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Many disease-causing bacteria use a molecular syringe to inject dozens of their proteins, called effectors, into intestinal cells, blocking key immune responses. Ruano-Gallego et al. used the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium to model effector function in vivo. They found that effectors work together as a network, allowing the microbe great flexibility in maintaining pathogenicity. An artificial intelligence platform correctly predicted colonization outcomes of alternative networks from the in vivo data. However, the host was able to bypass the obstacles erected by different effector net...

Although lithium reduces dinitrogen, the other alkali and alkaline Earth metals have proven largely inert to the gas under ambient conditions. Rösch et al. report that with just the right β-diketiminate ligand and an assist from potassium as terminal reductant, calcium can mediate dinitrogen reduction. Crystallography and spectroscopic characterization revealed a product in which doubly reduced dinitrogen adopted a side-on bridging motif between two calcium centers. A subsequent reaction with coordinated tetrahydrofuran appeared to release diazene. Science , this issue p. [1125][1] Here we ...

When the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic emerged in 2019, researchers rapidly recalibrated epidemiological computer models originally developed for other pandemics to serve as decision support tools for policy-makers and health care professionals planning public health responses. However, no current tools can predict the course of disease and help a doctor decide on the most appropriate treatment for an individual COVID-19 patient. “Digital twins” are software replicas of the dynamic function and failure of engineered products and processes. The medical...

I am a broadly-trained microbial, behavioral, and evolutionary ecologist with interests in hologenomics, evaluating and managing symbiotic microbial influences on human health and disease, especial…

The ocean “ twilight zone,” where sunlight hardly penetrates, is located at depths of 200 to 1000 m from the sea surface. Inhabited by iconic species such as lantern fish and giant squid, it has stimulated our collective imagination for generations. To this day it remains largely unexplored and has revealed few of its secrets. Also known as the mesopelagic, this zone occupies 20% of the volume of the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the global carbon cycle ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]) and may contain both biomass and biodiversity that have been largely underestimated ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). On ...

As The Joy of Sex hits 40, we recall more positions on lovemaking

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit circularly polarized light (spin-LEDs) have potential applications in in three-dimensional displays, bioencoding, and tomography. The requisite spin polarization of the charge carriers is usually achieved with ferromagnetic contacts and applied magnetic fields, but Kim et al. report on a room-temperature spin-LED that relies instead on a chiral-induced spin selectivity organic layer. This layer selectively injected spin-polarized holes into metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, where they radiatively recombined with unpolarized electrons with an effici...

Chronic intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with continual tissue damage that must be repaired. Mucosal restoration is a coordinated process that can be influenced by extrinsic factors, including the commensal bacterial community ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2]). However, individuals with intestinal disease often receive antibiotics during their care, disrupting these beneficial bacteria. Although fungi comprise a relatively small proportion of the microbial community, they can take over mucosal niches because they are not targeted by antibiotics ([ 4 ][3]). On ...

The discovery in 2018 of superconductivity when two layers of graphene are stacked on top of each other at a “magic angle” has opened a new paradigm for studying electronic phenomena ([ 1 ][1]). Now, a pair of studies, one on page 1133 of this issue by Hao et al. ([ 2 ][2]) and the other by Park et al. ([ 3 ][3]), take the twisting magic trick one step further. More robust and tunable superconductivity was realized in three-layer stacks of graphene arranged at an alternating magic twist angle that is a factor of ![Graphic][4] greater than the magic angle for bilayers. The authors also prese...

The hologenome concept of evolution is a hypothesis explaining host evolution in the context of the host microbiomes. As a hypothesis, it needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to the extent of fidelity of transgenerational coassociation of host and microbial lineages and the relative fitness consequences of repeated associations within natural holobiont populations. Behavioral ecologists are in a prime position to test these predictions because they typically focus on animal phenotypes that are quantifiable, conduct studies over multiple generations within natural animal population...

The hologenome concept of evolution is a hypothesis explaining host evolution in the context of the host microbiomes. As a hypothesis, it needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to the extent of fidelity of transgenerational coassociation of host and microbial lineages and the relative fitnes …

The hologenome theory of evolution recasts the individual animal or plant (and other multicellular organisms) as a community or a holobiont – the host plus all of its symbiotic microbes. Consequently, the collective genomes of the holobiont form a hologenome. Holobionts and hologenomes are structura

The Section for Evolutionary Genomics applies integrated ‘omics approaches, that draw principally from genomics, transcriptomics, metabarcoding, metagenomics and proteomics.

Free and open company data on India company STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION LABORATORIES PRIVATE LIMITED (company number U74120UP2011PTC047467), 540 Niti Khand-III, Indirapuram Ghaziabad Ghaziabad UP 201010 IN

[Following is an excerpt of a comprehensive discussion with NC State scientists and other subject-matter experts conducted by NC State Applied Ecology Professor Rob Dunn. We highly recommend you read the full article from NC State News.] Many words have been written (or at least typed) about coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Yet, for as ...

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A new Center of excellence to study how interaction between genes and microbes determine biological evolution. The Center is directed by Professor Tom Gilbert.

To brew the Left Hand Milk Stout clone, mash at 151°F (66°C) for 90 minutes. Boil for 90 minutes, following hop schedule. Add lactose 15 minutes before end of boil. […]

Climate change, water, and land management affect the terrestrial water cycle and river flow. They do so through changes in precipitation and evaporation, aside from a multitude of other land surface processes. Earth system models are routinely used to simulate and detect globally observed changes and attribute these changes to climate change. Attribution is based on an assessment of the consistency or inconsistency of change signatures by including or excluding hypothesized drivers of change in process-based models ([ 1 ][1]). On page 1159 of this issue, Gudmundsson et al. ([ 2 ][2]) compa...