Papers

La fortune dont jouit actuellement la catégorie de commun tient autant au discrédit dans lequel sont tombés le communisme et le socialisme qu’à la façon non idéale dont le droit social s’est institutionnalisé au xxe siècle. Dans ce contexte, la tentation de substituer le paradigme du commun au paradigme du social se fait jour, que ce soit au nom de la critique du « socialisme réel », ou au nom de la critique de « l’État social réel ». Cependant, à vouloir rompre trop vite avec les traditions du socialisme et du droit social, le risque est que la catégorie de commun demeure un simple slogan, qu’elle ne fasse que « répondre à des exigences pseudo-idéalistes visant à satisfaire des valeurs » (Karl Polanyi). Dans cette étude, on rappelle que la genèse du droit social, au tournant du xixe et du xxe siècle, en France et en Allemagne, s’est accompagnée d’une redécouverte des formes anciennes de propriété commune. On montre que l’on peut trouver des pistes chez les solidaristes, les durkheimiens et les « socialistes de la chaire » pour politiser la théorie contemporaine du commun, car ces auteurs ont déjà affronté le problème de l’articulation du social et du commun.

The contemporary art world is conservatively estimated to be a $65 billion USD market that employs millions of human artists, sellers, and collectors globally. Recent attention paid to AI-made art in prestigious galleries, museums, and popular media ...

Despite extensive research and public discourse on the effects of pornography on consumers, little attention has been given to the experiences of those filmed f...

Despite extensive research and public discourse on the effects of pornography on consumers, little attention has been given to the experiences of those filmed for its production. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 28 individuals filmed for ...

There is a robust statistical relation between ideology and research findings when researchers test a policy-relevant hypothesis.

Baked sediment, heat-shattered artefacts and introduced pyrite in a 400,000-year-old Palaeolithic occupation site in Suffolk, UK provide evidence of intentional fire-making, marking a pivotal moment in human development.

Heatwaves in a net zero World, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah, Palmer, Lucinda, King, Andrew, Ziehn, Tilo

Macroclimate growing conditions for luxury crops after stratospheric aerosol injection, Morrison, Ariel L, Barnes, Elizabeth A, Hurrell, James W, Hueholt, Daniel M

An ecosystem energetics approach, quantifying trophic energy flows across species, offers a unified framework for linking animal biodiversity loss to changes in ecosystem function and Earth system processes.

The personal carbon footprint of the richest people in society is grossly underestimated, both by the rich themselves and by those on middle and lower incomes, no matter which country they come from. At the same time, both the rich and the poor drastically overestimate the carbon footprint of the poorest people.

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications - Stress-testing the international poverty line and the official global poverty statistics

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications - Poverty-conflict nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping literature review

In recent decades there has been much debate over the ontological status of autism and other neurological ‘disorders’, diagnosed by behavioural indicators, and theorised primarily within the field ...

Our estimates of current vaccine coverage and forecasts to 2030 suggest that achieving IA2030 targets, such as halving zero-dose children compared with 2019 levels and reaching 90% global coverage for life-course vaccines DTP3, PCV3, and MCV2, will require accelerated progress. Substantial increases in coverage are necessary in many countries and territories, with those in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia facing the greatest challenges. Recent declines will need to be reversed to restore previous coverage levels in Latin America and the Caribbean, especially for DTP1, DTP3, and Pol3.

Coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccine hesitancy is a reflection of psychology that might also contribute to traffic safety. We tested whether COVID vaccination was associated with the risks of a traffic crash.

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications - The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis

pThe emInterdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies/em (IJPS) shares scholarship and creates connections for cultural transformation to build a world in which all relationships, institutions, policies and organizations are based on principles of partnership./p pView our a href="https://pubs.lib.umn.edu/index.php/ijps/readers"Global Readers/a./p pstrongA Partnership Between:/strong/p ul lia title="Center for Partnership Systems" href="http://centerforpartnership.org/"Center for Partnership Systems/a/li lia title="UMN School of Nursing" href="http://www.nursing.umn.edu/"UMN School of Nursing/a/li lia title="UMN Libraries" href="https://www.lib.umn.edu/"UMN Libraries/a/li /ul

npj Climate Action - Geopolitical conflict impedes climate change mitigation

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science - The futures of climate modeling

Rats successfully distinguished between two varieties of white wine, Riesling and Sauvignon Blanc, in a study led by researchers from the University of Trento, the University of Lincoln, the University ...

Constructing artificial intelligence that aligns with human values is a crucial challenge, with political values playing a distinctive role among various human value systems. In this study, we adapted the Political Compass Test and combined it with rigorous bootstrapping techniques to create a standardized method for testing political values in AI. This approach was applied to multiple versions of ChatGPT, utilizing a dataset of over 3000 tests to ensure robustness. Our findings reveal that while newer versions of ChatGPT consistently maintain values within the libertarian-left quadrant, there is a statistically significant rightward shift in political values over time, a phenomenon we term a ‘value shift’ in large language models. This shift is particularly noteworthy given the widespread use of LLMs and their potential influence on societal values. Importantly, our study controlled for factors such as user interaction and language, and the observed shifts were not directly linked to changes in training datasets. While this research provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of value alignment in AI, it also underscores limitations, including the challenge of isolating all external variables that may contribute to these shifts. These findings suggest a need for continuous monitoring of AI systems to ensure ethical value alignment, particularly as they increasingly integrate into human decision-making and knowledge systems.

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools has transformed numerous aspects of daily life, yet its impact on critical thinking remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between AI tool usage and critical thinking skills, focusing on cognitive offloading as a mediating factor. Utilising a mixed-method approach, we conducted surveys and in-depth interviews with 666 participants across diverse age groups and educational backgrounds. Quantitative data were analysed using ANOVA and correlation analysis, while qualitative insights were obtained through thematic analysis of interview transcripts. The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between frequent AI tool usage and critical thinking abilities, mediated by increased cognitive offloading. Younger participants exhibited higher dependence on AI tools and lower critical thinking scores compared to older participants. Furthermore, higher educational attainment was associated with better critical thinking skills, regardless of AI usage. These results highlight the potential cognitive costs of AI tool reliance, emphasising the need for educational strategies that promote critical engagement with AI technologies. This study contributes to the growing discourse on AI’s cognitive implications, offering practical recommendations for mitigating its adverse effects on critical thinking. The findings underscore the importance of fostering critical thinking in an AI-driven world, making this research essential reading for educators, policymakers, and technologists.

(January 2025) - We develop and implement a new method for identifying wasted subsidies and use it to provide systematic evidence of the misallocation of carbon offsets in the Clean Development Mechanism—the world's largest carbon offset program. Using newly constructed data on the locations and characteristics of over 1,000 wind farms in India, we estimate that at least 52 percent of approved carbon offsets were allocated to projects that would very likely have been built anyway. We estimate that the sale of these offsets to regulated polluters resulted in substantially higher global carbon dioxide emissions.

Avec un matériau empirique très riche recueilli dans la Silicon Valley (sept ans d’enquête, d’observations et de collecte des données) et dans un langage très accessible, Olivier Alexandre, sociolo...

Johan Galtung, Violence, Peace, and Peace Research, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 6, No. 3 (1969), pp. 167-191