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The theory of kin selection is the framework to explain the evolution of social interactions that abound across the diversity of life (1). Observing cooperative behavior posed a challenge to Darwin, but with social insects in mind he proposed that natural selection at the family level can favor helping relatives reproduce (2). His ideas, and the work of Price, built the foundation for Hamilton’s rule, stating that the cost of helping others, in terms of lost reproductive output, may be offset if help is directed toward increasing reproduction of sufficiently close relatives. As such, the investment in passing on genes through relatives contributes to the inclusive fitness of an organism (3). The stark division of labor in some social insects, between sterile workers and reproductive royals, in particular begged an explanation that kin selection provided. Moreover, kin selection has since also helped to explain cooperative behaviors in mammals, birds, algae, and microbes (4). Estimating and analyzing inclusive fitness effects of social traits and applying concepts from kin selection requires the estimation of relatedness between actors and recipients—a challenge in complex microbial communities. In PNAS, Simonet and McNally (5) propose an approach based on the analysis of metagenomes in fecal microbiomes from healthy donors. Their work opens a frontier for kin selection theory by exploring the associations between relatedness and cooperative trait distributions in human gut bacteria. The field of sociomicrobiology has taken off over the last 20 years (6, 7). In microbes, short generation times, tools for their genetic manipulation, and small space requirements have opened a plethora of opportunities to test central tenets of social evolution theory, under controlled conditions that were unattainable using, for example, beehives or ant colonies. With often simple experimental designs it has been shown that production of secreted public goods, such as siderophores … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sbandersen{at}sund.ku.dk. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

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The hologenome concept of evolution is a hypothesis explaining host evolution in the context of the host microbiomes. As a hypothesis, it needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to the extent of fidelity of transgenerational coassociation of host and microbial lineages and the relative fitnes …

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A holobiont is an assemblage of a host and the many other species living in or around it, which together form a discrete ecological unit, though there is controversy over this discreteness. The components of a holobiont are individual species or bionts, while the combined genome of all bionts is the

University of Copenhagen - Cited by 1,216 - Evolutionary biology - Hologenomics - Biogeography - Behavioural Ecology - Molecular Ecology

Anna Fotaki instructor for Transmitting Science.

Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics will study how interaction between genes and microbes determine biological evolution and will be part of the GLOBE Institute. The Danish National Research Foundation has funded the establishment of this new Center of Excellence at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.

Meet the Researchers - PhD student Jacob explains about his exciting new research on salmonoids and hologenomics at the Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics.

Collection of WHO technical guidance on COVID-19, updated based on new scientific findings as the epidemic evolves.

On the 27th of November 2020 Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics hosted an online internal session on the holobiont and hologenomics, with a presentation and discussion of the history and the controversy of the concepts and how to navigate it as a scientist. The discussion was lead by Associate Professor Sandra Breum Andersen.

The FindingPheno project will improve how we understand and utilise the functions provided by microbiomes in combating human diseases as well as the way we produce sustainable food for future generations. This newly funded EU Research and Innovation Action awarded to Assoc Prof Shyam Gopalakrishnan and Assoc Prof Morten Limborg, both from Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics and colleagues across Europe, will start on the 1st of March and be placed within the Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics. In this video Coordinator and Assoc Prof Shyam Gopalakrishnan explains about the project

A new Center of excellence to study how interaction between genes and microbes determine biological evolution. The Center is directed by Professor Tom Gilbert.