An electro-mechanical setup for the measurement of AC-forces in a low-temperature tunnelling microscope has been developed, which enables extremely high force resolution. The crosstalk of...

For the first time scientists measure the quantum phenomenon on the atomic scale – each electron-escape happened mind-bogglingly fast

We propose and analyze the theory of the tunnelling relay, a nanoscale active device in which tunnelling current is modulated by electromechanical actuation of a suspended membrane above a fixed el...

Nature - Tunnelling-induced Injection in

This document describes how to configure the Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client via the Cisco Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM) on a Cisco

A VPN is a private network that uses a public network to connect two or more remote sites. Instead of using dedicated connections between networks, VPNs use virtual connections routed (tunneled) through public networks. IPsec VPN is a protocol, consists of set of standards used to establish a VPN connection.

GlobalProtect™ now supports split tunneling based on destination domain, application process name, and video streaming application.

You can configure forced tunneling to route Internet-bound traffic to an additional firewall or network virtual appliance for further processing.

Here's how I visualise Quantum Tunnelling (or Quantum Tunneling if you're American). Hey everyone! I'm back after a lengthy hiatus! I had a dodgy computer that meant that I couldn't really create or upload anything, but I'm back up and running now! In this video I wanted to talk to you about Quantum Tunnelling - a phenomenon that is another one of those "wtf quantum mechanics" ideas. The easiest way to learn about this phenomenon (in my opinion_ is to consider the behaviour of an electron when it encounters a potential barrier. If we use classical physics to analyse the behaviour of this electron, we see that if the electron has less energy than the peak of the barrier, then it cannot "overcome" the barrier. However if it has more energy than the peak of the barrier, then it can get to the other side. A nice analogy is to imagine a ball trying to roll up a hill - we need to provide it with enough energy for it to get to the top of the hill and roll over to the other side. However, this analogy has limitations which is why I don't like to use it too often. So that is how an electron should behave when it encounters a potential barrier under the rules of classical physics. However, we like to do things in a much more quantum manner on this channel. As it turns out, when analysing our system with quantum mechanics, we need to consider the wave function of the electron. This is essentially linked to the probability distribution of the electron - it gives us information about how likely we are to find the electron in certain locations in space. However the wave function is known as a wave function for a reason - it behaves like a wave! When we solve the Schrodinger equation (the grand equation of quantum mechanics) for a system consisting of an electron encountering a potential barrier that looks like a step, and the electron has less energy than the top of the step barrier, then we find that the wave function of the electron is actually non-zero on the other side of the barrier! This means that despite not having "enough energy" (at least according to classical physics), our electron can still be found on the other side of the potential barrier! Within the potential barrier itself, the wave function displays some interesting behaviour - it looks like an exponentially decaying evanescent wave. Evanescent waves are actually very classical, we've known for ages that electromagnetic waves (for example) can display evanescent behaviour. However, the reason our study is quantum, is because objects we originally believed to be particles (i.e. electrons) can actually behave like waves through their wave functions! Quantum tunnelling has a few useful applications - it is how we explain a large chunk of radioactivity, for example. The principle of quantum tunnelling is also very important in building a Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (something which I described in detail in a video on Higgsino Physics' channel - go check it out). With all that being said, it's great to be back! If you want to follow what I get up to on a more day-to-day basis, follow me on Instagram @parthvlogs

Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as ultrathin films in many applications. We studied the nanoscale arrangement within the first layer of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C1C1Im] [Tf2N]) on Au(111) between 400 and 110 K in ultrahigh vacuum by scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy with molecular resolution. Compared to earlier studies on similar ILs, a different behavior is observed, which we attribute to the small size and symmetrical shape of the cation: (a) In both AFM and STM only the anions are imaged; (b) only long-range-ordered but no amorphous phases are observed; (c) the hexagonal room-temperature phase melts 30–50 K above the IL’s bulk melting point; (d) at 110 K, striped and hexagonal superstructures with two and three ion pairs per unit cell, respectively, are found. AFM turned out to be more stable at higher temperature, while STM revealed more details at low temperature.

This paper presents the theoretical investigation on the damage of the submerged floating tunnel (SFT) under extreme loads. Water was modeled by smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Anchor cables, SFT, and submarine were modeled by the finite element method (FEM). Penetrating phenomenon in the calculation process was achieved by the penalty function, and the fluid-solid coupling effect was also considered in the simulation. The process of a submarine striking on the SFT was studied based on the commercial software. The relationships between the energy of the water, submarine, and SFT were studied. The structural and human damages were evaluated using the kinematics and kinetic parameters of the SFT according to the relevant criterion. The results indicate that the SPH-FEM coupling method is suitable to investigate the impact of the SFT in the water. The initial kinetic energy of the submarine is mainly converted into kinetic energy of the water and internal energy of the tunnel. The kinematic parameters at the impact point reach a peak value. The kinematic parameters at the anchor cables reach the minimum value, so the anchor cables can inhibit the development of disaster significantly. The SPH-FEM coupling method can be helpful for collision and explosion analysis of the SFT.

Cisco Meraki Client VPN establishes full-tunnel connections by default. A full-tunnel connection will direct all client traffic through the VPN to the configured MX concentrator which will be subject …

With it's expertise in tunnel segment gaskets SEALABLE creates individual sealing solutions made of high-quality rubber compounds with a service life of up to 120 years.

Research in new quantum materials require multi-mode measurements spanning length scales, correlations of atomic scale variables with macroscopic function, and

Since the introduction of the Nobel Prize-winning scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and then the invention of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) from the

Tunnel Management

Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are dynamic connections between cells, which represent a novel route for cell-to-cell communication. A growing body of evidence points TNT towards a role for intercellular exchanges of signals, molecules, organelles, and pathogens, involving them in a diverse array of functions. TNT form among several cell types, including neuronal cells, epithelial cells, and almost all immune cells. In myeloid cells (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts), intercellular communication via TNT contributes to their differentiation and immune functions. Importantly, TNT enable myeloid cells to communicate with a targeted neighboring or distant cell, as well as with other cell types, therefore creating a complex variety of cellular exchanges. TNT also contribute to pathogen spread as they serve as “corridors” from a cell to another. Herein, we addressed the complexity of the definition and in vitro characterization of TNT in innate immune cells, the different processes involved in their formation, and their relevance in vivo. We also assess our current understanding of how TNT participate in immune surveillance and the spread of pathogens, with a particular interest for HIV-1. Overall, despite recent progress in this growing research field, we highlight that further investigation is needed to better unveil the role of TNT in both physiological and pathological conditions.

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) is a virtual point to point link that encapsulates data traffic in a tunnel . The below topics discusses the tunneling of GRE, encapsulation and de-capsulation process, configuring GREs and verifying the working of GREs.

Nature Physics - An interferometric measurement based on high-harmonic generation now provides direct access to the electron wavefunction during field-induced tunnelling.

Interface-engineered electron or hole tunneling controls tunneling electroresistance in ferroelectric tunnel junctions.

We compared the force of extraction for peripheral nerve catheters under three different situations in a porcine model using untunnelled, tunnelled and double-tunnelled catheters. Following insertion...