Psychostimulants like Adderall and Ritalin are widely used for cognitive enhancement by people without ADHD although the empirical literature has shown litt

httpsfasebonlinelibrarywileycomdoiabs101096fasebj1391065

httpspubsacsorgdoi101021acschemneuro8b00137

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httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoiabs101096fasebj1391065

Prescription stimulant medications are considered a safe and longterm effective treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD Studies support that stimulants enhance attention memory selfregulation and executive function in individuals with ADHD Recent research however has found that many college students without ADHD report misusing prescription stimulants primarily to enhance their cognitive abilities This practice raises the question whether stimulants actually enhance cognitive functioning in college students without ADHD We investigated the effects of mixedsalts amphetamine ie Adderall 30 mg on cognitive autonomic and emotional functioning in a pilot sample of healthy college students without ADHD n 13 using a doubleblind placebocontrolled withinsubjects design The present study was the first to explore cognitive effects in conjunction with mood autonomic effects and selfperceptions of cognitive enhancement Results revealed that Adderall had minimal but mixed effects on cognitive processes relevant to neurocognitive enhancement small effects and substantial effects on autonomic responses subjective drug experiences and positive states of activated emotion large effects Overall the present findings indicate dissociation between the effects of Adderall on activation and neurocognition and more importantly contrary to common belief Adderall had little impact on neurocognitive performance in healthy college students Given the pilot design of the study and small sample size these findings should be interpreted cautiously The results have implications for future studies and the education of healthy college students and adults who commonly use Adderall to enhance neurocognition

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httpwwwtandfonlinecomdoifull10310910826080902858334

httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxdoi1010012Farchpsyc588775

httpwwwliebertpubcomdoi101089cap200010311

Effectiveness and Tolerability of Tomoxetine in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder American Journal of Psychiatry

httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002brb378

An extrapyramidal choreiform syndrome caused by amphetamine addiction Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry

Amphetamine Speed methamphetamine Ice and its congener 34methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA Ecstasy are illicit drugs abused worldwide for their euphoric and stimulant effects Despite compelling evidence for chronic MDMA neurotoxicity in animal models the physiological consequences of such toxicity in humans remain unclear In addition distinct differences in the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of MDMA between species and different strains of animals prevent the rationalisation of realistic human dose paradigms in animal studies Here we attempt to review amphetamine toxicity and in particular MDMA toxicity in the pathogenesis of exemplary human pathologies independently of confounding environmental factors such as polydrug use and drug purity

httpannalsorgarticleaspxdoi1073262F00034819744605

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Amphetamines represent a class of psychotropic compounds widely abused for their stimulant euphoric anorectic and in some cases emphathogenic entact

httpwwwhindawicomjournalscric20162343691

Amphetamine AMPH and methamphetamine METH are widely abused psychostimulants which produce a variety of psychomotor autonomic and neurotoxic effects T

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Psychostimulants like Adderall and Ritalin are widely used for cognitive enhancement by people without ADHD although the empirical literature has shown litt

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Mixed Amphetamine Salts ExtendedRelease in the Treatment of Adult ADHD A Randomized Controlled Trial Volume 11 Issue 8