Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent genetic disorder of infertile males. This study aimed to determine in Klinefelter patients (KS) the expression levels of spermatogenic markers and testicular growth factors that might predict spermatogenesis based on conventional testicular sperm extra …

Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase (CSF1R) plays an integral role in tumor-associated macrophage repolarization and has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Most of the current CSF1R kinase inhibitors lack selectivity between CSF1R kinase and other type III growth …

Autophagy is a non-selective action in which cells degrade parts of themselves, reusing degraded cellular components. Among autophagy-related gene (ATG) family members, ATG4 proteins play crucial roles in the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) system w …

Sustained oxidative stress in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells potentiates the overall tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting the TME using colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition is a promising therapy for CRPC. However, the therapeutic response to sustained CSF1R …

The protein glycodelin (PP14, PAEP) is associated with pregnancy and exhibits pronounced immunotropic properties. We studied the effect of glycodelin on the cytokine profile of blood serum during transplantation a suspension of allogeneic red bone marrow cells to Wistar rats. Recombinant glycodelin …

Cathelicidin-2 is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) produced as part of the innate immune system of chickens and might be a new candidate to combat infection and inflammation within the gut-liver axis. Studying the hepatic immune response is of high importance as the liver is primarily exposed to gut-d …

LARRPM restricts LUAD progression through repressing both LUAD cell and macrophages. These data shed new insights into the regulation of LUAD progression by lncRNAs and provide data on the potential utility of LARRPM as a target for LUAD treatment.

Due to the disability of A2AAR activation in the reduction of MMP8 expression in patients' macrophages and the correlation of MMP8 expression with BASFI index in patients, these results represent defects and dysregulations in the related signaling pathway in patients' macrophages.

In CHB patients, the liver fibrosis degree is associated with the M-CSF, CER, and TIMP-1 levels, and the combined clinical detection of these three markers has better diagnostic significance.

Sorafenib is an anti-tumor drug widely used in clinical treatment, which can inhibit tyrosine kinase receptor on cell surface and serine/threonine kinase in downstream Ras/MAPK cascade signaling pathway of cells. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation plays an important role in inflammatory mechanism, such …

Echovirus 11 (ECHO 11) is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. ECHO 11 infections can cause severe inflammatory illnesses in neonates, including severe acute hepatitis with coagulopathy. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is important for hos …

TLR9-/- in macrophages suppressed the inflammatory reaction as well as the exosome secretion and resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

Increased levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D) and lipid-laden foamy macrophages (FMs) are frequently found under oxidative stress conditions and/or in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are also chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). However, the roles and molecul …

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Vitoss is the most porous (90%) of a number of beta-tricalcium phosphate osteoconductive bone fillers. Its inherent limitations are those of the calcium phosphate class, being a purely osteoconductive product without inherent structural stability and with a moderate resorption rate. Currently, a num …

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been isolated for the first time by Friedenstein et al. and since then have been considered the progenitor cells for the skeletal tissues. Indeed BMSCs are clonogenic, fibroblastic in shape, and can differentiate along multiple lineages such as osteoblasts, cho …

The ability of bone marrow (BM) samples to generate confluent stromal layers in long-term BM cultures (LTBMC) was used as a surrogate assay to determine the in vivo toxic effects of different conditionings on stromal cells. Here, 32 patients receiving a fludarabine-based reduced intensity conditioni …

Bone Marrow-Derived Cellular Therapies in Orthopaedics: Part I: Recommendations for Bone Marrow Aspiration Technique and Safety

Bone Marrow-Derived Cellular Therapies in Orthopaedics: Part II: Recommendations for Reporting the Quality of Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Populations

Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves results in the loss of neural functions. Recovery by regeneration depends on the cellular and molecular events of Wallerian degeneration that injury induces distal to the lesion site, the domain through which severed axons regenerate back to their target tissues. Innate-immunity is central to Wallerian degeneration since innate-immune cells, functions and molecules that are produced by immune and non-immune cells are involved. The innate-immune response helps to turn the peripheral nerve tissue into an environment that supports regeneration by removing inhibitory myelin and by upregulating neurotrophic properties. The characteristics of an efficient innate-immune response are rapid onset and conclusion, and the orchestrated interplay between Schwann cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and molecules they produce. Wallerian degeneration serves as a prelude for successful repair when these requirements are met. In contrast, functional recovery is poor when injury fails to produce the efficient innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration.

β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist of mu opioid receptors, which can be found throughout ...