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Chronic use of amphetamines andor opiates has been associated with a wide range of cognitive deficits involving domains of attention inhibitory control

Amphetamine AMPH and methamphetamine METH are widely abused psychostimulants which produce a variety of psychomotor autonomic and neurotoxic effects T

Psychostimulants like Adderall and Ritalin are widely used for cognitive enhancement by people without ADHD although the empirical literature has shown litt

httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002brb378

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httpwwwliebertpubcomdoi101089cap200010311

Prescription stimulant medications are considered a safe and longterm effective treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD Studies support that stimulants enhance attention memory selfregulation and executive function in individuals with ADHD Recent research however has found that many college students without ADHD report misusing prescription stimulants primarily to enhance their cognitive abilities This practice raises the question whether stimulants actually enhance cognitive functioning in college students without ADHD We investigated the effects of mixedsalts amphetamine ie Adderall 30 mg on cognitive autonomic and emotional functioning in a pilot sample of healthy college students without ADHD n 13 using a doubleblind placebocontrolled withinsubjects design The present study was the first to explore cognitive effects in conjunction with mood autonomic effects and selfperceptions of cognitive enhancement Results revealed that Adderall had minimal but mixed effects on cognitive processes relevant to neurocognitive enhancement small effects and substantial effects on autonomic responses subjective drug experiences and positive states of activated emotion large effects Overall the present findings indicate dissociation between the effects of Adderall on activation and neurocognition and more importantly contrary to common belief Adderall had little impact on neurocognitive performance in healthy college students Given the pilot design of the study and small sample size these findings should be interpreted cautiously The results have implications for future studies and the education of healthy college students and adults who commonly use Adderall to enhance neurocognition

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Mixed Amphetamine Salts ExtendedRelease in the Treatment of Adult ADHD A Randomized Controlled Trial Volume 11 Issue 8

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Managing amphetamine dependence Volume 6 Issue 1

LongTerm Cardiovascular Effects of Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release in Adults With ADHD Volume 10 Issue S20

httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoi101111j15564029200800949x

httpsdoiwileycom10100214651858CD003021pub2

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httparchpsycjamanetworkcomarticleaspxdoi1010012Farchpsyc588775

httpsacademicoupcomijnparticlelookupdoi101017S1461145702002845

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Effectiveness and Tolerability of Tomoxetine in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder American Journal of Psychiatry

httpspubsacsorgdoi101021acschemneuro8b00137

An extrapyramidal choreiform syndrome caused by amphetamine addiction Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry

httpsonlinelibrarywileycomdoiabs101096fasebj1391065

httpannalsorgarticleaspxdoi1073262F00034819744605

httpjournalssagepubcomdoi1011770269881113482532

httpsjournalslwwcom0000471420140200000016

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