The goal of competing response practice is to teach the client to engage in a competing response each time the habit behavior occurs or when an antecedent to

When individuals are learning a new response, prompting is most often used. Over time, the learner must come to emit the correct response without prompting.

When the natural cue was changed to evoke behavior, stimulus prompts must gradually be faded. For example, if the behavior being trained is recycling, the

During EMDR, the unprocessed dysfunctionally stored material is linked to more adaptive material, and new associations are made. The client attends to

When a new response is taught through the use of response prompts, fading is accomplished through one of three procedures time delay, least-to-most prompts,

Analogue behavioral observation is a behavioral assessment method in which a clinician observes a client's behavior in a contrived environment e.g., a waiting

In general, as the word implies, covert rehearsal involves repetition, or thinking about the material over and over again. However, in a less strict sense, any

Paul M.G. Emmelkamp and J. H. Kamphuis I. Description of Treatment II. Theoretical Bases III. Empirical Studies IV Summary aversion relief A therapeutic

Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, New School for the Learning Sciences, and Brown University I. Description of Treatment II. Theoretical Basis III.

Models of exposure therapy, one of the key components of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders, suggest that attention may play an important role in the extinction of fear and anxiety. Evidence from cognitive research suggests that individual differences may play a causal role in the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders and so it is also likely to influence treatment. We review the evidence concerning attention and treatment outcomes in anxiety disorders. The evidence reviewed here suggests that that attention biases assessed at pre-treatment might actually predict improved response to treatment, and in particular that prolonged engagement with threat as measured in tasks such as the dot probe is associated with greater reductions in anxious symptoms following treatment. We examine this research within a fear learning framework, considering the possible role of individual differences in attention in the extinction of fear during exposure. Theoretical, experimental and clinical implications are discussed, particularly with reference to the potential for attention bias modification programs in augmenting treatment, and also with reference to how existing research in this area might inform best practice for clinicians.

Relapse prevention (RP) is an important component of alcoholism treatment. The RP model proposed by Marlatt and Gordon suggests that both immediate determinants (e.g., high-risk situations, coping skills, outcome expectancies, and the abstinence violation effect) and covert antecedents (e.g., lifest …

[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”] The enclosed techniques and procedures were developed with materials from a workbook of cognitive behavior techniques titled “Thoughts & Feelings and written by Matthew McKay, Martha Davis, and Patrick Fanning. The workbook was published by New Harbinger Publications, Inc in 1997. Clinical Prompt Step […]

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”3.22″][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.7.7″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” hover_enabled=”0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky_enabled=”0″]The enclosed techniques and procedures were developed with materials from a workbook of cognitive behavior techniques titled “Thoughts & Feelings and written by Matthew McKay, Martha Davis, and Patrick Fanning. The workbook was […]

An approach that has gained widespread application in the treatment of substance abuse is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Its origins are in behavioral theory, focusing on both classical conditioning and operant learning; cognitive social learning theory, from which are taken ideas concerning observational learning, the influence of modeling, and the role of cognitive expectancies in determining behavior; and cognitive theory and therapy, which focus on the thoughts, cognitive schema, beliefs, attitudes, and attributions that influence one's feelings and mediate the relationship between antecedents and behavior. Although there are a number of similarities across these three seminal perspectives (see Carroll, 1998), each has contributed unique ideas consistent with its theoretical underpinnings. However, in most substance abuse treatment settings, the prominent features of these three theoretical approaches are merged into a cognitive-behavioral model.

Branch (The Behavior Therapist 10, 79–84, 1987) and others have expressed interest in extending the behavior analytic framework into the realm of beha…

Cognitive behavioral therapy reduces recidivism in both juveniles and adults. The therapy assumes that most people can become conscious of their own thoughts and behaviors and then make positive changes to them. This page gives CBT resources for correctional facilities.

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions (CBI) is an evidence-based treatment which helps Incarcerated individuals understand the thoughts and feelings which influenc

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Information about Methamphetamine including basics, effects, dosage, history, legal status, photos, research, media coverage, and links to other resources.

Some, including Tirias Research, even believe that AR devices could be one of the alternative platforms to the rectangular bricks we call smartphones that everyone carries today.

EdgeCortix Dynamic Neural Accelerator IP is efficient, modular, scalable, fully configurable neural network IP for AI in FPGA or SoC designs.

The function of a neuron is to transmit information within the nervous system. Neural transmission occurs when a neuron is activated, or fired (sends out an ele

Most excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors are concentrated at the postsynaptic density (PSD) facing pre-synaptic terminals containing the corresponding neurotransmitter [1–3]. The preferential accumulation of receptors at synapses is achieved by their specific interactions with a molecular scaffold that links them to the underlying cytoskeleton [4,5]. This scaffold forms the so-called PSD, which acts as a molecular machine and locally controls some aspects of synapse formation, maintenance, plasticity and function. In recent years, the use of single-molecule and real-time imaging has revealed that neurotransmitter receptors are in constant, rapid movement at the neuronal surface and are transiently trapped at PSDs so as to modify the number and composition of receptors that are available to respond to released neurotransmitter [6–8]. Such is the case for the glycine receptor (GlyR), the GABAA receptor (GABAAR), the glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole pro-pionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, indicating that the phenomenon can be generalized. This dynamic behavior has profoundly modified our view of the synapse. The aim of this chapter is to review some aspects of our knowledge on receptor dynamics.

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Recently, there has been considerable research interest in neural network control of robots, and satisfactory results have been obtained in solving some of the special issues associated with the problems of robot control in an “on-and-off” fashion. This book is dedicated to issues on adaptive control of robots based on neural networks. The text has been carefully tailored to (i) give a comprehensive study of robot dynamics, (ii) present structured network models for robots, and (iii) provide systematic approaches for neural network based adaptive controller design for rigid robots, flexible joint robots, and robots in constraint motion. Rigorous proof of the stability properties of adaptive neural network controllers is provided. Simulation examples are also presented to verify the effectiveness of the controllers, and practical implementation issues associated with the controllers are also discussed.