Antioxidant rhTrx-1 effectively prevents T1D which may be attributed to its activity to modulate autoimmunity.

Two longitudinal field experiments in a middle school examined how a brief "values affirmation" affects students' psychological experience and the relationship between psychological experience and environmental threat over 2 years. Together these studies suggest that values affirmations insulate ind …

Cyclosporin and other immunosuppressive agents have been proposed as a preventive treatment against the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in relatives at increased risk for the disease, based on the understanding that its etiology is an ongoing process of autoimmune beta-cell …

(R)- or (S)-2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) is used as a poultry nutritional supplement and to treat renal failure disease. Herein, we report an artificially designed biocatalytic cascade process, which uses l-methionine to synthesize (R)- or (S)-HMTBA. This biocatalysis cascade comprises a basic module and two different extender modules and operates in a modular assembly manner. The basic module responsible for the transformation of l-methionine to α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyric acid (KMTB) is comprised of the l-amino acid deaminase. Two different extender modules responsible for the transformation of KMTB to (R)- or (S)-HMTBA are comprised of the R/S-specific lactate dehydrogenase in combination with the formate dehydrogenase, respectively. Engineered Escherichia coli catalysts, one containing the basic module, the other containing the one of two different extender modules, produced 97.6 g L−1 (R)-HMTBA and 96.4 g L−1 (S)-HMTBA with a yield of 96.9% and 95.8% at the large scale (1 L) using a two-stage strategy in one pot, respectively. Therefore, this biocatalytic process lays the foundation for the industrial-scale conversion of low-cost l-amino acids to corresponding high-value enantiopure chiral 2-hydroxy acids.

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00179478.

Serial human AD-MSC transplantation had beneficial effects in the treatment of SLE, without adverse effects. Transplantation of human AD-MSCs before disease onset was preferable for amelioration of SLE and restoration of immune homeostasis.

Knowledge of immunity enables us to predict that the reactions set in response to infection with helminth would prevent concomitant disease driven by an opposing spectrum of immune events. In another way, the immune response generated to combat the helminth infection could counteract the immunopatho …

Cell death mediated through the intrinsic, Bcl-2-regulated mitochondrial apoptosis signalling pathway is critical for lymphocyte development and the establishment of central and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Defects in Bcl-2-regulated cell death signalling have been reported to cause or corre …

The prevention of RA in at-risk populations is feasible; however, this will necessitate novel efforts to identify patients very early in disease development to examine the effectiveness and cost of preventive interventions.

Prevention of disease can in principle be accomplished by identification of environmental and/or lifestyle risk and protective factors followed by public health measures (such as for smoking and lung cancer), or by modification of the individual's reactions to disease-inducing factors (such as in va …

Bacterial infection is known to trigger a number of autoimmune disorders, an observation that indicates a potentially important role for antibiotics in treating these diseases. Indeed, results from an experimental model of autoimmune arthritis in mice suggest that antibiotics can prevent the onset o …

According to the 'hygiene hypothesis', the decreasing incidence of infections in western countries and more recently in developing countries is at the origin of the increasing incidence of both autoimmune and allergic diseases. The hygiene hypothesis is based upon epidemiological data, particularly …

Three studies investigated whether self-affirmation can proceed without awareness, whether people are aware of the influence of experimental self-affirmations, and whether such awareness facilitates or undermines the self-affirmation process. The authors found that self-affirmation effects could pro …

Autoimmune diseases are increasing worldwide, and associated morbidity, mortality, and health care costs are high. Biological therapies, however, have brought physicians an extraordinary opportunity to change natural disease history, although these therapies can also have high associated iatrogenic …

This collective review focuses on three major factors that influence the incidences of multiple sclerosis (MS) to include ultraviolet radiation (UVR), vitamin D3 supplementation, and vitamin D receptor gene (VDRG) polymorphisms. In general, the rate of MS increases with latitude. Individuals tend to …

Antigen expression in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes may depend on the functional state of beta cells. At birth, beta cells are immature, produce only a basal amount of insulin, and are unresponsive to glucose--but are sensitive to glucagon and arginine. beta cells of spontaneously diabetic BB …

The current investigation was designed to examine whether androgen administration might suppress autoimmune disease in lacrimal glands of a mouse model (NZB/NZW F1) of Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmune, female mice were treated with vehicle or varying concentrations of testosterone for 0, 17, 34, or 51 …

There are currently over 100 human diseases that are considered to be autoimmune or chronic inflammatory affecting 5-10% of the world population and spanning through all medical specialties. As a result, health care costs are enormous and the clinical management is often challenging, particularly co …

Recent evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess immunosuppressive properties both in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated the functional abnormality of bone marrow derived MSC in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we aimed to investigate whe …