Activation of the Cooh-Terminal Src Kinase (Csk) by Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibits Signaling through the T Cell Receptor
In T cells, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) type I colocalizes with the T cell receptor–CD3 complex (TCR/CD3) and inhibits T cell function via a previously unknown proximal target. Here we examine the mechanism for this PKA-mediated immunomodulation. ...
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Step-by-step protocol (bio-protocol.org) [HTML version] (02-05-14). Current Protocols in Neuroscience (2014) [draft] (11-26-13). [published ver.] new SeeDB Kit is now commercialized from Wako Laboratory Chemicals SeeDB from Wako (Japanese) Clearing schedule
Canaan Valley Public Service District (PSD) is located in the mountains of West Virginia. The PSD provides sewer service for a ski resort and the surrounding
Analysis of two cDNA clones encoding the B lymphocyte antigen CD20 (B1, Bp35), a type III integral membrane protein - PubMed
Two cDNA clones encoding the pan-B cell CD20 antigen were isolated from a COS cell expression library. The two clones bear identical coding sequences and differ only in the length of the 3' untranslated region. The predicted CD20 sequence is 297 residues long and contains three hydrophobic domains, …
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Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process in the body. Cells that become damaged may need to commit suicide in order to avoid causing harm to other cells.
A plasma membrane H+-ATPase is required for the formation of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat endothelium of Arabidopsis thaliana - NASA/ADS
The plasma membrane in plant cells is energized with an electrical potential and proton gradient generated through the action of H+ pumps belonging to the P-type ATPase superfamily. The Arabidopsis genome encodes 11 plasma membrane H+ pumps. Auto-inhibited H+-ATPase isoform 10 (AHA10) is expressed primarily in developing seeds. Here we show that four independent gene disruptions of AHA10 result in seed coats with a transparent testa (tt) phenotype (light-colored seeds). A quantitative analysis of extractable flavonoids in aha10 seeds revealed an ≈100-fold reduction of proanthocyanidin (PA), one of the two major end-product pigments in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. In wild-type seed coat endothelial cells, PA accumulates in a large central vacuole. In aha10 mutants, the formation of this vacuole is impaired, as indicated by the predominance of multiple small vacuoles observed by fluorescence microscopy using a vacuole-specific dye, 5-(and -6)-carboxy 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. A similar vacuolar defect was also observed for another tt mutant, tt12, a proton-coupled multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter potentially involved in loading provacuoles with a flavonoid intermediate required for PA production. The endothelial cells in aha10 mutants are otherwise healthy, as indicated by the lack of a significant decrease in (i) the accumulation of other flavonoid pathway end products, such as anthocyanins, and (ii) mRNA levels for two endothelium-specific transcripts (TT12 and BAN). Thus, the specific effect of aha10 on vacuolar and PA biogenesis provides genetic evidence to support an unexpected endomembrane function for a member of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase family.