RADIOSENSITIZATION, ELECTRO PRO DRUGS, ANTICANCER

Zinc Ionophores: Optimism for the Immune System Vladimir Zelenko, M.D. June 3, 2021  Summary Zinc Ionophores have broad spectrum antiviral properties against RNA viruses such as COVID-19. The emerging scientific data from peer reviewed journals and clinical trials show that zinc ionophores,...

After the 1918 flu pandemic, the world is again facing a similar situation. However, the advancement in medical science has made it possible to identify that the novel infectious agent is from the coronavirus family. Rapid genome sequencing by various groups helped in identifying the structure and function of the virus, its immunogenicity in diverse populations, and potential preventive measures. Coronavirus attacks the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and lymphopenia in infected individuals. Viral components like spike and nucleocapsid proteins trigger an immune response in the host to eliminate the virus. These viral antigens can be either recognized by the B cells or presented by MHC complexes to the T cells, resulting in antibody production, increased cytokine secretion, and cytolytic activity in the acute phase of infection. Genetic polymorphism in MHC enables it to present some of the T cell epitopes very well over the other MHC alleles. The association of MHC alleles and its downregulated expression has been correlated with disease severity against influenza and coronaviruses. Studies have reported that infected individuals can, after recovery, induce strong protective responses by generating a memory T-cell pool against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These memory T cells were not persistent in the long term and, upon reactivation, caused local damage due to cross-reactivity. So far, the reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, which is highly contagious, shows related symptom...

A variety of important cellular functions are regulated by cytokines. The Jak-STAT pathway is one of the important signaling pathways downstream of cytokine receptors. Following binding of a ligand to its cognate receptor, receptor-associated Jaks are activated. STAT proteins are then in turn activa …

The echogenicity of blood is dependent of the back scattering of the ultra-sound beam by the flowing blood-stream. This black scattering is, according to the Rayleigh theory, proportional to the fourth power of the frequency and to the size of the particles. So, for the frequencies in clinical use, …

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential for studying human brain functioning. Therefore, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the disci …

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that walking while performing a concurrent task negatively influences gait performance. However, it remains unclear how higher-level cognitive processes and coordination of limb movements are altered in challenging walking environments. This study investigated the influence of cognitive task complexity and walking road condition on the neutral correlates of executive function and postural control in dual-task walking.Methods: Twenty-four healthy young adults completed a series of overground walks with three walking road conditions (wide, narrow, with obstacles) with and without the concurrent n-back working memory tasks of two complexity levels (1-back and 3-back). Prefrontal brain activation was assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used simultaneously to measure gait performance and lower-extremity kinematics. Repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to examine the differences between the conditions.Results: In comparison with standing still, participants showed lower n-back task accuracy while walking, with the worst performance from the road with obstacles. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, lower-extremity joint movements, and the relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) concentration levels were all significantly different across the task complexity and walking path conditions. While dual-tasking participants were found to flex their hips and knees le...

Hemodynamic instability is the primary driver for many clinical decisions. Learn the signs healthcare providers use to identify it.

Under physiological conditions, 90% of venous blood returns to the heart via deep veins and 10% via superficial veins. This venous return is ensured by several pumps, the most important being diaphragmatic inspiration for the femorocaval system and the valvulomuscular pump in the calf. A continuously modified equilibrium is established at rest between the forces which generate venous return and those which oppose venous return (Figure 50). The most constant factor opposing venous return is hydrostatic pressure related to gravity.... Read More Read More

Despite a large body of evidence, the implementation of guidelines on hemodynamic optimization and goal-directed therapy remains limited in daily routine practice. To facilitate/accelerate this implementation, a panel of experts in the field proposes an approach based on six relevant questions/answers that are frequently mentioned by clinicians, using a critical appraisal of the literature and a modified Delphi process. The mean arterial pressure is a major determinant of organ perfusion, so that the authors unanimously recommend not to tolerate absolute values below 65 mmHg during surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative organ dysfunction. Despite well-identified limitations, the authors unanimously propose the use of dynamic indices to rationalize fluid therapy in a large number of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, pending the implementation of a “validity criteria checklist” before applying volume expansion. The authors recommend with a good agreement mini- or non-invasive stroke volume/cardiac output monitoring in moderate to high-risk surgical patients to optimize fluid therapy on an individual basis and avoid volume overload. The authors propose to use fluids and vasoconstrictors in combination to achieve optimal blood flow and maintain perfusion pressure above the thresholds considered at risk. Although purchase of disposable sensors and stand-alone monitors will result in additional costs, the authors unanimously acknowledge that there are data strongly suggesting this may be counterbalanced by a sustained reduction in postoperative morbidity and hospital lengths of stay. Beside existing guidelines, knowledge and explicit clinical reasoning tools followed by decision algorithms are mandatory to implement individualized hemodynamic optimization strategies and reduce postoperative morbidity and duration of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients.

