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A mix of different reasons.

(Social) Media propaganda for decades now.

Economy . we are proud of our industry and we conveniently look away as long as we got cheap Russian raw materials to support that industry. Self-induced ignorance.

East Germany being indoctrinated for four decades with Soviet propaganda.

Harsh economic issues after reunification which are still far from being solved.

A history of shying away from military solutions, because, you know, stuff happened in the past. The military and military spending were always looked on negatively by a large portion of society (often by the left wing, due to historical reasons) and lead to a bite-reflex the moment anyone dares to suggest that Russia could not be friendly or that we need more money to support the armed forces.

Anti-Americanism, because it is cool to run around with a t-shirt with a red star on it.

A long history of labour movements and its interaction with social parties (the SPD is the oldest party in Germany), the communist movement and the glorification of the Russian Revolution against "the capital" and authoritarian governments ... without realizing the bitter irony of todays Russia.

A cultural romanticization of our relationship with the Soviet Union and Russia, dating back into the 19th century.

"Complex situation require complex explanation and complex solutions". The combination of COVID, mass migration, Ukraine War, environmental risk realization, economic woes, poverty growth, rising international tensions, winning right wing movements all over the world and multiple other issues is perhaps one of the most complex situation any government in Europe ever faced ... and even with a highly competent government it would be very hard to bring people away from "easy explanation, easy solution" which is so often promised, but never delivered, from populistic movements. And this government is not very competent, especially at communicating.

And of course: between being "pro-Russia" and "against weapon delivery / for target restrictions" is still a fine line.