodic tremor and slip event under Washington and Vancouver Island using a grid search centroid moment tensor inversion method. The very low frequency earthquakes occur when and where there is no strong tremor detected, contrasting with previous findings where tremor and very low frequency earthquakes have a clear spatiotemporal relationship. This challenges our current understanding of the dynamic relationship between the different types of slow earthquakes and their relationship to slow slip. We interpret these findings to suggest that VLFEs and tremor may have their own "seismic cycles," resulting from asperities of different sizes or characteristics that respond pseudo-independently to stress loading. We propose that very low frequency earthquakes and tremor are subject to asynchronous seismic cycles.

Obesity, a condition affecting more than one in three American adults, is associated with hypothalamic neuronal injury, inflammation, and gliosis- a process characterized by accumulation of activated microglia. Experimental evidence from our lab suggests that microglial activation and inflammatory signaling play a functional role in obesity pathogenesis and, furthermore, that this inflammation, or the blockade of such, may affect whole-body glucose homeostasis. Microglial-specific NF-kB knock-out mice are protected from diet-induced obesity, but, despite their lean phenotype, develop glucose intolerance similar to wild type controls. We therefore used stimulatory (hM3Dq) and inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADDs to test the hypothesis that microglial activation or inactivation acutely affects systemic glucose homeostasis. We generated novel mouse models that selectively express the hM3Dq- and hM4Di-DREADD transgenes in microglia. Expression was verified via qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and IHC. Cohorts of mice and littermate controls were maintained on either normal chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Glucose tolerance tests were performed on mice following administration of the DREADD receptor agonist clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Acute microglial activation via CNO administration in hM3Dq-DREADD animals improved glucose tolerance under both chow and HFD conditions. Acute CNO-induced microglial inactivation in hM4Di-DREADD animals increased fasting glucose in chow-fed animals and worsened glucose tolerance in HFD-fed animals. These findings provide the first evidence that peripheral glucose homeostasis is affected by microglial activity and inflammatory signaling and can be manipulated on an acute timescale using DREADD technology. Disclosure K.M. Ness: None. J. Douglass: None. M. Valdearcos-Contreras: None. M.D. Dorfman: None. A. Niraula: None. S.K. Koliwad: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Suggestic, Yes Health. J. Thaler: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (T32DK007247, R01DK119754)

Limit analysis is a very versatile modeling technique that can be used to study metal-forming processes. The upper-bound analysis can be used to predi…

Here we describe two non-invasive methods to chronically control neuronal activity using chemogenetics in mice. Eye-drops were used to...

PDR Drug Summaries are concise point-of-care prescribing, dosing and administering information to help phsyicans more efficiently and accurately prescribe in their practice PDR's drug summaries are available free of charge and serve as a great resource for US based MDs, DOs, NPs and PAs in patient practice

Rats were injected in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) with either an adeno-associated virus (AAV) and excitatory (Gq) designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) construct...

Antiviral Responses to NNRTI-Based vs. PI-Based ARV Therapy in HIV Infected Infants Who Have or Have Not Received Single Dose NVP for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV - Full Text View.

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are genetically modified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), that can be activated by...

This quick reference chart compares available HIV medication options, including dosing info.

Epilepsy refers to a group of disorders that are characterized by recurrent seizures . It is a relatively common neurological condition, and is considered the most common serious (implying that there is a risk of mortality) brain disorder, affecting around 2.2 million Americans .

The Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents classifies these following regimens as recommended initial regimens for most people with HIV.

The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection involves the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Use of these multidrug regimens subs