Abstract Recent advances in transcatheter interventions have refueled the interest in utilizing invasive hemodynamics in the catheterization laboratory. The authors review contemporary invasive tec...

Background Right (R) or left (L) ventricular outflow tract (VOT) obstruction can be either a dynamic phenomenon or a congenital anatomic lesion, which requires a prompt and optimal timing of treatment to avoid a pathological ventricular remodelling. Objective To develop a simple and reliable numerical tool able to relate the R/L obstruction size with the pressure gradient and the cardiac output. To provide indication of the obstruction severity and be of help in the clinical management of patients and designing the surgical treatment for obstruction mitigation. Methods Blood flow across the obstruction is described according to the classical theory of one-dimensional flow, with the obstruction uniquely characterized by its size. Hemodynamics of complete circulation is simulated according to the lumped parameter approach. The case of a 2 years-old baby is reproduced, with the occlusion placed in either the R/ or the L/VOT. Conditions from wide open to almost complete obstruction are reproduced. Results Both R/LVOT obstruction in the in-silico model resulted in an increased pressure gradient and a decreased cardiac output, proportional to the severity of the VOT obstruction and dependent on the R/L location of the obstruction itself, as it is clinically observed. Conclusion The in-silico model of ventricular obstruction which simulates pressure gradient and/or cardiac output agrees with clinical data, and is a first step towards the creation of a tool that can support the clinical management of patients from diagnosis to surgical treatments.

The popliteal fossa, a real venous crossroads, is the site of anastomosis of three superimposed venous planes: the short saphenous vein and its collaterals, which drain the subcutaneous zone: the medial and lateral gastrocnemius veins, which drain the intramuscular zone: and, finally, the popliteal vein, sometimes duplicated by a collateral vessel, which drains blood from the intermuscular zone (from peroneal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial veins). From a functional point of view, under physiological conditions, the intramuscular gastrocnemius veins represent... Read More Read More

Hemodynamic response to prone position (PP) has never been studied in a large series of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary aim of this study was to estimate the rate of PP sessions associated with cardiac index improvement. ...

This report contains market size and forecasts of Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices in global,

Accurate assessment of hemodynamic status is vital for making correct decisions in the acute care environment. Clinical examination and the monitoring of vital signs alone, though being of utmost...

Older adults are less efficient at avoiding obstacles compared to young adults, especially under attention-demanding conditions. Using functional near-infrared-spectroscopy (fNIRS), recent studies implicated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive control of locomotion, notably under dual-task walk …

Local hemodynamic forces are well-known to modulate atherosclerotic evolution, which remains one of the largest cause of death worldwide. Percutaneous coronary interventions with stent implantation r

Hemodynamic assessment is a key component of the evaluation of the critically ill patients and has both diagnostic and prognostic utility. This review…

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing - Given the number of clinical studies and meta-analyses investigating the impact of cardiac output-guided hemodynamic management on the postoperative...

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential studying human brain functioning. As follows, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle - the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR), by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling (NVC),- is still not fully overcome and more importantly often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.

The mechanisms that link a transient neural activity to the corresponding increase of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are termed neurovascular coupling (NVC). They are possibly impaired at early stages of small vessel or neurodegenerative diseases. Investigation of NVC in humans has been made possible with the development of various neuroimaging techniques based on variations of local hemodynamics during neural activity. Specific dynamic models are currently used for interpreting these data that can include biophysical parameters related to NVC. After a brief review of the current knowledge about possible mechanisms acting in NVC we selected seven models with explicit integration of NVC found in the literature. All these models were described using the same procedure. We compared their physiological assumptions, mathematical formalism, and validation. In particular, we pointed out their strong differences in terms of complexity. Finally, we discussed their validity and their potential applications. These models may provide key information to investigate various aspects of NVC in human pathology.

Scientific Reports - Neurovascular coupling (NVC) in newborns using processed EEG versus amplitude-EEG

A mini-stroke (TIA) can have cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms that last for months or years afterward. Here’s what you can do about it.

Learn about the important role of Neurovascular coupling (NVC) has on concussion treatment. Cognitive FX in Provo, Utah, understands the importance of NVC and how it works to treat patients with post-concussion syndrome symptoms.