Type 1 diabetes may occur at any age, in young individuals before or after adolescence, during middle age life, or even in the elderly. When diagnosed in adults it is characterized by the presence of islet cell-related autoantibodies (ICA), in particular GAD and IA2 (less common) and very rarely ins …

We have evaluated the antibody and the effector T-cell responses to a single cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion of myelin basic protein (MBP) in Lewis rats by measuring serum anti-MBP antibodies and clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), respectively. Some rats developed …

MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice spontaneously develop a lupus-like autoimmune disorder characterized by massive proliferation of T cells and rapidly fatal immune complex glomerulonephritis. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of 5-azacytidine (5AC), a cytidine analogue known as an inhibitor of DNA methylation, …

Many autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions that progress over the course of years, and are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that precede the overt disease by months or years. As examples, the presence of two islet cell antibodies (ICA) are associated with a 50% risk of developing …

Cannabidinoids are components of the Cannabis sativa (marijuana) plant that have been shown capable of suppressing inflammation and various aspects of cell-mediated immunity. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabidinoid has been previously shown by us to suppress cell-mediated autoimmune join …

To evaluate effects of commonly used progestational estrogenic contraceptive steroids in a hormone-responsive model of lupus, we treated female NZB/W mice before clinical disease (6 wks of age) and after onset of lupus (24 wks of age) with doses of hormones titered to suppress reproduction. We repor …

According to the current model, naive B cell activation is dependent on the sequential integration of two signals: B cell receptor (BCR) cross-linking by antigen, followed by cognate interaction with helper T cells through an immunological synapse. Using an improved method to purify human naive B ce …

Autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is associated with development of inflammation around the islets at around 4-5 weeks of age, which may be prolonged until frank diabetes begins to occur around 12 weeks of age. Although many interventions can halt disease progression if admin …

The 1995 SIMD Presidential Address is put in perspective.

FasL plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing hFasL may strongly inhibit lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid of EAT and ameliorate the course of this disease.

The immune system normally protects the human host against death by infection. However, when an immune response is mistakenly directed at self-antigens, autoimmune disease can occur. We describe a model of protein evolution to simulate the dynamics of the adaptive immune response to antigens. Comput …

Dietary modification has shown its greatest beneficial effect when started prior to or immediately after the onset of disease. Also, understanding how the subtypes or isoforms of nutrients function is important since their physiological effects may be drastically different. It is important to unders …

The effect of oral administration of THI, a compound present in ammonia caramel food colouring, was studied in spontaneous and induced murine diabetes mellitus. Continuous administration of THI at 400 ppm in drinking water reduced the prevalence of spontaneous diabetes in female NOD/Lt mice from 63% …

Autoimmune polyendocrine disorders are characterized by the presence of more than one autoimmune endocrine disease. Study of such disorders has provided unique insight into the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and the development of tolerance in the normal individual. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes …

This chapter addresses the psychological effects of social stigma. Stigma directly affects the stigmatized via mechanisms of discrimination, expectancy confirmation, and automatic stereotype activation, and indirectly via threats to personal and social identity. We review and organize recent theory …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory condition of the central nervous system with similarities to multiple sclerosis. In both diseases, circulating leukocytes penetrate the blood-brain barrier and damage myelin, resulting in impaired nerve conduction and paralysis. We s …

Both the type I (IFN-alpha beta) and type II (IFN-gamma) IFNs have been heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. To test the relative roles of these systems, congenic lupus-prone MRL/CD95(lpr/lpr) (MRL/lpr) mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (IFN-RI), type II IFN rec …

Immunization with heat-shock protein (HSP) gp96 elicits protective immunity to the cancer or virus-infected cells from which it is derived. Low doses of gp96 generate immunity, while doses 10 times the immunizing dose do not. We show here that injection of high doses of gp96 generates CD4(+) T cells …

Lewis rats immunized with T cell receptor (TCR) variable region peptide V beta 8 in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with myelin basic protein in CFA, although variable protection was also observed in rats injected with c …

A new immunosuppressive compound, FK-506, is a macrolide produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis. It is reported that FK-506 prolongs the viability of allogenic grafts of the heart and kidney in vivo and inhibits the development of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, immunosuppressive therapy of myocard …