Well-characterized risks are associated with valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and lithium. The risks associated with psychotropic drug use need to be understood in the context of significant rates of relapse and associated morbidity when discontinuing bipolar treatment during pregnancy.

Women who discover they are pregnant after exposure to a drug and pregnant women who have a condition that requires continued treatment during pregnancy are told to balance the benefits and risks of the exposure to justify continuation of treatment, discontinuation of treatment or, possibly, pregnan …

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of epileptic seizures as an adverse effect of antibiotic therapy. The most commonl…

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In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of epileptic seizures as an adverse effect of antibiotic therapy. The most commonl…

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of epileptic seizures as an adverse effect of antibiotic therapy. The most commonl…

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of epileptic seizures as an adverse effect of antibiotic therapy. The most commonl…

For patients suffering from sudden illnesses such as myocardial infarction and severe hypoglycemia, prompt administration of emergency medications is imperative, otherwise they may be at great risk of ...

Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that the ability of Hering’s nerve stimulation (HNS) to blunt seizure activity is dependent on the availability of dopamine in the amygdala. Methods: In 10 rats, Hering’s nerve (HN) on the right side was isolated and placed on an electrode and penicillin was locally placed on each rat’s left frontoparietal

Objective: To investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) in a penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats. Methods: This experimental study included 56 adult male Wistar rats. Experiments were performed in the Research Laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Medical School, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey, between October 2013 and December 2014. Animals were divided into the following 7 groups: sham, control, only thymoquinone, vehicle (Dimethylsulfoxide), and doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of TQ. After rats were anesthetized, the left part of the skull was removed. A pair of silver/silver chloride electrodes was placed on the somatomotor area, and electrocorticographic recording was started. After 5 minutes basal activity was recorded, and TQ was applied intraperitoneally. At the thirtieth minute after TQ, epileptiform activity was induced by intracortical penicillin. The first spike latency, spike frequency, and the amplitude of epileptiform activity were analyzed statistically. Results: The different doses of TQ significantly increased the latency time to onset of first spike wave, and decreased the frequency, and amplitude of epileptiform activity in the first 20 minutes compared with the control group. Conclusion: Thymoquinone shows potential as an antiepileptic drug resulting from its effects of prolonged latency time, and reduced spike wave frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity.

These results highlight the importance of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in infantile spasms and provide evidence for new-targeted therapies such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition or microbiota manipulation to promote kynurenic acid production as a strategy to reduce spasms in infantile spasms.