(2020). {***Click "Display Table" button for important dosing instructions***} " tolerability data-on-file (2017) shared by Sinox Pharma, Inc. show that a 0.008% (wt/vol %) ClO2 solution derived from ASC is nonirritating when administered as an intranasal cleanser to individuals with sub-clinical or clinical sinusitis." "more recent evaluations in animals and humans demonstrate that exposure to low concentrations of ASC or ClO2 (≤0.2% and 0.02%, [2000 ppm ASC and 200 ppm ClO2] respectively) such as those found to be effective in human mouth rinse studies are well tolerated" "Snoot™ (Sinox Pharma, Inc.) at the ‘Original’ strength. This formulation yields between 60 parts per million (ppm) and 75 ppm (~0.01% wt/vol) ClO2 over the course of 12 hours" "DioxiRinse™ (Frontier Pharmaceutical, Inc.) to be used at the ‘Standard Strength’ yielding a concentration of ~40 ppm (0.006% wt/vol) ClO2." "immediate cleansing using both products is suggested, even if the recommended maximum use of 4 times in a 12-hour period is exceeded. However, 6 administrations in a 24-hour period are strongly discouraged."

{Graph chowing ppm concentration of "free" chlorine dioxide over time after activation}

"The species to be tested are: Streptococcus mutans (UAI59), Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718), Tannerella forsythia (ATCC 43037), Treponema denticola (ATCC 35405), Treponema socranskii (ATCC 35535), Prevotella intermedia (ATCC 49046), and Candida albicans (ATCC 64124). ...requested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis be added to the list of test species.” “The experimental Rinse exhibited broad spectrum anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive and Gram"-negative bacterial species common to the oral cavity', including cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, and against the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. albicans.“

{Solumium} We observed an antibacterial effect of ClO2 and NaOCl gas phases onE. faecalis growth, but not of CHX. ClO2eliminates intracanal biofilm and keeps root canal nearly free from bacteria. "his molecule is unique because it dissolves in aqueous solutions, oil as well as apolar organic solvents. Therefore, ClO2 is not only a surface disinfectant. It has the ability to penetrate into the skin and ucous membranes in a few tenth of millimeters depth" "metastabilized 0.04% and 0.16% chlorous acid/ClO2 (MECA) mouthwash was also found beneficial" "Solumium Dental (1200 ppm ClO2) and Solumium Oral (300 ppm ClO2)" "Mixed-on-site 10% (Clidox-S) or 13.8% (BioClenz) ClO2 solutions... However, the 10% and the 13.8% mentioned in these papers were probably mistakenly written as ClO2 concentration, they are rather the sodium chlorite (precursor) concentrations,"

"Snoot™ (Sinox Pharma, Inc.) at the ‘Original’ strength. This formulation ... yields between 60 parts per million (ppm) and 75 ppm (~0.01% wt/vol) ClO2 over the course of 12 hours," "DioxiRinse™ (Frontier Pharmaceutical, Inc.) to be used at the ‘Standard Strength’ yielding a concentration of ~40 ppm (0.006% wt/vol) ClO2. If an HCP has direct exposure to a cough or sneeze of individual with presumed COVID-19, immediate cleansing using both products is suggested, even if the recommended maximum use of 4 times in a 12-hour period is exceeded. However, 6 administrations in a 24-hour period are strongly discouraged."

***!!!!*** "by exposing affected tissue of the sinus and contiguous tissue in the, nasal cavity and greater oral cavity to effective amounts" "in order to maintain the substantially same concentration... within the range of about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm from the first few seconds up to about a minute or so after the initial formation of chlorine dioxide for up to 2 or 3 days, the composition comprises a carbohydrate, including a sugar such as ribose and a hydroxyl free aldehyde such as cinnamic aldehyde in combination as a disproportionation agent, sodium chlorite and acid to provide a pH... of about 6.0" "The inclusion of a disproportionation agent (preferably a hydroxyl free aldehyde...) in combination with an acid and a salt of chlorite... will speed the production of chlorine dioxide and minimize the residual chlorite for maximum effect." "speeding the release of chlorine dioxide at mild acidity" " glycerin is one of the few emollients that can be used with chlorine dioxide since it will not be oxidized. Glycerin, then, is an acceptable additive to the chlorine dioxide antiseptic solution. It also tastes good." "Numerous acids may be used... including a variety of organic acids, for example, citric, propionic, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric and acetic" "mucus looseners, such as... and/or guaifenesin to loosen the mucus on the exposed membranes which may be safely ... delivered to the patient, among other optional components" "the composition is administered first by gargling, following by administering the compositions by nasal spray, inhalation and/or nasal lavage." "“neti pot,” usually produces fast results. The concentration of chlorine dioxide may also be lowered to about half that which is used in the nasal spray." " its ability many times to oxidize and neutralize the body's irritating... inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and oxygen radicals. Eosinophil peroxidase, for example, a white blood cell formation, is probably neutralized by chlorine dioxide oxidation. The importance of this action is obvious in that, aside from the peroxidase killing invading fungus cells, which was nature's purpose, the enzyme is involved in mucus membrane attack and probably the illnesses of 35 million chronic fungal sinusitis patients." [Mouth gargle and nasal rinse at] "about 15 ppm" "each nostril was sprayed while briskly breathing in at the same time. Again, with infection present, there was mild burning for a moment"