Acetyl-L-Carnitine Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Structural Damage on Endothelial Cells via ILK-Related MMP-9 Activity - PubMed
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant highly used worldwide. Recent studies evidenced the involvement of METH in the breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity leading to compromised function. The involvement of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the degradation of the ne …
Optimal delivery of minocycline to the brain: implication for human studies of acute neuroprotection - PubMed
Minocycline is currently under development as a neuroprotective agent in many different brain diseases. In more than a dozen experimental investigations in various models of brain injury, high doses of minocycline have been administered intraperitoneally. This report details new concerns with this r …
Protective effects of interferon-gamma against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity - PubMed
Repeated injections of methamphetamine (METH) cause degeneration of striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals. In the present study, we examined the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on METH-induced striatal neurotoxicity in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of IFN-gamma before METH injection signif …
Inhibition of ROCK2 expression protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells - PubMed
Methamphetamine is a type of psychoactive drug. It is well known that neurotoxicity caused by Methamphetamine(METH) can damage the nervous system and lead to apoptosis and cell loss of dopaminergic neurons. ROCK2 is a prominent target for gene therapy because its inhibition has proved to have a prot …
Cognitive function and nigrostriatal markers in abstinent methamphetamine abusers - PubMed
Failure to find more substantial changes in transporter levels and neurocognitive function may be attributed to the length of time that MA users were abstinent (ranging from 3 months to more than 10 years, mean 3 years), although there were no correlations with length of abstinence. Persistent VMAT2 …
Methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis involves the activation of multiple death pathways. Review - PubMed
The abuse of the illicit drug methamphetamine (METH) is a major concern because it can cause terminal degeneration and neuronal cell death in the brain. METH-induced cell death occurs via processes that resemble apoptosis. In the present review, we discuss the role of various apoptotic events in the …
Prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed bioactivation of amphetamines to free radical intermediates that cause CNS regional DNA oxidation and nerve terminal degeneration - PubMed
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in amphetamine-initiated neurodegeneration, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that amphetamines are bioactivated by CNS prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) to free radical intermediates that cause ROS formation and neurodegenerative oxidative DNA dam …
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent inducer of dopamine (DA) release, and is toxic to DA neurons. It has been reported that the formation of free radicals is an early signaling event that mediates cell death caused by METH. Currently, studies suggest that the generation of free radicals by oxidative …
Melatonin protects SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells from amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity - PubMed
Several hypotheses regarding the mechanism underlying amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity have been proposed. One of them is based on the observation of free radical formation and oxidative stress produced by auto-oxidation of dopamine (DA). The formation of DA-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) su …
Human immunodeficiency virus infection heightens concurrent risk of functional dependence in persons with long-term methamphetamine use - PubMed
HIV infection confers an increased concurrent risk of MA-associated disability, particularly among HIV-infected persons without histories of immune compromise. Directed referrals, earlier HIV treatment, and compensatory strategies aimed at counteracting the effects of low cognitive reserve, neurocog …
HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocyte glutamate regulation: combined excitotoxic implications for neuro-AIDS - PubMed
Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the brain can lead to neurotoxicity when not properly regulated. Excitotoxicity is a direct result of abnormal regulation of glutamate concentrations in the synapse, and is a common neurotoxic mediator associated with neurodegenerative disorders …
Environmental conditions modulate neurotoxic effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs of abuse - PubMed
Psychomotor stimulants such as methamphetamine (METH), amphetamine, and 3,4-metylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) are potent addictive drugs. While it is known that their abuse could result in adverse health complications, including neurotoxicity, both the environmental conditions and activ …
Methamphetamine potentiates HIV-1 Tat protein-mediated activation of redox-sensitive pathways in discrete regions of the brain - PubMed
Tat is a major regulatory protein encoded by human immunodeficiency viral genome, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, including neurologic complications associated with this disease. In addition, drug abuse has been identified as a major risk factor of HIV infection. We h …
An increasing number of reports in the literature indicate that endogenously produced inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS),particularly asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), regulate nitric oxide generation in disease states. This article describes the biology of ADMA and the implications for car …
ER stress and the unfolded protein response - PubMed
Conformational diseases are caused by mutations altering the folding pathway or final conformation of a protein. Many conformational diseases are caused by mutations in secretory proteins and reach from metabolic diseases, e.g. diabetes, to developmental and neurological diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's d …
Prior stimulation of the endocannabinoid system prevents methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum through activation of CB2 receptors - PubMed
Methamphetamine toxicity is associated with cell death and loss of dopamine neuron terminals in the striatum similar to what is found in some neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been suggested to be neuroprotective in the brain, and new pharmacological tools …
Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology - PubMed
Methamphetamine (METH) is a sympathomimetic amine that belongs to phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs, which are widely abused for their stimulant, euphoric, empathogenic, and hallucinogenic properties. Many of these effects result from acute increases in dopamine and serotoni …
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