Field Trip Psychedelics Inc. announced Tuesday the successful synthesis of FT-104, a novel compound that is believed to have psych...

The idea of a goal-directed arousal system in the brain implies the existence of some mechanism for selecting appropriate goals, for initiating the behaviours required to achieve them, and for signaling when they have been attained. If a goal proves favourable for survival in the prevailing circumstances, it is advantageous to reinforce behaviour leading to it; if the goal proves to be unfavourable, behaviour leading to it must be suppressed and avoidance action taken in future. Such a signalling system may be provided by certain ‘reward’ and ‘punishment’ pathways in the brain. These are closely integrated with arousal systems and with learning and memory, and appear to be fundamental for motivation, and for goal-seeking and avoidance behaviour.

How has Field Trip "unveiled" a novel compound? They haven't told us what it is. Also, what does it mean that they *believe* that is has...

We spoke to co-founder and executive chairman, Ronan Levy, to find out more about Field Trip’s approach to psychedelic therapy and why 2021 has been such a significant year in psychedelics.

Researchers have conducted a meta-analysis of 17 articles to find out which areas of the brain are involved in decision-making for rendering social punishment.

Researchers have conducted a meta-analysis of 17 articles to find out which areas of the brain are involved in decision-making for rendering social punishment.

Abstract. Incentives are primary determinants of if and how well an organism will perform a given behavior. Here, we examined how incentive valence and magnitud

Multiple 5-HT systems and multiple punishment processes - Volume 9 Issue 2

Reward and punishment have demonstrated dissociable effects on motor learning and memory, which suggests that these reinforcers are differently processed by the brain. To test this possibility, we use electroencephalography to record cortical neural activity after the presentation of reward and punishment feedback during a visuomotor rotation task. Participants were randomly placed into Reward, Punishment, or Control groups and performed the task under different conditions to assess the adaptation (learning) and retention (memory) of the motor task. These conditions featured an incongruent position between the cursor and the target, with the cursor trajectory, rotated 30° counterclockwise, requiring the participant to adapt their movement to hit the target. Feedback based on error magnitude was provided during the Adaptation condition in the form of a positive number (Reward) or negative number (Punishment), each representing a monetary gain or loss, respectively. No reinforcement or visual feedback was provided during the No Vision condition (retention). Performance error and event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to feedback presentation were calculated for each participant during both conditions. Punishment feedback reduced performance error and promoted faster learning during the Adaptation condition. In contrast, punishment feedback increased performance error during the No Vision condition compared to Control and Reward groups, which suggests a diminished motor ...

The stronger the connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporal-parietal junction, the less likely people are to punish others for selfish deeds.

As rewards and punishments powerfully drive behavior, understanding whether motivational processes act via opponent versus common neural mechanisms is critical for understanding influences on brain a...

Scientific Reports - Brain responses to social punishment: a meta-analysis

intra-cranial self-stimulation

Will superintelligent posthumans be animated by gradients of bliss?

How biotechnology will abolish suffering in all sentient life

What's the best way to abolish mental pain?

An Experience with Phenibut. 'A Nootropic, Stimulant, and Depressant' by The Errant Boatman

All in One Bookmark Manager. For your inspiration, read later, media and stuff.

Abstract. Recently, we created a family of engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer dr

An Experience with Phenibut. 'A Nootropic, Stimulant, and Depressant' by The Errant Boatman

Imagine mastering instruments, learning to tango and becoming fluent in French — in months, weeks, even days. No, it's not science fiction: A new program by the government's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency aims to tweak your nervous system…