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A savory account of how the pursuit of delicious foods shaped human evolution

From ontogenesis to homeostasis, the phenotypes of complex organisms are shaped by the bidirectional interactions between the host organisms and their associated microbiota. Current technology can reveal many such interactions by combining multi-omic data from both hosts and microbes. However, explo …

Once upon a time, lions were the world's most widespread mammals. Now we know more about their genealogy – and that could make it easier to help the species survive.

I am a broadly-trained microbial, behavioral, and evolutionary ecologist with interests in hologenomics, evaluating and managing symbiotic microbial influences on human health and disease, especial…

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Develop a comprehensive 5-year strategic plan and present it accordingly to your target audience. Browse through different kinds of examples for references. Download a few 5-year strategic plan examples in PDF here.

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The theory of kin selection is the framework to explain the evolution of social interactions that abound across the diversity of life (1). Observing cooperative behavior posed a challenge to Darwin, but with social insects in mind he proposed that natural selection at the family level can favor helping relatives reproduce (2). His ideas, and the work of Price, built the foundation for Hamilton’s rule, stating that the cost of helping others, in terms of lost reproductive output, may be offset if help is directed toward increasing reproduction of sufficiently close relatives. As such, the investment in passing on genes through relatives contributes to the inclusive fitness of an organism (3). The stark division of labor in some social insects, between sterile workers and reproductive royals, in particular begged an explanation that kin selection provided. Moreover, kin selection has since also helped to explain cooperative behaviors in mammals, birds, algae, and microbes (4). Estimating and analyzing inclusive fitness effects of social traits and applying concepts from kin selection requires the estimation of relatedness between actors and recipients—a challenge in complex microbial communities. In PNAS, Simonet and McNally (5) propose an approach based on the analysis of metagenomes in fecal microbiomes from healthy donors. Their work opens a frontier for kin selection theory by exploring the associations between relatedness and cooperative trait distributions in human gut bacteria. The field of sociomicrobiology has taken off over the last 20 years (6, 7). In microbes, short generation times, tools for their genetic manipulation, and small space requirements have opened a plethora of opportunities to test central tenets of social evolution theory, under controlled conditions that were unattainable using, for example, beehives or ant colonies. With often simple experimental designs it has been shown that production of secreted public goods, such as siderophores … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sbandersen{at}sund.ku.dk. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature.

The hologenome concept of evolution is a hypothesis explaining host evolution in the context of the host microbiomes. As a hypothesis, it needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to the extent of fidelity of transgenerational coassociation of host and microbial lineages and the relative fitnes …

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Today's headlines from across the top Irish papers. Weather, live sport scores, and what's new in entertainment, business, cars, technology, property, and style.

LONDON—Over the past 24 hours, seven people have checked into hospitals here with telltale symptoms. Rashes, vomiting, high temperature, and cramps:...

How we think about what it means to be alive will always depend on what questions we ask

A holobiont is an assemblage of a host and the many other species living in or around it, which together form a discrete ecological unit, though there is controversy over this discreteness. The components of a holobiont are individual species or bionts, while the combined genome of all bionts is the

University of Copenhagen - Cited by 1,216 - Evolutionary biology - Hologenomics - Biogeography - Behavioural Ecology - Molecular Ecology

Anna Fotaki instructor for Transmitting Science.