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As Trillions Flow Out the Door, Stimulus Oversight Faces Challenges - The New York Times
A sprawling system meant to police trillions of dollars is showing signs of strain as watchdogs warn of waste, fraud and abuse.
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- NOMINATION HEARING OF JOSEPH V. CUFFARI TO BE INSPECTOR GENERAL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
[Eyes On [speed]]
A study-specific fMRI normalization approach that operates directly on high resolution functional EPI data at 7 Tesla - PubMed
Due to the availability of ultra-high field scanners and novel imaging methods, high resolution, whole brain functional MR imaging (fMRI) has become increasingly feasible. However, it is common to use extensive spatial smoothing to account for inter-subject anatomical variation when pooling over sub …
Online maintenance of sensory and motor representations: effects on corticospinal excitability - PubMed
Flexible behavior requires the ability to delay a response until it is appropriate. This can be achieved by holding either a sensory or a motor representation online. Here we assess whether maintenance of sensory or motor material drives the motor system to different functional states, as indexed by …
Genetic load on amygdala hypofunction during sadness in nonaffected brothers of schizophrenia patients - PubMed
Following induction of sad mood, both patients with schizophrenia and their nonaffected brothers displayed reduced brain activity in the amygdala. Such hypoactivity is likely to represent a genetic influence and indicates that efficient compensatory mechanisms capable of preventing the onset of the …
Interactions between posterior gamma and frontal alpha/beta oscillations during imagined actions - PubMed
Several studies have revealed that posterior parietal and frontal regions support planning of hand movements but far less is known about how these cortical regions interact during the mental simulation of a movement. Here, we have used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate oscillatory interact …
Inability to directly detect magnetic field changes associated with neuronal activity - PubMed
The ability to directly detect neuronal magnetic fields by MRI would help investigators achieve the "holy grail" of neuroimaging, namely both high spatial and temporal resolution. Both positive and negative findings have been reported in the literature, with no clear consensus as to the feasibility …
Movement preparation and working memory: a behavioural dissociation - PubMed
We can cross temporal sensorimotor contingencies by remembering sensory events or by anticipating motor responses. Here we tested the hypothesis that sensory and motor representations can be accessed according to different temporal dynamics. We predicted that the manipulation of movement representat …
Repetition suppression dissociates spatial frames of reference in human saccade generation - PubMed
The path from perception to action involves the transfer of information across various reference frames. Here we applied a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) repetition suppression paradigm to determine the reference frame(s) in which the cortical activity is coded at several phases of the …
Sources of variability in human communicative skills - PubMed
When established communication systems cannot be used, people rapidly create novel systems to modify the mental state of another agent according to their intentions. However, there are dramatic inter-individual differences in the implementation of this human competence for communicative innovation. …
Increase in prefrontal cortical volume following cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome - PubMed
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling disorder, characterized by persistent or relapsing fatigue. Recent studies have detected a decrease in cortical grey matter volume in patients with CFS, but it is unclear whether this cerebral atrophy constitutes a cause or a consequence of the disease. …
Cerebral changes during performance of overlearned arbitrary visuomotor associations - PubMed
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is known to be involved in the control of automatic movements that are spatially guided, such as grasping an apple. We considered whether the PPC might also contribute to the performance of visuomotor associations in which stimuli and responses are linked arbitrar …
Neural substrates of olfactory processing in schizophrenia patients and their healthy relatives - PubMed
Odorants represent powerful stimuli capable of eliciting various emotional responses. In schizophrenia patients and their non-affected relatives, olfactory and emotional functions are impaired, revealing a familial influence on these deficits. We aimed at determining the neural basis of emotional ol …
Neural correlates of the chronic fatigue syndrome--an fMRI study - PubMed
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by a debilitating fatigue of unknown aetiology. Patients who suffer from CFS report a variety of physical complaints as well as neuropsychological complaints. Therefore, it is conceivable that the CNS plays a role in the pathophysiology of CFS. The pur …
Cerebral coherence between communicators marks the emergence of meaning - PubMed
How can we understand each other during communicative interactions? An influential suggestion holds that communicators are primed by each other's behaviors, with associative mechanisms automatically coordinating the production of communicative signals and the comprehension of their meanings. An alte …
The role of immediate and final goals in action planning: an fMRI study - PubMed
To interact effectively with our environment, we need to specify the intended outcomes (goals) of our actions. In this process, immediate goals and final goals can be regarded as different levels within a hierarchically organized system for action planning: immediate goals and movement details are s …
Communicating without a functioning language system: implications for the role of language in mentalizing - PubMed
A debated issue in the relationship between language and thought is how our linguistic abilities are involved in understanding the intentions of others ('mentalizing'). The results of both theoretical and empirical work have been used to argue that linguistic, and more specifically, grammatical, abi …
Investigating neural mechanisms of change of cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial - PubMed
Dutch Trial Register #15852. Registered 9 December 2013 ( http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4311 ).
NA-CONTROL: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to compare specific outpatient rehabilitation that targets cerebral mechanisms through relearning motor control and uses self-management strategies to improve functional capability of the upper extremity, to usual care in patients with neuralgic amyotrophy - PubMed
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03441347 . Registered on 20 February 2018.
Increased dependence of action selection on recent motor history in Parkinson's disease - PubMed
It is well known that the basal ganglia are involved in switching between movement sequences. Here we test the hypothesis that this contribution is an instance of a more general role of the basal ganglia in selecting actions that deviate from the context defined by the recent motor history, even whe …
Cerebral pathological and compensatory mechanisms in the premotor phase of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 parkinsonism - PubMed
Compensatory cerebral mechanisms can delay motor symptom onset in Parkinson's disease. We aim to characterize these compensatory mechanisms and early disease-related changes by quantifying movement-related cerebral function in subjects at significantly increased risk of developing Parkinson's diseas …
Connectivity-based subdivisions of the human right "temporoparietal junction area": evidence for different areas participating in different cortical networks - PubMed
Controversy surrounds the role of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) area of the human brain. Although TPJ has been implicated both in reorienting of attention and social cognition, it is still unclear whether these functions have the same neural basis. Indeed, whether TPJ is a precisely identifiabl …
Neural dynamics of error processing in medial frontal cortex - PubMed
Adaptive behavior requires an organism to evaluate the outcome of its actions, such that future behavior can be adjusted accordingly and the appropriate response selected. During associative learning, the time at which such evaluative information is available changes as learning progresses, from the …
Gray matter volume reduction in the chronic fatigue syndrome - PubMed
The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling disorder of unknown etiology. The symptomatology of CFS (central fatigue, impaired concentration, attention and memory) suggests that this disorder could be related to alterations at the level of the central nervous system. In this study, we have use …
Movement-specific repetition suppression in ventral and dorsal premotor cortex during action observation - PubMed
There are several models of premotor cortex contributions to sensorimotor behavior. For instance, the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) appears to be involved in processing visuospatial object properties for grasping, whereas the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is involved in using arbitrary rules to guide …
Understanding effector selectivity in human posterior parietal cortex by combining information patterns and activation measures - PubMed
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has traditionally been viewed as containing separate regions for the planning of eye and limb movements, but recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging observations show that the degree of effector specificity is limited. This has led to the hypothesis that effect …
Different brains process numbers differently: structural bases of individual differences in spatial and nonspatial number representations - PubMed
A dominant hypothesis on how the brain processes numerical size proposes a spatial representation of numbers as positions on a "mental number line." An alternative hypothesis considers numbers as elements of a generalized representation of sensorimotor-related magnitude, which is not obligatorily sp …