Academia

A great study of the historical record of retrenchment to realign resources and commitments

The First World War played a central role in the creation within the United States of an Atlanticist foreign policy elite or establishment, a group of influential Americans drawn primarily from upper class lawyers, bankers, academics, and politicians

In the first half of the 5th millennium BC, circular ditched enclosures with internal wooden structures and outer banks, which we refer to as rondels, appear in Central Europe. Ditches and internal circular wooden structures are usually interrupted

Editor (with Spencer Tucker), author of 33 short articles, sole compiler/editor, Vol. 5 (Documents Volume). Named Booklist, Editors’ Choice: Reference Sources, 2014. The version here is two files: Vols. 1-2, and Vols. 3-5. Offering exhaustive

Two rival conceptions for international organization circulated in America during World War I. The first and initially more popular was a "legalist-sanctionist" league, intended to develop international legal code and obligate and enforce

: The reunification of Germany has raised renewed concerns regarding German national identity and national security. Germany has been a pivotal point for some of the most momentous historical events in Europe for over a century. The reunification of

The impact of the Achaemenid Empire on its territories, and the nature of that empire, has and continues to be investigated primarily through the lenses of politico-financial administration and material/visual culture. Scholars have waivered on the

As Henry Kissinger observes in this magisterial book, there has never been a true world order. For most of history, civilizations have defined their own concepts of order, each one envisioning its distinct principles as universally relevant. Now, as

This paper argues that self-determination mirrors the ideological system of a particular state or group of states (whether capitalist, communist or socialist), which affects the way in which self-determination is understood by each state. During the

world order Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History