Pudendal nerve-spinal pathways are involved in urethrogenital sensation, pain and sexual activity. However, details of these pathways and their modula…

In men with spinal cord injury poor quality semen is seen when performing electroejaculation and penile vibratory stimulation. We determined whether s…

Objectives. To evaluate the utility of no-scalpel vasal sperm aspiration and in vitro fertilization for the treatment of male infertility due to aneja…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of iontophoresis treatment using direct current (DC) with or without antibacterial agent…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of direct current (DC)-induced cytotoxicity. To test the working hypothesis that electrolys…

Rectal probe electroejaculation is effective in procuring sperm from spinal cord injured patients with ejaculatory incompetence. The seminal quality i…

Oxygen-derived free radicals and other oxidizing species are thought to be involved in inflammation and ischemic tissue injuries. Recently, oxygen-der…

Red blood cells (RBC) are thought to be well protected against oxidative stress by the antioxidant, cu-pro-zinc enzyme superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD)…

ystem for the pathophysiology of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) which combines neurological defect in a distinct anatomic location, and data on bowel dysfunction, autonomic dysreflexia and urine biomarkers; review of patient-reported outcome measures in NLUTD; review of the criteria for the diagnosis of clinically significant urinary infections; novel research findings on the pathophysiology of NLUTD; and review of data on minimally and more invasive treatments. Summary Despite the extended evidence base on NLUTD, there is a paucity of high-quality new research concerning voiding dysfunction as opposed to storage problems. The update aims to inform clinicians about new developments in clinical practice, as well as ignite discussion for further clinical and basic research in the aforementioned areas of NLUTD....

Urodynamics (UDS) is the term used to describe testing and measurements of the function of the lower urinary tract and is the only method that can objectively assess dysfunction during bladder filling, storage, and emptying. UDS is a crucial component of the urologic...

The complex interaction between cancer cells and the immune microenvironment is a central regulator of tumor growth and the treatment response. Chemotherapy-induced senescence is accompanied by the senescence-associated secretion phenotype (SASP). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of …

The rapid increase in the incidence of obesity contributes to a parallel increase in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Monocyte-derived macrophages, recruited from the bone marrow to the liver, promote NASH-related inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) release …

Massive infiltrated and enriched decidual macrophages (dMφ) have been widely regarded as important regulators of maternal-fetal immune tolerance and trophoblast invasion, contributing to normal pregnancy. However, the characteristics of metabolic profile and the underlying mechanism of dMφ residence …

Our investigation demonstrates that saliva is a novel alternative body fluid, with potential for surveillance of general DA in patients with SLE, but urine is more informative in patients with SLE with predominantly renal DA.

This is the first study on the role of DC-SIGN+ macrophages in the immune microenvironment of endometriosis. Further study of the mechanism and biological activities of CSF-1-induced DC-SIGN+ macrophages will enhance our understanding of the physiology of endometriosis.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied in recent years. sEV contents change with the secreting cell state. When MSCs are exposed to an inflammatory environment, they release more functional growth factors, exosomes, and chemokines. …

Liver X Receptors (LXR) control cholesterol metabolism and exert anti-inflammatory actions but their contribution to human macrophage polarization remains unclear. The LXR pathway is enriched in pro-inflammatory macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis as well as in tumors-associated macrophages from h …

The portal venous circulation provides a conduit for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor cells to the liver parenchyma sinusoids, a frequent site of metastasis. Turbulent flow in the portal circulation promotes retention of PDAC shed circulating tumor cells (CTC) and myeloid-derived immuno …

At inflammatory loci, pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages produces large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce DNA breaks and apoptosis. Given that M-CSF and GM-CSF induce two different pathways in macrophages, one for proliferation and the other for survival, in this study we …

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptors (CSF1R) are expressed exclusively on microglia in the central nervous system. The receptors regulate immune responses by controlling the survival and activity of microglia and are intricately involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, …

Bone fracture is an important trauma frequently encountered into emergency medicine as well as orthopedics reflecting an aging society. Oncostatin M, an inflammatory cytokine produced by osteal macrophages, has been considered to play a crucial role in fracture healing. Macrophage colony-stimulating …