Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine dioxide against Candida albicans in stationary and starvation phases in human root canal: An in-vitro study
"This study determines the fungicidal efficacy of 13.8% chlorine dioxide in extracted human teeth" "Efficacy of chlorine dioxide against C. albicans is relatively higher in stationary phase than that of starvation phase." "(Chlorine dioxide 13.8%, Frontier Pharmaceuticals, U.S.A" "C albicans produces biofilms of lesser amount in starvation phase when compared to stationary phase. [23] However, biofilms which are formed in starvation phase are relatively more resistant to the irrigants than the stationary phase. [24] Efficacy of chlorine dioxide to reduce the C albicans count significantly is due to its ability to alter the cell membrane integrity of C. albicans and to cause leakage of potassium and adenosine triphosphate" "Prolonged irrigation with chlorine dioxide combined with intracanal medication might help to eliminate candidal cells in stationary and starvation phases in root canal environment."
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of chlorine dioxide in the management of chronic atrophic candidiasis: an open study - Mohammad - 2004 - International Dental Journal
{Dioxident, which has 100 ppm ClO2??} " Patients were instructed to rinse the mouth with 0.8% [??] ClO2 mouth rinse (DioxiDent) twice daily for one minute and to soak their dentures overnight in the ClO2 for 10 days" "topical antiseptic for the treatment of chronic atrophic candidiasis in geriatric patients. Participants..."
Chlorine Dioxide Method of treating sinusitis, including chronic sinusitis
***!!!!*** "by exposing affected tissue of the sinus and contiguous tissue in the, nasal cavity and greater oral cavity to effective amounts" "in order to maintain the substantially same concentration... within the range of about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm from the first few seconds up to about a minute or so after the initial formation of chlorine dioxide for up to 2 or 3 days, the composition comprises a carbohydrate, including a sugar such as ribose and a hydroxyl free aldehyde such as cinnamic aldehyde in combination as a disproportionation agent, sodium chlorite and acid to provide a pH... of about 6.0" "The inclusion of a disproportionation agent (preferably a hydroxyl free aldehyde...) in combination with an acid and a salt of chlorite... will speed the production of chlorine dioxide and minimize the residual chlorite for maximum effect." "speeding the release of chlorine dioxide at mild acidity" " glycerin is one of the few emollients that can be used with chlorine dioxide since it will not be oxidized. Glycerin, then, is an acceptable additive to the chlorine dioxide antiseptic solution. It also tastes good." "Numerous acids may be used... including a variety of organic acids, for example, citric, propionic, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric and acetic" "mucus looseners, such as... and/or guaifenesin to loosen the mucus on the exposed membranes which may be safely ... delivered to the patient, among other optional components" "the composition is administered first by gargling, following by administering the compositions by nasal spray, inhalation and/or nasal lavage." "“neti pot,” usually produces fast results. The concentration of chlorine dioxide may also be lowered to about half that which is used in the nasal spray." " its ability many times to oxidize and neutralize the body's irritating... inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and oxygen radicals. Eosinophil peroxidase, for example, a white blood cell formation, is probably neutralized by chlorine dioxide oxidation. The importance of this action is obvious in that, aside from the peroxidase killing invading fungus cells, which was nature's purpose, the enzyme is involved in mucus membrane attack and probably the illnesses of 35 million chronic fungal sinusitis patients." [Mouth gargle and nasal rinse at] "about 15 ppm" "each nostril was sprayed while briskly breathing in at the same time. Again, with infection present, there was mild burning for a moment"