The new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic leads to COVID-19 with respiratory failure, substantial morbidity, and significant mortality. Overactivation of the innate immune response is postulated to trigger this detrimental process. The complement system is a key player in innate immunity. Despite a few reports of local complement activation, there is a lack of evidence that the degree of systemic complement activation occurs early in COVID-19 patients, and whether this is associated with respiratory failure. This study shows that a number of complement activation products are systemically, consistently, and long-lastingly increased from admission and during the hospital stay. Notably, the terminal sC5b-9 complement complex was associated with respiratory failure. Thus, complement inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for treatment of COVD-19. Anonymized quantitative data in an SPSS database have been deposited in Norwegian Centre for Research Data and is freely available upon registration for noncommercial use () ([46][1]). [1]: #ref-46

The interactions of properdin with both surface-bound and fluid-phase C3 (the third component of complement) and its activation products have been investigated by using a purified preparation of the ‘native’ form. At physiological ionic strength, a weak interaction with cell-bound C3b (the larger activation fragment of C3) could be demonstrated....

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Eye - The complement system and age-related macular degeneration

Complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in defense against pathogens and in host homeostasis. The complement system is initiated by conformational changes in recognition molecular complexes upon sensing danger signals. The subsequent cascade of enzymatic reactions is tightly regulated to assure that complement is activated only at specific locations requiring defense against pathogens, thus avoiding host tissue damage. Here, we discuss the recent advances describing the molecular and structural basis of activation and regulation of the complement pathways and their implication on physiology and pathology. This article will review the mechanisms of activation of alternative, classical, and lectin pathways, the formation of C3 and C5 convertases, the action of anaphylatoxins, and the membrane-attack-complex. We will also discuss the importance of structure–function relationships using the example of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Lastly, we will discuss the development and benefits of therapies using complement inhibitors.

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Characterization of cell-bound complement activation products on SLE PBMCs using mass cytometry (CyTOF®️)https://t.co/H3VgE5KvcJ https://t.co/HJOF5T20Am— Tal Varsano (@varsanot) April 19, 2019

Overall, these high-level requirements adequately captured the functionality required to enable the health workers to provide the intervention successfully. Nevertheless, the analysis of results indicated that some improvements were required for the system to be useable in a task-shifted interventio …

The aims of this pilot study were to: i) conduct a thorough behavioral and medical evaluation of cats presenting for chronic fabric ingestion; and ii) implement specific treatments for conditions identified and evaluate the outcome of treatment on fabric ingestion. Eight cats which ingested fabric a …

A framework of Human Error Probability (HEP) parameters, which is needed for Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) within a practice of Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of Nuclear Power Plant is first proposed. Then a laboratory experiment was conducted in order to construct a computer simulation mo …

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